Regulations on the classification of ships of inland and mixed (river-sea) navigation. Rules for the Classification and Construction of Inland Navigation Vessels Ppp Rules for the Classification and Construction of Ships
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1 Regulations on the Classification of Inland and Mixed (River-Sea) Navigation Vessels “Regulations on the Classification of Inland and Mixed (River-Sea) Navigation Vessels” is a regulatory legal act that determines the procedure for carrying out classification activities by the Russian River Register. The document was developed on the basis of Part 1 "Classification" of the Rules for the Classification and Construction of Inland Navigation Vessels (PSVP), other Rules of the Russian River Register, ed. water transport. 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS 1.1. This Regulation determines the procedure for classifying ships of inland and mixed (river-sea) navigation (hereinafter referred to as classification activities) by the federal state institution "Russian River Register" (hereinafter referred to as the River Register). In its classification activities, the River Register is guided by this Regulation, the rules developed and issued by it, containing requirements for ships during their design, construction, repair and operation, as well as for materials and products intended for installation on ships, and other regulatory and technical acts (hereinafter referred to as the rules) 1.5 of this Regulation, in accordance with their purpose, the protection of life and health of passengers and ship crews, the safety of cargo carried on ships, the environmental safety of ships To achieve the goal specified in 1.3 of this Regulation, classification activities include the development and publication of rules, consideration and coordination of technical documentation, technical supervision of the manufacture of materials and products, the construction of ships with the assignment of a class, as well as confirmation, renewal and restoration of the class based on the results of the surveys prescribed by the rules for the entire period of operation of each ship before its decommissioning with the execution and issuance of relevant documents by the Objects classification activities of the Russian River Register are self-propelled inland navigation vessels with main engines with a power of at least 55 kW, non-self-propelled vessels with a capacity (Appendix 1 to this Regulation) of at least 80 tons, all passenger and tankers, ferry crossings and floating bridges on inland waterways ways, ships of mixed (river sea) navigation (paragraph 1 of Article 35 of the Code of Inland Water Transport Russian Federation) At the request of organizations, the River Register may carry out classification activities in relation to objects not listed in clause 1.5 of these Regulations. Works performed by the River Register within the framework of classification activities are carried out on a reimbursable basis manufacture and repair of products and manufacture of materials for installation on ships that perform work, the results of which are used by the River Register during surveys, as well as testing laboratories receive from the River Register a recognition certificate certifying that this organization manufactures products, performs work and / or provides services in accordance with the requirements of the rules. Surveys of organizations for this purpose are carried out by the River Register once every two years.
2 2. PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATION OF RULES 2.1. Vessels, materials and products, the technical documentation of which is submitted to the River Register for approval after the entry into force of the rules or changes made to the rules, must comply with the requirements of these rules and changes. For ships under construction, materials and products, the technical documentation for which was approved by the River Register before the rules came into force, the version of the rules that was in effect at the time of approval of this documentation is applied, unless otherwise specified in the relevant parts or sections of the rules. Vessels in operation are subject to the requirements of the edition of the rules according to which they were built, unless otherwise specified in subsequent editions of the rules and bulletins of additions and amendments to the rules issued after the publication of the rules. to the extent that it is expedient and technically justified, the River Register in some cases may allow the use of structures, materials and products, as well as make decisions that, to one degree or another, do not meet the requirements of the rules, provided that it is provided with the necessary justifications (calculations, results of experimental studies, operating experience and other data) proving that the specified structures, materials, products or decisions are no less effective from the point of view of safety than those regulated by the rules If the design of the ship, its elements or the materials used cannot be recognized as sufficiently proven in operation, the River Register may propose special tests, reduce the period between periodic surveys, increase the scope of these surveys, or impose restrictions on the ship's operating conditions. Restrictions are lifted after obtaining satisfactory test results during operation The River Register has the right, in case of non-compliance with the requirements specified in the rules, to prohibit the operation of ships, ship mechanisms, devices and technical means, and also not to issue or cancel documents permitting the operation of ships previously issued by it. 3. CONSIDERATION AND APPROVAL OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION 3.1. The River Register reviews and approves the technical documentation for the construction, re-equipment, modernization and repair of ships, the manufacture and repair of products and the manufacture of materials for installation on ships (technical designs, working documentation, specifications, standards and other regulatory and technical documents), and also approves computer programs used for the purposes of designing and operating ships. Typical lists of technical documentation submitted for approval to the River Register are given in the rules. Technical documentation is developed and submitted for consideration prior to construction (manufacturing) of the facility. Documents are submitted to the River Register in the form of originals, duplicates or copies. The documents must contain all the necessary data to verify compliance with the requirements of the rules. In case of application of fundamentally new solutions, the River Register may be submitted for consideration the terms of reference, technical proposal, draft design, as well as experimental design and research studies. Such documents are not subject to approval. Based on the results of their consideration, a Letter of Conclusion (review) of the River Register is drawn up. Approval of technical documentation by any structural subdivision of the River Register is valid for all other subdivisions of the River Register. This agreement can be (if there are grounds) canceled or changed only
3 by the subdivision that approved the documentation, as well as by a higher (by subordination) structural subdivision, the Technical documentation approved by one of the River Register subdivisions is accepted by other subdivisions for technical supervision without additional approval, if the production conditions in a particular organization do not require adjustment of this documentation Changes made to the previously agreed technical documentation must be agreed with the structural subdivision of the River Register that reviewed the technical documentation. Changes made to the working documentation in the process of its development are approved by the River Register inspection (hereinafter referred to as the inspection) that approved the working documentation. All deviations from the agreed working documentation that occurred during the construction of the ship, the manufacture, repair of the product or the manufacture of material for installation on ships, are agreed by the inspection supervising the construction of the ship, the manufacture or repair of the product or the manufacture of the material, respectively. However, this inspection retains the right to submit certain deviations of a fundamental nature for approval to that subdivision of the River Register that considered the project. The River Register does not check the correctness of performing computational operations in the calculation, including