Motor-sailing mini-yacht “Dugong. Theoretical drawing of the hull of the yacht "Dugong"

Still, it's good that the British have a sense of humor. Their subtle humor sometimes manifests itself in the most unexpected way, including for themselves. For example, such a serious matter as a competition for the best yacht design for a given trip - Yachting World Design 2000 Competition. The organizers began to joke from the very beginning, publishing the conditions for its holding on ... a black background. The "black" beginning determined the same ending. Instead of any results in one of the three categories of the competition and the publication of serious projects (probably submitted), Yachting World magazine published five variants of yachts that (quoting the article) "... cannot be taken seriously for this competition." And again on a black background!

And now jokes aside - we are going to sea far and for a long time. On a virtual trip on an imaginary yacht. The proposed tasks were very interesting for me. The navigation conditions at different stages of the route determined the technical requirements that had to be turned into a chain of compromise solutions and, as a result, a viable vessel was obtained. Of the three categories of the competition - the complete project, the concept of the ship and the design of a separate part or device - I chose the second: the idea of a yacht.

What is the captain thinking about when he is going to spend three or four years at sea on a yacht? About the route, about the weather, about the crew, about yourself, the poor, and about your ship.

It is more or less clear with the route - it is set. Such a breathtaking traveler's layered cocktail of sailing the Ocean simply, the Roaring Ocean, the Tropical Ocean, coastal shallow waters, the wild and muddy Amazon, lakes and inland waterways. The cocktail must be served with ice - with icebergs and ice porridge. You have to come up with something like this!

After a few weeks of sailing, the romance will fizzle out. The crew will be lazy. Life will pass in three states: sleep-food-watch. If the captain does not have to constantly think that something on the yacht does not come off or fall off, then he can sometimes sleep peacefully.

On such a trip, there should be a lot of everything on the yacht: fuel, fresh water, food, inside - spacious, light, warm when it's cold outside, and cool in the heat.

This is how I thought before putting my idea of a yacht for the competition on paper.

So, "Seal" is a small expeditionary sailing and motor vessel. The main design solutions that had to be agreed upon when developing the concept of such a vessel are as follows: high seaworthiness and hull strength, large sail area, providing good driving performance under sail, stability, draft limit, reliable steering gear, powerful engine, accommodation of large reserves of fuel, water and food, availability of comfortable cabins for all crew members.

Yacht dimensions

Construction: material of the hull, deck and superstructure - steel, longitudinal framing system with heavy frame frames and bulkheads. The plastic protective canopy is bolted to the superstructure. Hull plating thickness: underwater part - 6 mm, surface - 4-5 mm, deck - 4 mm, superstructure - 3 mm. The hull is divided by three watertight bulkheads.

To reduce draft, a heavy lifting bulb-keel weighing 4 tons was used. In the raised state, the bulb remains outside the hull and is placed between two fins, in which there is an additional ballast, 2 tons each. This ensures sufficient stability of the yacht even with the keel raised.

A rudder is hung on each fin, which, with a small draft, provides them with reliable protection and sufficient total area necessary for good controllability - even if one rudder breaks or is lost.

The tunnel formed by the fins closes the propeller from the sides and allows you to protect it with removable grilles in front and behind (for example - while swimming in ice). On the fins, the yacht can remain standing on the bottom at low tide, which can be used for inspection or repair.

Thanks to four eyelets welded into the hull, it is easy to lift the vessel ashore in any port, as long as a truck crane can drive up to the berth.

Equipment, systems and rigging of the yacht: "Perkins Saber M130C" engine with a power of 130 hp. Sources of electricity: two groups of batteries (plus a separate one for starting the engine) and two diesel generators (7.8 and 2 kW). The batteries are recharged from solar panels, a wind generator, through a charger operating from the shore network, from any of the diesel generators or, when the engine is running, from three generators hung on it. The desire to install two diesel generators of different power on the yacht is not accidental: it is advisable to use a low power diesel generator for recharging, and a large one for air conditioning and household electrical equipment.

