, - Very quiet city, which seems unusual for the Germans. Various youth festivals are held here throughout the year. This city is a pleasure to visit. Above the main square (where the market is open daily) rises Munster (Munster) of dark red sandstone.

Freiburg Cathedral (Münster) began to be built around 1200, the nave is skillfully built, the aerial buttresses seem to have no weight, and the majestic statues of the west portal are considered outstanding creations of German sculptors of that time. From the tower (March-November Monday-Saturday 9.30-17.00, Sunday 13.00-17.00) opens great view over the city and the wooded hills.

A local attraction is the city's canal system (Bachle). Previously, they were used to water animals and extinguish fires, but now they keep cool. Walking along the main canal to the south, you can come to the Swabian Tower - one of the two fortifications that have survived from the Middle Ages.

Directly in front of the tower on Oberlinden is the hotel Zum Roten Baren, the oldest in. Further south on Marienstrasse is the Museum of Modern Art (€2) with a good collection of 20th-century German art, including notable sculptures by Ernst Barlach and Hermann Scherer. From here, you can walk along the Fischerau to the gate-tower Martinstor (Martinstor) (XIII century), located on the central Freiburg highway Kaiser-Josef-Strasse.

Arrival, accommodation and meals in Freiburg

The station with the bus station on the south side is located 10 minutes walk west of the city center. You can walk along the Eisenbahnstrasse to the tourist office, Rotteckring 14 (Monday-Friday 9.30-18.00/20.00, Saturday 9.30-14.00/17.00, Sunday 10.00-12.00). For 3 euros, they will pick up housing for you, and after closing the list of free places appears on the electronic scoreboard (you can call by phone). The cheapest hotel in the center is Schemmer, Eschholzstr 63.

The 443-bed hostel is located on Karthauserstr 151 (€18.60; tram 1 to Romerhof) on the eastern edge of the city. Camping Hirzberg is nearby, and another is Mosle-Park (closed from November to March) on the opposite bank of the river. The award-winning, expensive Oberkirchs Weinstuben, Munsterplatz 22, serves Baden delicacies, while the Kleiner Meyerhof, Rathausgasse 27 offers hearty South German dishes.

On the border between the Black Forest and the Upper Rhine Plain, in the very southwest of Baden-Württemberg, lies the city of Freiburg (Freiburg im Breisgau). Founded in 1120 by Duke Conrad Berthold III as the capital of the Breisgau region with broad autonomy - hence the name "Free City", it quickly turned into a major cultural, educational, commercial and wine-making center, which even minted its own coin - in the surrounding mountains there were a lot of silver. In addition, it is also "the sunniest and warmest city in the country" - according to official statistics, it is here that a temperature record of +40.2 ° C and 292 cloudless days a year was recorded.

Attractions Freiburg

In parallel with the construction of Freiburg, the construction of its main attraction, the cathedral, was carried out. Cathedral of the Holy Virgin Mary(Freiburger Münster, Münster Unserer Lieben Frau), which lasted until 1530! As a result, this 116-meter building received such an amazing and pretentious image that it can safely be considered one of the symbols of Germany. The Swiss art historian Jakob Burckhardt even called the main bell tower of the cathedral "the most beautiful tower of Christianity." In addition, among its 16 bells, one can find Hosanna-Glocke (1258, 3.3 tons) - the oldest in a country of this size.

Near the complex there is a square Munsterplatz, which once served as a cemetery, and now from Monday to Saturday is the venue for a colorful market. South side, in front of the Renaissance complex Historisches Kaufhaus("Market House", 1520-1530), traditionally used by merchants, and the north - by farmers. A little to the west, at Rathausplatz 2-4, rises the Old Town Hall (1559), which was rebuilt from two mansions and is now famous for its beautiful facade with a bas-relief illustrating the romantic medieval legend of the maiden and the unicorn.