according to the programs agreed with the River Register, but considers the final results of the calculations. The calculations must be carried out in accordance with the instructions of the rules or methods agreed with the River Register. In some cases, the River Register may conduct an additional examination of the reliability of the final results of calculations. If there are solutions in the technical documentation that differ from those regulated by the rules (derogations), the design organization shall submit a list of such solutions with a statement of their essence and technical justifications. In its opinion on the project, the River Register informs on the decisions made on the list presented. Deviations not included in the list are not considered agreed, and the River Register may require their elimination at any subsequent stage of design, construction or manufacture of facilities. All documentation submitted to the River Register for consideration is confidential and can be transferred to a third party only with its written consent. owner The period of validity of the approval of the River Register for the technical documentation of the vessel is no more than 6 years. After this period, or in the event that the interval between the dates of approval of the documentation and the start of construction exceeds 3 years, the documentation is subject to adjustment in order to take into account changes in the rules that have occurred during the specified time. In justified cases, the River Register may extend the period of validity of the technical documentation without its adjustment. The scope of the adjustment must be agreed with the River Register. As a rule, approval of technical documentation for the repair, modernization and re-equipment of ships is carried out without a time limit. The approval of standards and other regulatory documents, with the exception of technical specifications for materials and products, is carried out by the River Register for the period of their validity. Specifications are agreed for 6 years. At the end of the validity period, the documentation is subject to approval by the River Register, during which its compliance with the requirements is checked current rules. 4. TECHNICAL SUPERVISION 4.1. Technical supervision is an integral part of the classification activity and includes step-by-step checks of compliance with the rules in the process of building, re-equipping, modernizing, repairing ships and their elements, manufacturing and repairing products (mechanisms, equipment, devices, supplies) and manufacturing
4 materials for installation on ships. The elements of the ship include the structural parts of the ship regulated by the rules: hull, superstructures, ship devices, equipment, supplies, fire protection equipment, engines, boilers, systems, heat exchangers, pressure vessels, deck machinery, electrical equipment, radio and navigation equipment, refrigeration units, automation equipment, hoisting devices, environmental safety equipment Technical supervision of the River Register is carried out at the request of organizations on a contractual basis taking into account specific production conditions. The contract is accompanied by a list of control checks of objects and technological operations that are mandatory for the presentation of an inspection after the control by the organization's personnel and execution of the relevant documents by them. documentation, including product quality control documents, as well as the necessary tools and overalls; 2) prepares facilities for inspections to the extent required; 3) ensure the safety of technical supervision by the inspector; 4) ensure the presence of officials authorized to present objects to the inspector for inspections; 5) notify the inspector in a timely manner of the time and place of inspections and testing of objects. If the organization fails to comply with the conditions for conducting technical supervision, the inspector has the right to refuse inspections and participation in tests, having justified his refusal in writing, the River Register may instruct the technical personnel of the organization to conduct control tests or part of them in order to verify the compliance of materials and products with the rules. In this case, the rights and obligations of the organization and the River Register are established by agreement of the parties Materials and products (objects of technical supervision, see clause 4.3 of these Regulations) are allowed to be installed on ships only if documents of the River Register or documents of another classification organization issued on behalf of the River Register are available. Register. In the absence of such an instruction, the possibility of recognizing certificates of another classification organization is the subject of special consideration by the River Register, 4. 7. By agreement with the Head Office of the River Register, instead of issuing documents of the River Register, it is allowed to confirm the documents of the manufacturer's organization for materials and products of mass production, including spare parts, by signing them by the inspector and setting his personal stamp New and for the first time presented to the River Register standard materials and products must be approved by the River Register for their intended use with the issuance of a certificate of approval of a type material or product in the manner prescribed by the rules. 5. SURVEY OF SHIPS IN OPERATION 5.1. Inspection of ships in service is an integral part of the classification activity, consists in checking the ship's compliance with the rules and includes at least: checking the availability of agreed technical documentation, certificates for materials and components, certificates of the organization's technical control service, certificates of the shipowner, certificates of previous surveys;
5 visual inspection, measurements, operation and testing; registration and issuance of documents by the River Register Each ship specified in paragraph 1.5 of these Regulations is registered with the inspection: 1) after the ship has been built; 2) after changing the home point and, in connection with this, moving to the area of activity of another inspection; 3) upon transfer to the class of the River Register from the class of another classification organization; 4) if the ship was previously deregistered or was not registered with any inspection; 5) in case of change of the shipowner The removal of the ship from the classification register of the inspection is carried out: 1) when decommissioning; 2) when relocating to a new home base in the area of activity of another inspection; 3) upon transfer to the class of another classification organization; 4) in the case when the ship has not been presented for survey for more than two years in the absence of a justified request of the shipowner; 5) when changing the shipowner. Removal of the ship from the inspection register, except for the case specified in paragraphs. 4 of paragraph 5.3, is carried out at the request of the shipowner, which must indicate the reason for deregistration of the vessel The shipowner submits the vessels registered with the River Register for survey within the time periods specified in the documents issued to the vessel by the River Register Inspection of ships, except for calls in case of emergency, it is carried out according to preliminary applications sent to the inspector or to the inspection at least a day before the survey. The inspector may refuse to survey if the ship or its element is not prepared for the survey. In this case, the inspector must state in writing (in an act or notice) the reasons for the refusal. For all types of surveys, the inspector is authorized to make decisions in accordance with the rules. Decisions that differ from those regulated by the rules must be agreed with the head of the inspectorate. The ship must keep a certificate of verification by the shipowner of the suitability of the ship for operation before starting navigation. the work necessary to determine the technical condition of the ship's elements (complete or partial dismantling of the structure, opening of the slats, lining and insulation, determining the parameters of wear and deformation, calculations, measurements, etc.) are carried out by and/or at the expense of the shipowner. In justified cases, the shipowner may, and in the cases prescribed by the rules, is obliged to entrust the fault detection of one or another element of the ship to an organization that has a certificate of recognition for the corresponding type of activity issued by the River Register. In case of discrepancy between the results of the selective control carried out by the inspector and the measurement data provided by the shipowner, the inspector has the right to demand that all necessary measurements be repeated. Adjustment and sealing of the safety valves of boilers and pressure vessels is performed by the shipowner. During all types of surveys, the shipowner and / or the ship's officers inform the inspector about all the defects noticed, cases of failure of the elements of the ship between the previous and ongoing surveys, as well as changes in the composition