Fuel reserves - 4600 l in four separate built-in tanks.

Fresh water reserves - 1200 liters in four separate stainless steel tanks located forward of the engine room. To replenish fresh water supplies, an electric watermaker and, in addition, an emergency manual one, are installed. Hot and cold water is supplied under pressure to the galley and to all toilets, as well as to the deck shower. Two inline soft tanks for sewage are located one by one in the bow and stern parts of the yacht.

Sails: main mainsail with three rows of reefs 51.5 m 2, storm grotto 29 m 2, trysel 16 m 2, genoa 94 m 2, staysail No. 1 70 m 2, staysail No. 2 50 m 2, baby staysail 24 m 2, storm staysail 20 m 2, gene naker. Genoa and staysail - on spins.

There are two control stations equipped with a hydraulic drive. The first, providing good review, located immediately behind the cockpit at the level of the main deck; the second - at the level of the cockpit deck under the protective visor.

The anchoring device consists of two electric capstans, two 34 kg anchors, a 10 mm anchor chain for each anchor and an additional 17 kg aluminum anchor with nylon rope. This light anchor with good holding power is used as a stern or imported anchor.

Yacht layout and amenities: above the large and serviceable engine room in the central part of the yacht is the saloon. In it, on the starboard side - a large chart table; on the left is a dining table and a U-shaped sofa.

The yacht has three double cabins, each with a toilet and shower. To starboard aft is a large pantry with an automatic washing machine. Gas cylinders in sealed containers with external ventilation are placed above the waterline, also in the pantry. There is enough space to store food supplies, some sails, ends, an inflatable boat in a collapsed state. In general, storing an inflatable boat is always a problem. Habitual davits disfigure the yacht, make it difficult to have a comfortable gangway and outboard ladder. And during a storm, a boat dangling on davits is easy to lose. On the "Tyulen" you can store an inflatable boat in three places: in a collapsed state in the already mentioned pantry, on the deck in front of the mast, or on a U-shaped crossbar that leans back from the stern beam.

A fully equipped galley is located forward of the saloon on the starboard side.

When working on the "Seal", I was limited by the conditions of the competition - the length of the yacht should not exceed 15 m. When developing a real project, I would lengthen it by 0.5-1 m, finalize the hull contours, increase the distance between the fins, carefully thought out the keel lifting device.

In general, the concept of the "Seal" as a yacht of an unlimited navigation area, capable of withstanding any weather conditions, easy to maintain and with long term operation, I like it even now, a year after the end of the competition.

SAILING AND MOTOR VESSEL

sailing vessel with auxiliary mechanical installation (internal combustion engine) operating in calm and maneuvering. Most P. - m. With. - small fishing, educational, tourist.

Big encyclopedic polytechnic dictionary. 2004 .

See what "SAIL-MOTOR VESSEL" is in other dictionaries:

SAILING AND MOTOR VESSEL- a vessel with sailing equipment and an auxiliary diesel mechanical unit used to propel the ship in calm weather, when calling at ports, moving along canals, etc. Most motor-sailing vessels are small fishing, ... ... Marine encyclopedic reference book

A sailing vessel with an auxiliary engine used to propel the vessel in calm weather in port waters and fairways where maneuvering under sail is difficult. As engines for modern P. m. usually… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia

This term has other meanings, see Bot. Modern Egyptian ... Wikipedia

s; and. [Dutch] jacht] A small sailing, motorized or motorized sailing vessel intended for sports, pleasure trips and other purposes. Walk on a yacht. I'm under sail. Motor me. Royal me. Sea me. Olympic yachts (some types of dinghies, ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Children's maritime center KYUM ... Wikipedia

- "Young Baltian" "Young Baltian" History of the ship Flag state Russia ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Triton. Y 5 Triton Ship History Flag State ... Wikipedia

- (marine). A two-masted cargo ship with a high rear end, in the 18th century. on the Bairian Sea. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. pink (goal pink) a small two-masted sailing and motor vessel, ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