Also nearby is Augustinian Museum(Augustinermuseum), which occupies the complex of the monastery of this order restored in 1914-1923. It exhibits original sculptures from the Cathedral of St. Mary, gold and silver tombs, icons, a church organ, a collection of coins and clocks, as well as a collection of stained glass windows - one of the most significant in Germany. And the Augustinerplatz square itself, which is practically the historical core of the Old Town, is famous for its abundance of restaurants and bars, as well as the complex of the old Feierling brewery.

old quarters(Altstadt) of Freiburg began to be built up as early as 1091 and, despite the heavy destruction from the bombing of the Second World War, when about 80% of the city was completely destroyed, they still retain their historical charm. You can get around this small area on foot in just 3-4 hours, and then take the Schlossbergbahn funicular to Schlossberg Hill from its observation tower(30 m), to the Rosskopf hill (Rosskopf, a cable car is also stretched here) or - also by cable car - to the top of Schauinsland (Schauinsland, 7 km southeast of the city center) and return on foot or by bike back to the city. By the way, the Schaunisland lift is considered the longest cable car in Germany - 3.6 kilometers.

Be sure to visit the beautiful square Platz der alten Synagoge, on which until 1938 the synagogue destroyed by the Nazis towered, the oldest hotel in Germany - Zum Roten Baren on Oberlinden, near the Swabian Gate, Castle ruins on Schlosberg mountain(destroyed in the 1740s), " whale house"(Haus Zum Walfisch, in the horror film Suspiria Dario Argento acted as a dance academy), the Museum of Urban History (Museum fur Stadtgeschichte) in the former home of the painter, sculptor and architect Johann Christian Wenzinger (1710-1797), and see more one colorful local attraction - "bahle". Bachle- these are small channels, rather even just watercourses, semi-recessed into sidewalks or roadsides. Since the 12th century, they have been used to supply water to firefighters and other city services, and now they are just a source of coolness in the summer heat. However, not a single resident of the city will fail to tell the tourist a belief, according to which, if you manage to swim or even just wash your feet in a "bahl", then you will definitely marry a native of these places.

The complex deserves special attention. University of Freiburg(Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, Uni Freiburg) - one of the oldest and most famous in Germany (founded in 1457). This educational institution owns a huge number of interesting buildings, among them Jugendstil Kollegiengebaude (1911), the Gothic Old Library, the monumental building of the New Library (1970-1876) - also one of the largest in Germany, the University Church (1683, restored after the bombings in 1956), the Institutsviertel quarter with the Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry in Hermann-Staudinger-Haus and other science buildings visible from afar (there are about two dozen educational and scientific centers in the city!), the University Medical Center (Universitatsklinikum - one of the largest in Germany - 1600 beds and the most modern equipment ), as well as a historic villa in the north-eastern district of Herdern, which now houses the House of Literature and Linguistics and the history department of the Freiburg Institute for Special Studies (FRIAS).

It is also extremely popular with visitors to the city. arboretum Freiburg - Günterstal(Arboretum Freiburg-Günterstal) - approximately 100 hectares of tree nursery owned by the university, open daily and free of charge. Since 1896, a wide variety of tree species from around the world have been grown here, adapting them to the needs of local forestry - approximately 1300 species of trees and shrubs from 60 countries. And for the city, it is also "green lungs", and a wonderful recreation area with 2 km of footpaths.

Freiburg founded in 1620 Botanical Garden (Botanischer Garten Freiburg, Botanischer Garten der Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg) is also owned by the university. It was one of the first complexes of its kind in Germany, and even though it was completely destroyed during the Thirty Years' War, and in 1766 it was moved to a new location in order to free up the territory for the fortifications of the famous Vauban, the new complex in district Herdern (Herdern) completely inherits the ideology of the founders. Now here, on an area of ​​​​about 7 acres, approximately 8,000 species of plants grow from all over the region, and four greenhouses offer guests an excellent collection of tropical plants, ferns, cacti and succulents.