6 equipment and supplies and repairs carried out during the same period, present Required documents , reports of previous surveys, technical documentation and certificates of inspections and tests of ship elements prescribed by the rules. The shipowner shall immediately notify the inspection, within the boundaries of whose activities the damage occurred, about damage to the ship, and present the ship for examination, regardless of whether the damage led to a transport accident or not. The inspection may not conduct a survey if the damage did not lead to a transport accident, decommissioning of the ship and can be eliminated on board in a short time passage in accordance with the requirements of the rules under the technical supervision of the River Register with issuance of a certificate for a one-time passage. with the requirements of the rules, the availability of information on the stability and floodability of the ship The ship may be recognized by the River Register as suitable for the carriage of goods not provided for by the ship's documents, if the shipowner submits technical documentation confirming the possibility of safe transportation of this cargo and containing a description of additional structural measures, ways of securing the cargo, additions to the instructions for loading and unloading, as well as information on the stability and unsinkability of the ship, Any changes related to the materials, products and structure of the ship, which are subject to the requirements of the rules, are agreed with the River Register before they are implemented. 6. DOCUMENTS OF THE RIVER REGISTER 6.1. When carrying out classification activities, the River Register issues documents prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation and the rules. The River Register documents are issued based on the positive results of the survey of the object. Main Directorate of samples of forms, stamps and seals In case of disagreement with the decision of the inspector, the shipowner or organization may appeal to the head of the inspectorate. The decision of the head of the inspectorate may be appealed to the Main Department of the River Register with the submission of justifications and a copy of the decision of the head of the inspectorate. The decision of the Main Directorate may be appealed to the federal executive authority in the field of transport or the arbitration court. 7. PRINCIPLES OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF VESSELS 7.1. The class of a ship is determined by a set of conventional symbols assigned to a ship during its classification and characterizing the design features of the ship and the conditions of its operation in accordance with the rules based on safety requirements. The classification of ships is carried out in accordance with the classification of water basins. are classified according to the categories "L", "R", "O" and "M" depending on their wind wave regime based on the following conditions: 1) in the pools of discharges "L", "R" and "O" waves 1% - height security
7, respectively, 0.6, 1.2 and 2.0 m have a total repeatability (probability) of no more than 4% of the navigation time; 2) in the pools of the "M" category, waves with a 3% probability of a height of 3.0 m have a total repeatability (probability) of no more than 4% of the navigation time. Estuary sections with a maritime navigation regime start from the border of inland waterways. In these sections, the operation of vessels of all types is allowed in accordance with the rules and class of the vessel. Lists of inland water basins of Russia, depending on their category, as well as sea areas in which the operation of ships of mixed (river-sea) navigation is allowed, and the conditions for the operation of ships are established by the rules. The main symbols in the formula for the class of inland navigation ships are the letters "L", "R ”, “O” and “M”, which determine the design features of the vessel and the category of the water basin in which its operation is allowed. The main symbols in the formula for the class of vessels of mixed (river-sea) navigation are the letter combinations "O-PR", "M-PR" and "M-SP", which determine the design features of the vessel and the conditions of its operation in sea areas. The characteristics of the standard wave heights in relation to the main symbol of the class of the ship are given in Appendix 2 to this Regulation Depending on design features of a vessel, the main symbol of the class in the class formula shall be supplemented with the following symbols: 1) for ships built under the technical supervision of the River Register or another classification organization recognized by the River Register, the symbol that is placed before the main symbol, for example, "O"; 2) immediately after the main symbol of the class, the wave height allowed during operation in meters is entered with an accuracy of the first decimal place, for example, "01.5". For high speed craft: gliders, hydrofoils (SPK), hovercraft (Hovercraft), as well as ekranoplanes, wave height restrictions are written as a fraction, the numerator of which indicates the wave height when the vessel is moving in a displacement state, and the denominator in the operational mode . After the fraction, the type of vessel is indicated according to the principle of movement, for example, “Р1.2 / 0.8 glider”, “О2.0 / 1.2 SPK”, “О2.0 / 1.5 SVP”, “Р 1.2 / 0.4 ekranoplan"; 3) for ships with special ice reinforcements, after the wave height, the word “ice” enclosed in brackets and the thickness of the small broken winter ice in centimeters, established by the River Register when approving the ship's design, for example, "O (ice 20)". The word "icebreaker" is introduced into the formula for the class of icebreakers; 4) for ships equipped with automation equipment in accordance with the rules, after all the symbols specified in subparagraphs 1 3 of this paragraph, the letter “A” is entered, for example, “O 2.0 (ice 20) A”; 5) if the ship or its individual elements do not fully comply with the rules, have not been tested by operational practice, but are admitted to operation by the River Register as experimental for the purpose of their study and verification, the symbol “E” is entered in the class formula before the symbol, for example, “E O2.0 (ice 20) A". If the results of tests, operation and surveys of a ship with an experimental class are satisfactory, the symbol “E” may be excluded from the class formula The River Register may exclude or change this or that symbol in the class formula in case of a change or violation of the conditions that served as the basis for introducing this symbol into the class formula River The Register assigns a class to a ship during the initial survey, confirms, renews or restores it during other types of surveys. Assignment, renewal or restoration of a class to a ship is certified by a classification certificate issued to the ship. The class of a ship permanently operated in a basin of a given category must not be lower than the category of this basin. V
8 basin of a higher category, subject to the fulfillment of additional requirements for the design, freeboard, equipment, supplies, as well as restrictions on the navigation area, wind and wave regime, seasonality, ice conditions, etc. The River Register, at the request of the shipowner, reclassifies ships in case the need to change the main symbol of the class in the formula of the class or type and purpose of the ship Works to prepare the ship for reclassification with an increase in class and / or in connection with a change in the type and purpose of the ship should be carried out in accordance with the technical documentation agreed with the River Register, and under its technical observation. Calculations and checks should be carried out in accordance with the rules in force at the time of the development of the technical documentation for reclassification, and should be focused on new operating conditions due to changes in external loads, technical characteristics (draft, displacement, freeboard), type of cargo carried and etc.