This term has other meanings, see Standard. Standard Service ... Wikipedia

- (Seine boat, Seine net fishing vessel) a fishing vessel (usually a small motor boat) for fishing with a Danish and purse seine. Large S. retain the main features of small trawlers and English drifters. The main requirements that ... ... Marine vocabulary

Books

Kozak. Circassian from Gothia, Sorokin Igor Vladimirovich. You went fishing, but ended up in the 16th century in the Ottoman Empire, at the time of the birth of the Zaporizhzhya Sich? Amazing! Rejoice! After all, you have a head on your shoulders, and in addition to it ...
Cossack Circassian from Gothia, Sorokin I.. You went fishing, but ended up in the 16th century in the Ottoman Empire, at the time of the birth of the Zaporizhzhya Sich? Amazing! Rejoice! After all, you have a head on your shoulders, and in addition to it ...

The invention relates to water transport and can be used in the construction of motor-sailing vessels for the transport of passengers on the seas and lakes. A motor-sailing vessel has a hull with a length of 24 to 36 meters with internal cavities, at least one propeller driven by at least one diesel engine, at least one fuel tank, at least one tank for drinking water, a desalination plant, at least one mast with sails, a means that promotes unsinkability, made of a non-wettable material with closed porosity, which fills the internal cavities of the hull, batteries, refrigerator chambers for storing food. The volume of the fuel tank or the total volume of the fuel tanks is at least 8 cubic meters. meters. The volume of the tank or the total volume of fresh water tanks is at least 6 cubic meters. meters. The volume of refrigerator chambers for food storage is at least 4 cubic meters. meters. Inside the hull there is a hold and storage rooms for cars, boats, fishing and diving equipment. The vessel is equipped with inflatable balloons attached to the hull and batteries. The reliability and safety of navigation is increased, the autonomy of navigation is ensured. 5 z.p. f-ly.

The invention relates to shipbuilding. The goal is to create a vessel with an unlimited navigation area, which has no analogues in terms of safety and autonomy.

From the prior art (RU 2200118 and according to the funds mass media) it is known about the beginning of construction in a number of countries of ships with an autonomy of tens of years, nuclear power plants, means for extracting seafood, compartments for livestock, poultry, vegetable gardens, etc.

These vessels have significant disadvantages:

High price (up to $2,500,000 per passenger seat);

Large dimensions, in which the lining for unsinkability upon impact, for example, on reefs, should have a thickness of up to 300 mm and, accordingly, a reinforced frame, which will increase the price of a passenger seat to 5-6 million dollars.

But this design will not provide security:

Upon impact, depressurization of compartments is possible, which will be impossible to repair outside a specialized factory;

When such a ship hits a tsunami, it will inevitably capsize and, even if it is not broken, will not restore its position on the water. The designers of the most durable ships - battleships - could not give them similar properties.

For these reasons, the length of the hull of a motor-sailing vessel of the Ark-1 type is limited to 36 meters.

Widely known are motor-sailing vessels from 24 to 36 meters long (URL: //www.vachting2000.ru/produkcija/ot-24m-do-40/) with internal cavities, having at least one propeller driven by at least one engine (“Marine Dictionary”, p. 332, ed. “ Water transport”, 1965), at least one fuel tank, at least one folding or telescopic mast with sails (RU 2041120) for passage, for example, under low bridges, at least one tank and at least one desalination plant (RU 42998) for supplying the crew with drinking (fresh) water, at least one diesel or gasoline generator (RU 1320120), wind power generator ( RU 1134479, RU 2200118), hydroelectric generator (RU 2038264), solar (RU 2195754) and battery (RU 2038263, RU 2038264) batteries to provide the ship with electricity, refrigeration chamber (RU 86717, SU 1101380) for storing crew food, a means that promotes unsinkability, made of a non-wettable material with closed porosity, which fills the internal cavities of the hull (RU 2252144, SU 338441, RU 2245816, RU 2175619, RU 13558) or which covers the hull plating (RU 71316) and inflatable tanks (RU 61677) located inside the vessel, filled with gas in case of flooding.