Geographic Encyclopedia

- (Freiburg) (Freiburg im Breisgau) a city in Germany, the state of Baden Württemberg. 192 thousand inhabitants (1992). Chemical, electrical, instrument-making, printing, textile, paper, food industries. university. Romansko… … Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Exist., number of synonyms: 2 city (2765) team (163) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

Freiburg- im Breisgau, a city in the southwest of Germany. Mentioned in 1120. like Friburg, modern. Freiburg free city(German frei free, free, Burg fortified city). The name is due to the fact that in this city there were free courts formed by ... ... Toponymic Dictionary

Freiburg (Freiburg im Breisgau), a city in Germany, the state of Baden-Württemberg. 198 thousand inhabitants (1995). Chemical, electrical, instrument-making, printing, textile, paper, food industries. University. City Museum … encyclopedic Dictionary

Freiburg (Freiburg) Country ... Wikipedia

- (Freiburg im Breisgau), a city in Germany, in the state of Baden Württemberg. It was founded in 1120. The old part of the city, which largely retained the features of a medieval layout, was badly destroyed in 1940-44 during the Second World War. Gothic: cathedral, ... ... Art Encyclopedia

This term has other meanings, see Freiburg (meanings). City of Freiburg Freiburg im Breisgau Coat of arms ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Freiburg (meanings). Freiburg ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Freiburg (meanings). Commune of Freiburg Freiburg Coat of arms ... Wikipedia

Books

• Jewish Destinies: Twelve Portraits Against the Background of Jewish Immigration to Freiburg, Pavel Polyan. “By the early 1990s. in the Jewish communities of Germany, there were no more than 27-28 thousand people. Their demographic structure was such that German Jewry was again threatened with a literal… eBook
• All girls love diamonds, Anna and Sergey Litvinov. Muscovite Tanya Sadovnikova, smart and beautiful, one day receives an incredible letter from Paris. Great-aunt, Princess Freiburg, reports that in the vicinity Black Sea city hidden…

Sights of Freiburg. The most important and interesting sights of Freiburg - photos and videos, descriptions and reviews, location, sites.

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• Freiburg has always been different high level urban freedoms, and this is even reflected in its name - it translates as "Free City". It was founded in 1120 immediately as a free city - that is, a city that had the right to choose city self-government, create city guards, collect local taxes, build city walls and build a cathedral.

  Freiburg appeared, quickly expanded - due to its location at the crossroads of European trade routes - and just as quickly got rich. In the middle of the 15th century, a university was founded here (one of the oldest in Germany), the city retained a fairly independent position for a long time, although almost all the armies passing by tried to capture it: the French, Austrians, Spaniards, Swedes, other German principalities and a host of other conquerors.

  Now, more than 800 years later, the history of the founding of Freiburg still determines the appearance of its historical sights - and there are many of them preserved here.

  The most important landmark of the city is the Freiburg Cathedral. It was built only 80 years later than the foundation of the city and almost did not suffer from destruction during its long history. Now it's a gem gothic architecture with a very high level of preservation, decorated with stunning statues, carvings, and on the outside - the famous gargoyles. This is the case when it is worth going inside the cathedral: the interior decoration has been preserved here - paintings, altar paintings made by Holbein, carved objects and many other elements.

  It is also worth visiting Kloster der Augustinereremiten - an Augustinian monastery from the 13th century, which has preserved ancient Gothic parts, especially since it now houses one of the most interesting museums in the region - the Augustinian Museum.

  Another thing that is a pity to miss is the preserved city gates, there are few of them left in the world. There were originally five of them, but only two have survived: Martinstor (St. Martin's Gate) and Schwabentor (that is, the Swabian Gate). They were built in the 13th century, but later they were rebuilt several times, and in the 19th century they were made passable for public transport. The so-called witch prison was once located in Martinstor: Freiburg became famous for the witch hunt, which was very active in the region in the 16-17 centuries, and the victims of this hunt were kept here. Schwabenthor housed the city guard, and now there is a museum of dioramas dedicated to the history of southern Germany.

  Narrow high gate towers above the gates are located along the old borders of the city. Once there was a moat outside the city walls, but now only a few small canals have survived from it. In some places you can see the remains of the city walls and other defensive buildings. In the old part of the city, both the old squares and the original street layout have mostly remained.

