Kamchatka: the most dangerous and mysterious places of this amazing region. The warmest lakes in the world The hottest lake
In the south of the island of Kunashir is the caldera of the volcano Golovnin - the southernmost volcano Kuril ridge. This is an active volcano last eruption which happened already in historical time - around 1848.
A characteristic feature of this volcano is the absence of a clearly defined cone - once upon a time, thousands of years ago, there was a giant explosion comparable to the explosion of Tambor or Krakatoa. The cone was destroyed, only a ring of mountains remained from it - the caldera. With subsequent eruptions and increased activity, new cones began to grow at the bottom of the caldera and near it, of which there are now 5-6. There are two lakes in the caldera - Hot and Boiling. The first occupies the northern half of the caldera and is essentially not hot (the water in it is at a normal temperature for the Kunashir lakes, and only near its two solfataric fields is its increase observed). The second lake is the de facto main attraction of Kunashir and the southern Kuriles in general - this is the Boiling Lake, formed in an explosive funnel that arose during an eruption a hundred and fifty years ago. At the same time, the central eastern cone also grew, rising more than 100 meters above the caldera floor during this time. The boiling lake, which is remarkable, does not boil over most of its surface either - it is so named because of the steam that rises above it in wet weather.
The caldera of the Golovnin volcano is unique in its ongoing volcanic activity. From the bottom of the Boiling Lake, a jet of superheated steam and boiling water can suddenly hit - that is why swimming in it is dangerous for life. One of the solfataric fields of Lake Goryachy once erupted a stream of liquid sulfur, which poured into the lake and solidified there in a bizarre tongue. A layer of siliceous rock steamed with other solfataras turned into a silicic acid gel, better known to us as silica gel. One fine day, the staff of the reserve, descending into the caldera, discovered a strip of dead vegetation several hundred meters wide and about two kilometers long - a trace of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide from one of the cones.
Despite all this, the caldera and the Boiling Lake are definitely worth a visit. It is only very important to be especially careful there, and not to meddle where a person is not supposed to be ...
Boiling lake.
Its name is figurative. Water has a temperature of 50-80 o C and boils only at the foot of the volcanic cone - where the fumaroles are located.
The caldera of the Golovnin volcano is the remnant of an ancient explosive eruption. It has a diameter of about 5 km.
Descent to the caldera.
Road to the Boiling. The yellow vegetation is not grass, but Kuril bamboo. Mountains visible in the background Japanese island Hokkaido.
Bottom of the caldera. Bamboo thickets at Lake Goryachechee.
Central eastern volcanic cone. Together with Lake Boiling, it arose during an eruption presumably in 1848.
In wet weather, the lake really seems to be boiling...
Lake Shore.
There are fumaroles at the foot of the cone.
We come closer.
The water in this puddle boils.
Bubbles of boiling mud often occur.
Rockfalls are frequent from the slope above the lake.
Martian landscape. This channel with white hot water connects the Boiling and Hot lakes.
Farewell look at the lake.
And the caldera.
Issyk-Kul is a special lake, since ancient times it had the specifics of an enchanted one in the eyes of the local population. Before the arrival of Russian settlers here at the end of the 19th century, practically no one swam or fished in it.
Issyk-Kul in translation from Kyrgyz means "hot lake" or from ancient Turkic - "sacred, reserved lake".
Issyk-Kul is located inside the Tien Shan Mountains, at the bottom of a huge tectonic depression.
The surface of Lake Issyk-Kul stretches for 177 km in the latitudinal direction, and 60 km in the meridional direction, the water area is 6236 sq. km. The lake is located at an altitude of 1608 m above sea level. Its maximum depth is 668 m. The lake is drainless. About 80 rivers flow into the lake, but not a single one flows out ..... Therefore, the lake is brackish. In general, the lake contains about 10 billion tons of various salts, despite the fact that the rivers flowing into it carry fresh water with a salt concentration of only 0.08-0.38 g/m3. Every year, a layer of water more than 80 cm thick evaporates from the surface of the lake, which favors the accumulation of salts.
Because of the brackish water and great depths, the lake never freezes. Frequent and strong winds also do not allow the formation of even thin ice. Only small bays are sometimes covered with an ice crust, which is why the lake is called hot.
The lake is incredibly beautiful. For this reason, it is called the "Pearl of Kyrgyzstan". Great transparency and bright sun change the color of Issyk-Kul lake water from pale blue to dark blue tones.
The diverse landscapes of the fringing ridges contrast beautifully with the blue of the lake. View of Terskey-Alatoo - a ridge located in the south of the basin, with the capture of part of the water surface, is considered one of beautiful landscapes peace.