9 APPENDIX 1 GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING TOWNTIME Tonnage is the gross tonnage of the ship. Gross tonnage of inland navigation vessels GT in registered tons is determined by the formula: GT = V / 2.83, where V is the gross tonnage, m 3, determined by measuring all the premises of the vessel or calculated by the formula: V LBT LB (H T), lbh where L and B the length and width of the vessel along the design waterline, m; H side height, m; T draft of the vessel along the design waterline, m; coefficient of completeness of displacement; coefficient of completeness of the design waterline; l, b, h, respectively, the average length, width and height of superstructures or deckhouses, m. gross tonnage volumes of the wheelhouse, galleys, lavatories, all skylights and similar shallow cabins are not included. The gross tonnage of ships of mixed (river-sea) navigation is determined in accordance with the rules for measuring ships contained in Appendix 1 to the International Convention on the Measurement of Ships, 1969. APPENDIX 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF REGULATORY HEIGHTS OF THE SHIPS WITH RESPECT TO THE MAIN SYMBOL OF THE CLASS OF THE SHIP The main symbol of the class Standard wave height, m Provision of wave heights, % "L" 0.6 1 "R" 1.2 1 "O" 2.0 1 "M" 3 .0 3 "O-PR" 2.0 3 "M-PR" 2.5 3 "M-SP" 3.5 3 Total frequency, % Director General of the Russian River Register N.A. Efremov
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PR 50.2.009-94 RULES ON METROLOGY STATE SYSTEM OF ENSURING THE UNITY OF MEASUREMENTS PROCEDURE FOR TESTING AND APPROVAL OF THE TYPE OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS FOREWORD Introduction date 1994.03.01 DEVELOPED
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 18, 2009 427 On the procedure for conducting a verification of the reliability of determining the estimated cost of capital construction projects, the construction of which is financed from
APPROVED By the decision of the extraordinary general meeting of the self-regulatory organization of the Non-profit partnership "Builders of the Urals" Minutes 5 dated May 13, 2010
Document provided by ConsultantPlus Registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on October 30, 2017 N 48733 MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ORDER dated May 19, 2017 N 191
1 Draft PROCEDURE for carrying out work on certification of organizations engaged in the manufacture of aviation equipment civil purpose I. General Provisions Applicability 1. This Procedure is based on
The main documents regulating the expert evaluation of ships in Ukraine are:
1. Russian river register
Rules for the classification and construction of inland navigation vessels.
Publishing house Marine engineering service M.1995 volumes 1,2,3.
2. Order of the Goflotnadzor of Ukraine dated August 13, 1997 No. 46 “On the introduction into effect in Ukraine of the Rules of the Russian River Register, ed. 1995 from 1.09.97 years.
3. Instructions for filling out documents of the Russian River Register compiled during the classification and technical supervision of ships.
The main and spare steering gears must be checked from both the main and emergency power sources.
2. - when surveying the anchor device, attention should be paid to the conformity of the type of anchors, as well as the caliber of the chains to the project, the reliability of the anchor chains, the possibility of quick release and the condition of the locking devices.
Anchor devices should be tested in operation by simultaneously lifting two hanging anchors.
You should also check the operation of the remote anchor release device.
3. - when surveying the anchor device oil tankers intended for the transportation of petroleum products with a vapor flash point below 60 ° C, it is necessary to check the tightness of the chain boxes and the possibility of filling them with water.
4. - In case of replacement of anchors or chains, it is necessary to check the presence of factory certificates and hallmarks.
5. - Lifeboats and lifeboats must be visually checked and tested by launching and recovering lifeboats fully equipped. The completeness of lifeboat supplies and the presence of lifeboat test stamps should also be checked.
6. When surveying coupling devices, attention should be paid to the state of reinforcement of the hull structures of the coupling beam, foundation and lock head, connecting rod, bolted connections of the suspension plate to the foundation. When inspecting two-lock automatic couplers, it is necessary to pay attention to the condition of the lock body, holder, release device and other parts and assemblies accessible for inspection.
When inspecting rope devices, one should also check the condition of the ropes, their connections, the rope-shortening and tensioning devices and the fastening of these devices to the ship's hull.
It should also be checked that the ship has a certificate of control coupling and uncoupling before starting navigation.
7. When surveying the towing device, it is necessary to check the condition of the towing hook, towing rope, towing bollards, the reliability of their fastening to the ship's hull and the condition of the restrictive devices. You should also check the mobility of the towing hook with a rope attached to it, the return of the towing rope from the hook, the device for remote release of the hook from the wheelhouse, the operation of the towing winch for selecting and etching the rope from remote and local control stations, disconnecting the drum from the self-braking drive and free bleed of the rope, operation of mechanisms, brakes and electrical equipment of the winch.
8. When surveying signal means, it is necessary to check the compliance of signal and distinguishing lights, sound and pyrotechnic means with the requirements of the Rules. Lanterns and sound devices are tested in action.
9. The condition of the closures, equipment of the premises and the means of protecting the crew and passengers should be checked by external inspection. The appraiser is obliged to check the act of testing for tightness of closures cargo hatches and deck closures.
10. When surveying the ship's equipment, the appraiser is obliged to check the compliance of the rescue, navigation and emergency equipment with the established standards or with the list provided for assessment. The condition of the supply should be checked by visual inspection. Re-examination of inflatable liferafts should be carried out by stations of inflatable life-saving appliances annually, as well as in cases of falling into the water, actuation of the gas filling system and detection of damage. Rafts are subject to re-examination and assessment complete with containers and hydrostats.
11. When surveying a wing assembly, it is necessary to check the condition of the welds and surfaces of the wings, flaps, struts, and brackets, the reliability of fastening the wings and flaps to the brackets and the brackets to the hull,
12. When evaluating ships for further use for their intended purpose and conclusion of sales contracts, the annex to the expert assessment should include documents on the next survey of devices, equipment and supplies:
a) - the act of testing lifeboats and air boxes for tightness;
b) - an act on testing the air boxes of rafts, tables, benches for impenetrability;
c) - an act on testing life jackets and bibs for strength and buoyancy.
d) an act on testing cargo hatch closures and deck closures for tightness.