  In addition to the fundamental buildings, Freiburg has preserved many and less grand buildings, and in some places - ordinary residential buildings of the 14th-15th century, and this is a rarity.

  So, the famous Historische Kaufhaus - "Historical Store". Initially, it really was a store - a shop built in the 15th century. The building was enlarged several times - the business grew, but the original foundation was preserved. This is a wonderful old house, very colorful. Now there is something like a conference room - it hosts concerts, meetings and banquets.

  The unique building is located on the Oberlinden square. This is one of the oldest surviving inns in Germany (and according to some sources - the oldest), which is called Zum roten Baren - "At the red bear." It was founded simultaneously with the city - in 1120 and still operates as a hotel and restaurant. The restaurant is not bad, it specializes in regional cuisine, and some rooms have been preserved from historical times (they are with medieval masonry, beams on the ceilings, etc.).

  In the center is the Altes Rathaus - the Old Town Hall, built in the middle of the 16th century, and the Alte Munsterbauhutte - a half-timbered medieval building that once housed the builders of the cathedral. Basler Hof is also interesting - a Gothic building of the 15th century, and Haus zum Walfisch - it was built at the beginning of the 16th century, Erasmus of Rotterdam once lived in it. Several wonderful small churches have survived, including the gothic Kirche St. Martin, built by Franciscan friars in the 13th century, and a splendid Baroque Jesuit church. Castles are visible on the hills around the city - some in more or less good condition, some in ruins, but all interesting. By the way, it is easy to get to the castles from the city if you wish.

  Whole Old city pedestrian, colorful and very atmospheric, there are a lot of local legends and fairy tales.

  Freiburg has a very high level of preservation for Germany. Many ancient streets, many medieval buildings, the remains of defensive buildings, and the world-famous cathedral have survived here, and all this is collected on a small area. This is really worth a trip if you like history, the Middle Ages or historical architecture.

  • Where to stay: In the numerous, varied and consistently high-quality spa hotels and sanatoriums in Baden-Baden - to drink water, walk in the picturesque surroundings and improve your health in every possible way. Ancient Heidelberg and Ulm will appeal to fans of the "excursion", and Freiburg, in addition, will be of interest to nature lovers and families with children, thanks to the attractions of the Europa-Park. IN

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Sights of Freiburg im Breisgau (German: Freiburg im Breisgau)

From 1945 until the founding of Baden-Württemberg on April 25, 1952, Freiburg im Breisgau (Freiburg for short) was the capital of Baden. Currently, the city located on the river Dreisam (German: Dreisam) has 227,400 inhabitants (as of August 1, 2016).

The old town with its famous sights - and the stream (German: Bächle), is visited by more than three million people every year. Documented since the Middle Ages, the streams of Freiburg, fed by the waters of the river Dreisam, can be found in most streets and lanes of the old town. The total length of Behle is 15.5 kilometers, of which 6.4 kilometers are underground.

Since the founding of the Albert Ludwig University (German: Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg) in 1457, Freiburg has been one of the classic German university towns.

The first mention of settlements in the area of ​​today's Freiburg can be found in a document from 1008. Around 1091, Duke Berthold II of the ancient German family of Zähringen built on the mountain Schlossberg (German: Schlossberg) beautiful castle Castrum de Friburch. The settlement of servants and craftsmen at the foot of the mountain was granted market and town rights by Berthold's son Conrad in 1120. Around 1200, Berthold V ordered that today's Freiburg Münster (German: Freiburger Münster) be built on the site of the too small church at that time. The construction was financed primarily by the income of the silver mines in the Black Forest, which greatly contributed to the prosperity of the citizens of Freiburg.

After the extinction of the Zähringens, the Counts von Urach took over the dominance in 1218 and henceforth called themselves the Counts of Freiburg. After frequent disputes with the counts over financial matters, the Freiburg citizens in 1368 bought off the dominance of the unloved Egino III and assumed the protection of the House of Habsburg.