The water in the lake is clear, especially in the open deep parts. The Sekke disk, which determines the transparency of water, is visible in Issyk-Kul at a depth of 20 meters. The lake is the second most transparent in the world after Baikal.
From the 2nd half of the 7th century, active construction of settlements began along the Silk Road in the Issyk-Kul region.
Until the arrival of the hordes of Genghis Khan in Central Asia (beginning of the 13th century), the cities of the Issyk-Kul region were upset and grew rich. The appearance of detachments of conquerors on the coast forced rich residents to hide their accumulated wealth underground or under water. This is how hoards arose. After the devastating raids of the Mongols, the cities along the Silk Road degraded and this process turned out to be irreversible. The chroniclers of Timur's campaigns (end of the 14th century) no longer noted the existence of significant cities in Issyk-Kul. The final destruction of medieval settlements on the coast completed the lake: by the 16th century, it completely flooded all the cities. Hydrographic and archaeological studies have shown that in the 11th -14th centuries the water level in the lake was 6 - 6.5 meters lower than the modern one.
Today, archaeologists of Kyrgyzstan know more than a dozen ancient and medieval settlements located under water. They found a lot of historical and cultural values of the Saka-Usun period (1 millennium BC) - ceramics, clay jugs and bronze cauldrons, various metal products - and early Middle Ages - khums, cauldrons, dishes of the Mongol-Timurid time, blue ceramics, coins.
In addition to the legendary motif about dragons, traditional for reservoirs lost in the mountains, two more were traced here - this is the motif of sunken cities and the motif of gold. According to historical science, up to 200 large and small treasures can be found in the lake region.
On the coast of the lake there are resorts that operate year-round, where you can not only have a great rest, but also improve your health. Most of it is located on the northern coast, where the water is warmer.
1. North coast. In the distance the snowy peaks of Terskey Alatoo (Shady Mountains)
3. Salt Lake Kara-Kol with therapeutic mud on the south coast
4. Jeti-Ogyz gorge (seven bulls). Named for the number of peaks of the ridge
5. Waterfall 40m high in the gorge.
6. Jailau
7. Heartbreak
8. Blue waters of Issyk-Kul
9. From this photo you can imagine the degree of transparency of water
10. Grigorievskoe Gorge
12. A hospitable hostess will fry the Issyk-Kul trout for you
13. Former dacha Brezhnev, now private property
14. Morning in Issyk-Kul
There are many legends about the origin of the lake. Here is one of them.
"In ancient times, there was ancient city. Above the city on top of a steep mountain stood a castle. It belonged to the old and powerful Khan, who was famous not only for his wealth, but even more for his cruelty. Not a day passed without someone falling victim to his caprice. Despite his old age, the khan was voluptuous, but he knew neither love nor affection. Once a rumor reached him that in a poor nomad family there was a girl of fabulous beauty, and he decided to take possession of her. This girl lived in a small ail, nestled at the foot of the mountains, on the bank of a stream. Not a single glorious dzhigit in a duel laid down his head for a beauty, but to proposals for marriage, she answered everyone that she loved another.
Whom the girl loved, no one could find out, and she herself did not know. She only remembered that one early morning, when the sun lit up the tops of the mountains, a handsome horseman appeared in front of her on a white horse, grabbed her, and together with him she soared high, high. She remembered how, with the speed of a whirlwind, they rushed together in an inaccessible height, how he hugged her, kissed her, and when parting, he took off his ring and, putting it on her finger, said: “I will be back soon. Never take off the ring, while you have it, no misfortune will touch you,”
And now, when the envoys of the Khan came to her with rich gifts and offered to marry him, she indignantly pushed away the gifts and exclaimed:
I love another, and I will not be anyone's wife but my beloved!
Having said this, the girl quietly went to the mountains in the hope of meeting the wondrous horseman again, seeking protection from him.
And then only the girl noticed that the ring had disappeared from her hand, she began to cry and decided to return home. Before she had time to reach the house, armed horsemen surrounded her, seized her and quickly disappeared into a gloomy gorge. When she was released and the bandage was removed from her eyes, she saw herself in the midst of fabulous splendor. Then she realized that she was a prisoner of the Khan and decided it would be better to die than to become his wife.
Khan surrounded her with unheard of luxury, but no gifts could shake the girl.
Finally, the khan decided to take by force what he had futilely sought with gifts. He came to her again, promising everything for love, even freedom.
I love another, was the former reply.
Khan rushed at the girl, but she quickly found herself at the open window, above the gaping abyss.