Passports and certificates for equipment, supplies, chains and ropes of steering, anchor, boat devices, foundation bolts of auto couplers and bolts of wing devices, if these parts were replaced during the repair.
fire protection
During the expert assessment of fire protection, depending on the class and type of the vessel, the experts are offered for assessment and certification:
Structural fire protection: fire-resistant and fire-retarding bulkheads and closing of openings in them, fire doors, equipment for storage of fuel and other combustible materials, installations operating on liquefied gas and premises for them, premises for them, premises for the demonstration of films, laying of fire hazardous pipelines, special systems of oil tankers for fire prevention (gas removal, spark extinguishing, ventilation of fire hazardous compartments and rooms, smoke, irrigation, etc.)
Systems of fire, water, steam, foam extinguishing, carbon dioxide extinguishing, extinguishing with vapors of volatile liquids (liquid extinguishing);
Fire alarm;
Fire fighting equipment.
Inspection of fire protection equipment and reflection in the expert assessment report.
When evaluating fire-fighting equipment, the appraiser in the report must pay attention to the following points:
The survey of fire protection elements should be carried out simultaneously with the survey of the hull.;
When inspecting the fire extinguishing system, fire alarms, remote control systems for fire doors must be checked in operation in order to determine their readiness for immediate use and their serviceability;
In a water extinguishing system, the water pressure from any fire hydrant should be checked at maximum flow water, taking into account its consumption for foam extinguishing, irrigation and other needs;
The steam extinguishing system must be checked in operation by a test run of steam into protected premises;
The foam extinguishing system must be tested in operation with water without the addition of a foaming agent;
The carbon dioxide extinguishing system must be tested in operation with compressed air. Water tests are also allowed. The presence of carbon dioxide in cylinders should be checked according to the act of weighing, the permissible deviation from the mass of carbon dioxide in cylinders should not exceed + - 10% of the data provided for in the passport;
The extinguishing system with vapors of volatile liquids (liquid extinguishing system) must be checked against measuring devices. In the absence of measuring devices, weighing certificates must be provided.
The exhaust system must be checked by selectively opening individual valves, flame interrupters and breathing devices.
The inert gas system must be checked by selectively opening the individual valves of the flame arresters and also in operation. The effectiveness of the operation of the inert gas installation must be confirmed by the data of the laboratory with the issuance of an act on the ship with the results of stable parameters in accordance with the technical specifications for the installation;
It is necessary to check the completeness of the fire fighting equipment and its expiration date.
It is also possible in this section to highlight issues related to the material of pipelines and fittings, in the Annexes to present acts of hydraulic tests (they are carried out at least once every 8 years).
Inspection of systems and pipelines and reflection in the peer review report.
The following general ship systems are subject to expert assessment with reflection in the report: drainage, ballast, hydraulic, cargo and cleaning systems of oil tankers, ventilation systems, steam heating and utility steam supply, waste, air, overflow, measuring and systems with toxic agents.
Malfunctions of ship systems do not affect the assessment of the technical condition of the vessel, however, when assessing ships, it is necessary to take into account and reflect in the report the condition of systems and pipelines.
Inspection of ship systems and pipelines is carried out
simultaneously with the survey of the hull:
External inspection of systems is carried out in accessible places;
The drainage system should be checked by test pumping water from the compartments of the hull;
When surveying ballast systems, it is necessary to check the filling and emptying of ballast tanks;
When surveying the cargo systems of oil tankers, it is necessary to carry out an external inspection of pipelines in accessible places, check pumps (turning them on and off), valves (opening and closing).
The engine room ventilation system shall be tested in operation by starting and stopping the fans from local and remote control stations. (It is also possible to obtain certificates for the materials used, acts of hydraulic tests.
Hydraulic tests of drainage and ballast systems, steam heating systems and hydraulic drive are carried out once every 8 years, and for cargo systems of oil tankers after 4 years.
Inspection of mechanical installations and reflection
in the peer review report.
An appraiser performing an expert appraisal of ships must conduct an expert appraisal of ship mechanical installations, machinery space equipment, shaft lines and propellers, as well as technological economic and household mechanisms.
1. The appraiser inspects the mechanisms in accessible places and checks them for 1-4 hours in various modes.
2. The shipowner is obliged to provide the appraiser with passports and forms of mechanisms with data on the number of hours worked by the main and auxiliary mechanisms, the results of measurements of crankshafts, measurements of connecting rod bolts, and other critical parts, as well as the results of thermal engineering control of the engine.
3. When surveying and testing mechanical installations, it is necessary to check in operation in various modes the main and auxiliary engines, shaft lines, systems and devices, service mechanisms, as well as means of communication between the engine room and the wheelhouse. It is necessary to check whether this or that operating mechanism is a source of increased vibration of the body, other mechanisms or equipment.
4. The appraiser must check the operating parameters of the engine (speed, oil and cooling water pressure, exhaust gas temperature), the value of which should not exceed the limits set by the manufacturer.
5. Inspection and testing of remote or remote automatic control systems, as well as alarm systems should be carried out as for automation equipment, which will be considered as a separate issue.
6. The evaluation of the technical condition of the mechanical installation is established according to the worst estimate, determined by the following normalized parameters: - wear of the main and connecting rod journals of the crankshafts (deviation in cylindricity) and beating of the main journals of the crankshafts ( See table 9) ; - for damage to the main fixed and moving parts:
When writing off or selling for scrap, the appraiser indicates the following possible damage:
Destruction, cracks, scoring, as well as deformations and wear of the crankshafts, exceeding for any of the shafts the deformations presented in the table, in the column "limited fit", as well as the spalls of the crankshafts, exceeding the maximum allowable, established by the manufacturer, and in the absence of such data exceeding 0.00025 S, where S is the piston stroke in mm;
Reducing the diameter of the crankshaft journals due to wear or grooves below the smallest limit size established by the manufacturer's documents, and in the absence of more than 0.04d, where d is the nominal journal diameter in mm .;
Destruction, scoring, cracks and residual deformations in the main moving parts: shafts, connecting rods, rods, rods, balancers, gears, couplings;
Destruction, cracks, through shells or chipping in the details of the skeleton: frames, blocks, parallels and beds.
Destruction, cracks, as well as wear of the teeth of the main gears, exceeding that established by the manufacturer or exceeding 0.2 m, where m is the engagement modulus;
Reducing the diameter of the shafts of the shafting due to wear or grooves, exceeding 0.04 of the original diameter;
Deviation from the cylindricality of the working journals of the shafting shafts, exceeding the maximum allowable values of 0.002 of the initial diameter of the journal;
Breakage as well as deflection or incorrect laying of the propeller, intermediate and thrust shafts.