In accordance with the rules of the Maritime Register (“Register of Shipping of Russia”, 1999), motor-sailing vessels up to 36 meters long are supplied with liquid fuel tanks with a volume of up to 0.8 cubic meters. meters. Such a supply of fuel is sufficient to supply the vessel with electricity for 8 days. However, in cases of failure of wind turbines and solar panels due, for example, to powerful magnetic storms, while it is impossible due to weather conditions to use hydro generators, this time may not be enough to repair (replace) equipment or establish favorable weather conditions. The ship's power supply will be cut off.

On a motor-sailing vessel of the Kovcheg-1 type, energy security is achieved by placing fuel tanks with a volume of at least 8 cubic meters in the hull. meters, which is enough to power the ship for at least 80 days.

According to the same rules, the capacity of fresh water tanks of motor-sailing vessels up to 36 meters in length is no more than 2 cubic meters. meters. This is a reserve for 6 days, which, if the distiller fails, may not be enough to replenish water supplies.

On a motor-sailing vessel of the "Ark-1" type, the crew is supplied with water from tanks with a volume of at least 6 cubic meters. meters. This water is enough for 24 days, during which you can repair the distiller or reach the most remote shores.

Vessels up to 36 meters long are equipped with accumulators up to 10,000 Ah in accordance with the Maritime Register rules. However, in the absence of the possibility of using other sources of electricity due to technical or weather conditions, such a capacity is sufficient to supply the vessel with electricity only during the day, which may not be enough to repair generators, replenish fuel supplies or establish more favorable weather conditions.

The Kovcheg-1 motor-sailing vessel is equipped with batteries with a capacity of at least 50,000 Ah, which fivefold increases energy security.

To supply the crew with perishable foodstuffs while saving electricity consumed by refrigeration units, chambers located one inside the other are used, the spaces inside of which are ventilated. However, in practice and according to the rules of the Maritime Register, passenger ships up to 36 meters long are equipped with refrigeration chambers up to 0.6 cubic meters. meters. The food that can be placed in them is enough to feed the crew for 33 days, which is normal under normal conditions, but not enough in extreme conditions.

Refrigeration chambers with a volume of at least 4 cubic meters are included in the design of a sail-motor vessel of the Ark-1 type. meters, which increases the autonomy of navigation in terms of food supplies up to 320 days, and taking into account the use of seafood and products of commercial hunting - up to 1100 days.

In order to ensure the buoyancy of the vessel, even if it is completely flooded with water, foam materials and inflatable tanks are used, filled with gas in case of a threat of flooding. However, these methods do not solve the problem of quickly restoring the vessel to its normal position in the event of a rollover(s).

In a motor-sailing vessel of the Ark-1 type, the problem of quick recovery to a normal position after a rollover is solved by fixing inflatable cylinders on the upper edges of the sides, which are supplied with compressed gas only in the event of a rollover.

According to the rules of the Maritime Register, the projects of passenger ships of the specified length do not provide for the presence of holds. However, in case of an emergency, the crew will need a significant amount of materials, equipment, spare parts, clothing, etc., which are not taken on a normal trip.

On a motor-sailing vessel of the "Ark-1" type, reserves are also placed in a hold with a volume of at least 8 cubic meters. meters.

On passenger ships of the specified sizes, according to the rules of the Maritime Register, rescue and crew boats are located on the upper decks, and loading a car is not provided at all. However, in the event of a ship capsizing, any equipment will be washed off the outer decks and the crew will be without watercraft, and in the event of landing on an uninhabited shore, without a vehicle.

Inside the hull of a motor-sailing vessel of the "Ark-1" type, there is a special compartment for storing a car and a boat, located mainly in the stern at the waterline level and equipped mainly with a ramp descending into the water, rigidly pressed against its hull during the passage of the vessel.