No, khan, I will not be yours, - and with a loud cry, the girl rushed down. At the same moment, impregnable walls trembled, granite vaults collapsed, the gloomy castle of the old khan collapsed and water gushed from all the gorges, the remains of the khan's palace were already hidden under water, and the water kept coming and coming until it flooded a large valley. "That's how this wonderful lake Issyk-Kul was formed.
The dream where you swim in the lake portends a hidden danger threatening you.
Sailing on the lake in a rowing boat - commit an extravagant act, which you bitterly repent.
If you are sailing on big lake on big ship- there is a long journey ahead, which will bring you a lot of new experiences.
Water skiing on the lake means the desire to speed up the course of events, which is unlikely to succeed.
Catching fish in the lake is a long absence of your husband, when you have to pull the whole load of worries around the house alone.
A calm lake in calm weather means a happy marriage and complete understanding between spouses who love each other.
A stormy lake in bad weather portends obstacles in love.
clear lake with clear water, through which the coastal bottom is visible, indicates that you will fully fulfill your duty towards your parents.
Dirty water in the lake - your plans will be destroyed by the intervention of competitors.
The muddy bottom of the lake - you will be drawn into a dubious enterprise, because of which you will lose the favor of an influential person.
Clean sandy bottom - do what you like.
The swampy deserted shore of a dreaming lake means that you are under the influence of false beliefs.
The wooded shore is a sign of affection and friendly disposition.
Drowning in the lake - you will find yourself in a critical situation, out of which you can only thanks to resourcefulness and cunning.
Seeing a mermaid in the lake is a dream warning: do not give in to illusions that can lead you to a dead end.
To see the famous monster in Loch Ness Lake - you will succeed in what you have been striving for so long and unsuccessfully so far.
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A distant and mysterious land - Kamchatka. The land is also virgin, still little explored and still almost not mastered by man. It is not surprising that there are many mysterious things here, including a life-threatening person.
Deadly Fumarole Lake
There are many volcanoes in Kamchatka, the landscapes around which literally fascinate with their kind of piercing beauty. No exception in this regard is Lake Fumarolnoe at the foot of the Uzon volcano, which looks more like a huge bowl of hot water floating in cool air.
Indeed, even on the surface of this unique reservoir, the temperature of the liquid is about 50 degrees Celsius, and in the depths, the water simply boils. This is the hottest lake in Russia.
The name of the reservoir "Fumarole" can be translated as a source of hot gases, but it would be more correct to say - a source of poisonous gases, since the haze over this lake is not just a harmless park from hot water, but various gas formations that are deadly to all living things. For this reason, there is not even a path to Fumarolnoye Lake - neither tourists nor hunters with fishermen go here, rare visitors to the mysterious reservoir - scientists who explore not only the lake itself, but also the influence of the Uzon volcano on it.
The reservoir is relatively large, about 600 meters long and 300 meters wide, its depth reaches 25 meters. In addition, it is so beautiful that it is difficult to take your eyes off, but it is better to admire this lake in photographs or videos without approaching this natural “trap” - it is deadly!
death valley
Who does not know the famous Valley of Geysers of Kamchatka (see the video below about it), it was in this place, fantastic in its beauty and contrast, that the wonderful film “Sannikov Land” was filmed in Soviet times. However, few people have heard that not far from this life-affirming valley there is another one - the Valley of Death.
The most interesting thing is that until the mid-seventies of the last century about this creepy place no one even knew. Firstly, Kamchatka is huge and little studied so far, and the Death Valley is not so big - about 2 kilometers long and half a kilometer wide. In 1975, forester V.Kalyaev and volcanologist V.Leonov, who were studying Kronotsky, accidentally got into this dangerous canyon. nature reserve this edge. It almost cost them their lives. In subsequent years, many expeditions of scientists visited here, trying to understand what kills animals and birds in this valley, including humans, if he turns out to be so careless that he does not leave bad place As soon as possible.
At first glance, everything seems simple - all life here is killed by volcanic gases, like carbon monoxide. However, why do animals and birds in the canyon die almost instantly? Then scientists suggested that these gases may contain, say, cyanogen chloride, which in its action is similar to cyanide poisons. But this theory is also bursting at the seams, since the concentration of cyanogen chloride in this case should be very large, cause tearing, but this is not observed. Moreover, cyanide poisons kill all living things, including bacteria, while animals and birds poisoned in the Death Valley do not turn into mummies, but quietly decompose ...
The valley of death still remains an unsolved mystery of a distant and fantastic land - Kamchatka. However, there are many other mysteries here, it’s like a snuffbox of an old and kind wizard, in which real fairy-tale miracles are collected ...