Inspection of boilers installed on ships,
and reflected in the peer review report.
The appraiser very rarely conducts or requires an internal survey or hydraulic testing of the boiler plant, most often only an external survey is required, which consists in checking the condition of the boiler, pipelines and all boiler equipment during operation of the boiler, namely:
Check the water level in the boiler by purging the channels of the gauge glass with steam and water, as well as purging the test taps;
Check the correctness of drawing risks on the stopper of the boiler pressure gauge tap;
Check the operation of nutrient devices (feed pumps, injectors, automatic feeders, cationite filters and other installations) and bottom and top blowdown valves;
By opening the doors of the chimney and fireboxes, make sure that there are no leaks, steaming and bulging in the firing parts accessible for inspection, and also check the condition of the brickwork of the firebox; the design of the chimney and doors should exclude the passage of gases and air leakage;
make sure that the drive for manual detonation of the safety valves, remote drives of the fuel and stop valves are in good condition;
Check the condition of the insulation of the boiler and steam pipelines;
Pay attention to the general condition of fuel storages, fuel lines, fuel pumps, injectors.
During an external survey, it is necessary to check the correct installation and operation of boiler fittings, adjustment and sealing of safety valves;
Check the tightness of the connections of steam pipelines and fittings, make sure that there are no leaks, steaming and boiling that prevent the valves from opening or closing, check the reliability of the operation of remote actuators of stop valves.
When surveying boiler automation, you should:
Check the correct operation of the automatic combustion control and boiler power supply system;
Make sure that the operation of the automation means of other systems and devices servicing the boiler plant, automatic control of the water level in the warm box, automatic ignition of the nozzle, fuel temperature (viscosity) regulators, automatic control of the fuel level in the service tank, etc.;
Check the operation of the means of emergency warning and automatic protection of the boiler by turning Special attention to actuate the nozzle extinguishing system when the water level drops below the permissible level;
Make sure that all devices that control the operation of the boiler are in good condition.
Assessment of the technical condition of the boiler.
Determination of wear is carried out upon receipt of measurements and inspection, operation is prohibited:
If wear and defects exceed those given in (See Table No. 10) in the column "limited fit";
If there are leaks in the seams that are not amenable to chasing or welding, as well as “wet” cracks in the parts of the boiler, including the lintels of the tube sheets;
In case of warping of tube sheets with a deflection arrow of more than the thickness of the sheet in cases of setting tubes for welding and more than half the thickness of the sheet - in cases of setting tubes using rolling;
When the ellipticity of the holes of the tube sheet is more than 2% of the outer diameter of the pipe;
with unsatisfactory tests and studies of the boiler metal.
Evaluation of pipelines and pressure vessels (tanks, pneumatic tanks for sanitary and other systems) installed on ships,
Internal survey and hydraulic tests are carried out by the inspection about which the relevant acts are drawn up. The appraiser performs an external survey of pressure vessels and pipelines in order to check the condition of the external surfaces.
The presence and condition of safety devices and control devices, the tightness of the connection of individual parts of the valve.
Safety valves must be adjusted so that the excess pressure in the vessel when the valve is actuated does not exceed 10% of the working pressure. Safety valves installed after the pressure reducing valves must be adjusted to a pressure exceeding the working one by 0.1-0.2 MPa.
After each operation, the safety valve must close at a pressure of at least 85% of the working pressure.
If the safety valves fail, the pressure vessels are not allowed to work. (The shipowner must provide annual air test reports).
General approaches and techniques that are used in the evaluation of ships, depending on the purpose of the evaluation.
In the expert evaluation of ships, depending on the purpose of the evaluation, three generally recognized methods of evaluation are used:
1. For purchase and sale agreements, redemption:
Sales analogue method
Cost method.
2. For entering into UV enterprises, rent:
Sales analogue method
Profitability valuation method (by business).
3. For auctions, competitions:
Cost method
Yield method.
4. Merger and division of business partnerships with all forms of ownership:
Sales analogue method;
Yield method:
cost method.
5. When pledging, insurance
Analog sales method (30-50%) of the cost
6, When selling for scrap metal, write-off.
The cost method, taking into account the coefficients of economic depreciation, when selling at a residual value to non-residents of Ukraine, it is necessary to take into account permits issued by the relevant services for the export of non-ferrous metals. (more often sold as fit or limited fit).
When determining the method of analogues sales must be taken into account!. Date of sale - fluctuation rate of hard currency;
Season (spring, summer, winter, autumn)
Demand and supply market;, the cost of export customs duties, restrictions on the export of ships.
Offers on world markets - quotation.
When determined by the Cost Method:
replacement cost, all types of depreciation (mainly physical depreciation), residual value are determined. Economic depreciation is determined for the valuation of vessels for which there are buyers and the valuation is made to order.
We are accustomed to calling ourselves earthlings, and this is natural - after all, a person lives on a solid earthly surface. Yes, and how else? After all, every day we see the land under our feet, every day we walk on it and, thus, we closely associate ourselves with the processes taking place on it or in its immediate vicinity, including, we calculate and install refrigeration units for the conditions of "absence pitching".
However, the coast of the Russian Federation is washed by 13 seas, and on these water areas the "refrigeration" life continues, no less important than on land. This life is associated with refrigeration units designed for cooling cargo holds, as well as cargo chambers of portable refrigerated containers transported on a ship, which must meet all the requirements of the Rules of the RUSSIAN RIVER REGISTER.
9 REFRIGERATION UNITS
9.1 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
9.1.1 The requirements of this Section of the Rules apply to ship refrigeration units and their equipment.
9.1.2 Refrigerating installations intended for cooling cargo holds, as well as cargo chambers of portable refrigerated containers transported on a ship, must meet all the requirements of this Section of the Rules.