As a rule, all passenger ships have lockers (boxes) for storing fishing and diving equipment for sport fishing and diving. However, with a forced long stay in autonomous navigation, the extraction of seafood will turn into an urgent need and the available lockers will not be enough to store professional equipment.

On the motor-sailing vessel of the "Ark-1" type, stocks of fishing and underwater equipment are stored in special rooms with a volume of at least 4 cubic meters. meters.

The listed essential features of a sailing-motor vessel of the type "Ark-1" require the presence of rooms and cavities inside the hull, the volume of which limits the minimum length of the vessel to 24 meters.

Motor-sailing vessel of the "Ark-1" type is located at the pier seaport or on the road in a fully equipped state. Its tanks are filled with fuel and water, refrigeration chambers are loaded with food, and the hold is stocked with equipment, spare parts, clothing, etc. In a special compartment there is a car and a boat, rigidly fastened in all planes between bulkheads and decks. In the storage room for fishing and diving equipment, its professional set is complex and fixed. The cabins for the crew are fully prepared for living. All mechanisms and systems are checked.

In the event of receipt of information about the threat of an emergency, the crew arrives on the ship, and it immediately goes to the sea (ocean), heading towards the greatest depths.

In case of receipt of information about the onset of an emergency, the crew immediately lowers the masts and rigidly fastens them to the deck, after which they are placed in the interior, batten down all external doors and windows, as well as watertight doors and hatches in bulkheads and decks.

In case of detecting the approach of a wave with a height three times lower than the length of the vessel, the crew directs the vessel to the wave.

When a wave is detected greater height, the crew turns the vessel sideways to the wave, which capsizes it one or more times.

When the vessel turns over, the crew opens the valve for filling the elastic containers fixed on the upper edges of the sides with gas from the cylinders previously filled with it. The tanks fill quickly, helping the vessel to emerge from under the water in a normal position.

After the disappearance of threats, the crew goes to the upper decks, deflates the elastic containers, re-securing them on the sides in a folded state, sets up the masts, raises the sails and starts moving the ship in the safest direction.

When the ship is moving, wind, solar and hydroelectric generators are used to the maximum in order to save fuel.

To save food stocks, professional sets of fishing, diving and hunting equipment are used to the maximum.

If it is necessary to survey the coast that is promising for landing, the gate - the ramp - is depressurized and lowered onto the water (shore), and a boat or car is unloaded from a special compartment.

If it is necessary to equip the crew on the shore, the necessary equipment, equipment, etc. are removed from the holds.

In general, the design of a sailing and motor vessel of the type "Ark-1" allows the crew to be in autonomous navigation for up to 3 years, choosing a place to stay on the shores of the seas (oceans).

1. A motor-sailing vessel, characterized in that it contains a hull from 24 to 36 m long with internal cavities, at least one propeller driven by at least one diesel engine, at least one fuel tank, at least one potable water tank and a desalination plant, at least one mast with sails, a means that promotes unsinkability, made of non-wettable with closed porosity material, which is filled internal cavities of the body, batteries, refrigerated chambers for food storage, moreover, the volume of the fuel tank or the total volume of fuel tanks is at least 8 m 3 , the volume of the tank or the total volume of fresh water tanks is at least 6 m 3 , and the volume of refrigerated chambers for food storage is at least 4 m 3 .

2. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that it has at least one hold with a volume of at least 8 m 3 .

3. The vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that it has inside the hull a room for storing a car, a boat with a volume of at least 8 m 3.

4. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that it has rooms inside the hull for storing fishing and diving equipment with a volume of at least 4 m 3 .

5. The vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with inflatable balloons attached to the hull and designed for an emergency emergency increase in the vessel's displacement.

6. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with batteries with a total capacity of at least 50,000 Ah.

SAILING AND MOTOR VESSEL

a vessel, a sailing vessel with an auxiliary engine used to propel the vessel in calm weather in the water areas of ports and in fairways where maneuvering under sail is difficult. As engines for modern P.-m. With. diesels are usually used to rotate the propeller. Most P. - m. With. - small fishing, transport, educational, tourist.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB. 2012