At the Battle of Sempach in 1386, the Swiss defeated the troops of the Austrian Duke Leopold III and destroyed part of the Freiburg nobility. Back then, the guilds dominated the city council. Freiburg was until 1427 imperial city and was not part of any land. In 1457, Archduke Albrecht VI created.

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The Augustinian Museum in Freiburg im Breisgau is one of the most important museums on the Upper Rhine, with a well-known collection of art from the Middle Ages to the Baroque, as well as paintings from the 19th century. It is also the diocesan museum of the Archbishopric of Freiburg.

Schlossberg footbridge (German: Schlossbergsteg) Category: Freiburg im Breisgau

The Schlossberg is a wooded mountain located in the city of Freiburg im Breisgau to the east of the historic city centre. It is located at an altitude of 455.9 meters above sea level. The Schlossberg tower offers panoramic views of all parts of the city and its surroundings.

Münsterplatz Square (German: Münsterplatz) Category: Freiburg im Breisgau

Münsterplatz, or Cathedral Square, in historical center Freiburg - the area surrounding the city Cathedral. The Freiburg brooks "Bahle" flow along the edges of the square. The Münsterplatz forms the largest square in the city.

Church of St. John (German: Johanneskirche) Category: Freiburg im Breisgau

St. John's Church, or Johanneskirche, is a Catholic church in Freiburg im Breisgau. It was opened in 1899. After joining the city of the urban part of Wiere (German: Wiehre) in 1825, rapid construction activity began here, as a result of which the number of inhabitants increased dramatically over several decades.

Archaeological Museum in Colombi Palace Category: Freiburg im Breisgau

Archaeological Museum, housed in the Neo-Gothic Colombi Palace, is Freiburg's municipal museum. The origins of the collection go back to Alexander Ecker, Heinrich Fischer and Wilhelm Deeke. Deeke was director of the Geological Institute at the University of Freiburg. He expanded the collection of the Museum of the History of Primitive Society and Ethnography, which existed since 1867, and placed it in 1926 at the Geological Institute at Hebelstraße 40.

University of Freiburg (German: Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg) Category: Freiburg im Breisgau

On April 20, 1455, Pope Calixtus III granted the request of Archduke Albrecht VI of Austria to establish a privileged university in Freiburg, so that it would serve not only the state and the inhabitants of his country, but also for the needs and well-being of other countries of the world.

Freiburg Theater (German: Theater Freiburg) Category: Freiburg im Breisgau

The Freiburg Theater is the oldest and largest theater in Freiburg im Breisgau. It is located on the edge of the historical part of the city at the corner of Bertoldstrasse and the square of the old synagogue (German: Platz der Alten Synagoge). The building combines four sites under one roof: Big hall, small hall, chamber stage and workshop. In the winter foyer, author's readings and chamber concerts are additionally held. Since September 2005 the theater has been operating as a separate company.

Gate Martinstor (German: Martinstor) Category: Freiburg im Breisgau

Compared to the Swabian Gate, the Martinstor Gate (in the Middle Ages it was called the Norsinger Gate) on the Kaiser-Josef-Strasse is the oldest of the two surviving gate towers of the medieval city fortifications of Freiburg in the Breisgau.

Swabian Gate (German: Schwabentor) Category: Freiburg im Breisgau

The Swabian Gate (in the Middle Ages they were also called Obertor, German Obertor) is the youngest of the two surviving city gates (see also Martinstor) of the medieval city fortifications of Freiburg in Breisgau. The gate tower, built around 1250, originally had a passage between the outer and inner walls of the fortress in the direction of the bypass city moat and was open to the city part. Only in 1547 the tower was closed to the city with a stone wall.

Freiburg streams (German: Freiburger Bächle) Category: Freiburg im Breisgau

The Freiburg streams "Bächle" are the symbol of the city. Documented since the Middle Ages, waterways fed by the waters of the Dreyzam River can be found in most streets and lanes of the Old City. The total length of the streams is 15.5 kilometers, of which 6.4 kilometers are underground.