9.1.3 Refrigeration plants not listed in 9.1.2 shall meet the requirements of:
9.2.2, 9.3.2, 9.7.1, 9.7.3-9.7.7, 9.8.1-9.8.5, 9.9.4, 9.9.8, 9.9.10, 9.10.3, 9.11, 9.12.2, 9.12.5, 9.13.1, 9.13.2, 9.13.4,
9.14.1, 9.15.2, 9.16.3, 9.16.5, 9.16.6, 9.17.2, 9.18.3, 9.18.4.3, 9.18.8, 9.20.3, 9.20.4, 9.21.2 - only for equipment operating under refrigerant pressure, and 9.21.3, 9.21.6, 9.22.1 of this Section of the Rules.
9.2 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
9.2.1 The elements of the refrigeration plant must remain operational in the conditions of pitching and trim in accordance with 1.3.
9.2.2 The equipment included in the refrigeration plant should be installed on board in accordance with 1.10.2, 1.10.3, 1.10.5, 7.4.2.
9.3 REFRIGERANTS AND DESIGN PRESSURES
9.3.1 In this Regulation, refrigerants are divided into the following three groups:
I - non-flammable refrigerants;
II - toxic and flammable refrigerants with a lower flammability limit at a volume concentration of refrigerant vapor in the air of 3.5% or more;
III - explosive or flammable refrigerants having a lower flammability limit at a volume concentration of refrigerant vapor in the air of less than 3.5%.
Group III refrigerants are allowed by the River Register to be used only for refrigerating systems of ships carrying liquefied gases in bulk, using cargo as a refrigerant.
9.3.2
When calculating the strength of elements operating under pressure of a refrigerant, it is necessary to take as a calculated pressure not lower than the excess pressure of saturated vapors of the refrigerant at 50 ° C, as indicated in Table. 9.3.2. For refrigeration equipment operating under the pressure of refrigerants with low (below 50 °C) critical temperatures, the design pressure is subject to special consideration by the River Register. Pressure elements of refrigerating installations shall be subjected to a strength verification calculation at a pressure equal to the test pressure during hydraulic tests (see 9.21.2). In this case, stresses should not exceed 0.9 of the yield strength of the material.
Table 9.3.2
| Refrigerant group | Symbol | Chemical formula | Design pressure |
| R134* | C 2 H 2 F 4 | 1,2 | |
| R22 | CHF2Cl | 2,0 | |
| R125** | C2HF6 | 2,0 | |
| R717 | NH 3 (ammonia) | 2,0 | |
| R290 | C 3 H 8 (propane) | 1,6 | |
| R1270 | C 3 H 6 (propylene) | 2,0 |
* Instead of R12, which is not allowed for new installations.
** At moderate condensing temperatures instead of R22, which is not allowed for new installations from 01/01/2020.
9.4 COOLING CAPACITY AND EQUIPMENT COMPOSITION
9.4.1 The refrigeration unit must ensure constant maintenance in the refrigerated rooms of the temperature required by the type of cargo carried and the area of navigation under normal operating conditions of the ship.
9.4.2 The refrigeration plant must ensure that the required temperatures are maintained during the operation of the main equipment for all cold consumers at an outdoor air temperature of at least 40 ° C and an outside water temperature of at least 30 ° C.
9.4.3 The drive power, cooling capacity, surface areas of evaporators, air cooler condensers, as well as the surface area of cooling batteries with the coolant circulating in them must be sufficient to maintain regulated temperatures in the refrigerated premises with continuous operation of the main equipment for 24 hours a day and provide cold to other consumers.
The main equipment must include at least two identical condensers and, in the case of using intermediate refrigerant systems or cascade and stage cycles, two identical evaporators, interstage heat exchangers and intermediate vessels.
9.4.4 The drive power, cooling capacity and surface areas listed in 9.4.3 of a refrigeration plant, also intended for cooling cargo on board that has not been previously cooled, shall be sufficient to cool the cargo to the regulated temperature during the time during which its safety is ensured, with continuous operation. all equipment, including backup.
9.4.5 The standby equipment of the compressor refrigeration plant must consist of a compressor with a drive motor, a condenser, a control system and fittings necessary to ensure the independent operation of all equipment devices.
The refrigeration capacity of the standby equipment should be such that in the event of a failure of any one main compressor or condenser, all consumers are provided with cold.
9.4.6 On ships with a capacity of refrigerated holds of not more than 300 m3, it is allowed to use a refrigeration unit without redundant equipment. The cooling capacity and cooling surface area of the installation must be sufficient to maintain regulated temperatures when the equipment is in operation for 18 hours a day.
9.4.7 Connections of the piping system between the elements of the refrigeration plant must be such that the plant can operate with any combination of equipment. Heat exchangers and other devices must be equipped with devices for connecting suction and discharge pipelines, which ensure the pumping of the refrigerant and its removal from the device.
9.4.8 Cooling coils must be located so that uniform cooling of the room is ensured.
Batteries must consist of at least two independent sections, each of which must be disconnectable. Cooling coils with direct evaporation of group II refrigerant are not allowed.
9.4.9 When using a pumped refrigerant circulation system, it is necessary to provide for the installation of at least two refrigerant circulation pumps, one of which is standby.
If the pumping system can run with the pump switched off, it is not necessary to install a standby pump. In this case, the refrigeration capacity of the plant shall meet the requirements of 9.4.1 and the refrigeration capacity of freezers or agents shall not be reduced by more than 20%.
9.4.10 The liquid refrigerant system of the cold consumer group must have at least two liquid refrigerant pumps, one of which must be standby.
With two or more groups of cold consumers with independent liquid coolant systems (with different temperatures), each group must have at least one liquid coolant pump; the backup pump may be a common pump of the corresponding flow and pressure.
9.4.11 The refrigeration plant must have at least two cooling water circulation pumps, one of which must be standby. As a backup, any ship's sea water pump with sufficient flow and pressure can be used.
9.4.12 Cooling water must be supplied from at least two kingstones. When using kingstones for general ship purposes, sufficient water supply from each kingstone under normal operating conditions of the ship must be ensured.
9.5 MATERIALS
9.5.1 The quality and main characteristics of materials used for the manufacture of parts, assemblies and fasteners of refrigeration equipment operating under conditions of application of dynamic loads, overpressures, the action of variables and low temperatures, must meet the relevant requirements of Part V of the PSEP.
Materials should be selected depending on the operating temperature and the physico-chemical properties of the refrigerant:
.1 materials of equipment parts in contact with refrigerants and their solutions, lubricating oils, cooling and cooled media must be neutral with respect to them and resistant to the aggressive effects of these media;
.2 materials of equipment parts operating at low temperatures should not have irreversible structural changes and should retain sufficient strength at low operating temperatures;
.3 steel structures operating at temperatures up to -50 ° C must meet the requirements of 3.3.7 part V of PSVP;
.4 materials of equipment parts operating at temperatures below -50 °C are subject to special consideration by the River Register.
9.5.2 The materials of parts of the equipment that come into contact with corrosive media must be made of materials that have sufficient corrosion resistance to these media, or must have anti-corrosion coatings.
Units and structures of mechanisms and devices that are made of materials with different electrolytic potential and that can come into contact with sea water must be protected from electrochemical corrosion.
9.5.3 Steel pipes for refrigerant, liquid refrigerant and connecting parts of these pipes, which are not made of stainless steel, must be galvanized on the outside or have an equivalent anti-corrosion protection on the outside. Surfaces in contact with refrigerant or coolant liquid must not be galvanized.
9.6 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
9.6.1 The electrical equipment of refrigeration units, automatic devices, as well as the lighting of refrigeration machine compartments, refrigerant storage rooms and refrigerated rooms, must meet the applicable requirements of part IV of the PSEP.
9.7 CHILLER COMPARTMENT
9.7.1 The department of refrigerating machines must meet the requirements of 1.8.1, 1.8.7 and this chapter.
Chillers using refrigerants of groups II and III should be installed in separate sealed rooms.
Drainage of the refrigerating machine compartment shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of 10.7.34.
9.7.2 Pumps, compressors, devices and pipelines should be placed in the refrigeration machine compartment so that their convenient maintenance is ensured, as well as the possibility of replacing parts without removing pumps, compressors, devices from the foundation. In this case, the listed and other equipment must be installed at a distance of at least 100 mm from bulkheads of rooms and surfaces of neighboring devices.
9.7.3 The refrigerating machine compartment should have two exits with doors opening outward and spaced as far apart as possible. If the compartment of refrigerating machines is located above or below the open deck, then the exits from it must be equipped with steel ladders leading to the doors of the rooms from which there are exits to the open deck.
Compartments of automated refrigeration machines, in which a constant watch is not provided, in the case of using a group I refrigerant, may not have a second exit.
9.7.4 The exits from the compartment of refrigerating machines using refrigerants of groups II and III should not lead to residential and service premises or in rooms connected with it. One of the exits should lead to the open deck.
Exits with corridors or shafts must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation, and supply ventilation must be artificial. A device to activate this ventilation must be located outside and inside the refrigerator compartment in close proximity to the exit door.
9.7.5 The exits from the department of refrigerating machines using refrigerants of groups II and III must have a device for creating water curtains. The device for turning on the water curtains must be located outside in close proximity to the exit door.
In the department of refrigeration machines, it is necessary to have a fire hydrant with a hose from the water fire extinguishing system.
9.7.6 The compartment of refrigeration machines must have autonomous ventilation, providing 10-fold air exchange per hour.
9.7.7 In addition to the main ventilation that meets the requirements of 9.7.6, each compartment of refrigerating machines shall be equipped with emergency ventilation providing:
30-fold air exchange per hour for compartments of refrigeration machines using refrigerants of groups II and III;
20 air changes per hour for refrigeration machine compartments using Group I refrigerants.
Depending on the density of the refrigerant, the ventilation system must ensure that air is removed from the uppermost or lower parts premises.
When calculating the emergency ventilation system, it is allowed to take into account the supply of fans of the main ventilation, provided that in the event of a power failure of the switchboard of refrigeration machines, the main ventilation can operate in conjunction with the emergency one.
9.8 REFRIGERANT STORAGE ROOMS
9.8.1 Premises for storing refrigerant reserves must be separated from other premises, and their location on the ship, as well as the design of enclosing surfaces, must meet the requirements of Sec. 9 hours I PSVP.
Refrigerant storage areas must be gas-tight.
When storing small stocks of group I refrigerant, deviations from the stated requirements are allowed upon agreement with the River Register.
9.8.2 The refrigerant vessels must be secured so that they cannot move when rocking.
Between the lining of the pantry room and the vessels, as well as between individual vessels, non-metallic gaskets must be laid.
9.8.3 Premises for storing refrigerant stocks shall be provided with independent ventilation and insulated in such a way that the temperature in them cannot exceed 45 °C.
9.8.4 In the room where the refrigerant supply is stored, it is not allowed to store vessels with other compressed gases. Flammable materials should not be used for the room equipment.
9.8.5 It is allowed to store refrigerant reserves in stationary vessels (receivers), provided that the vessels and the premises in which they are located meet the requirements of 9.7.5, 9.7.7, 9.13.1, 9.13.2, 9.13.4, 9.16.5, 9.16.6.
It should be possible to remove the refrigerant of group II from the supply pipeline of each vessel after the completion of filling the system or after its periodic recharging.
Expendable pipelines from vessels intended for storage of refrigerant should not be laid through residential and service premises.
9.9 REFRIGERATED CARGO SPACES
9.9.1 Refrigeration equipment, batteries, appliances, as well as pipelines and air ducts located in refrigerated rooms must be securely fastened and protected from damage by the load.
9.9.2 Air coolers of air cooling systems can be installed both in separate rooms and in cargo cooled rooms. When located in cargo refrigerated spaces, air coolers must be equipped with a condensate collector. For refrigerated rooms with sub-zero temperatures, condensate collectors are recommended to be heated.
It is not allowed to use air coolers with direct evaporation of refrigerant group II.
9.9.3 Access to air coolers of air-cooled systems must be ensured when the cargo space is fully loaded. If this requirement cannot be met, access to the air coolers from uncooled neighboring spaces should be provided. The opening for passage into the room of air coolers must be sized to allow the fan impeller and electric motor to pass through it.
9.9.4 When passing air-cooling ducts through impervious bulkheads, it is necessary to install clinkets on the latter, designed for the same pressure as the bulkhead. Clinket management should be displayed in available seats above the freeboard deck.
9.9.5 For the carriage of goods, the preservation of which requires a change of air in refrigerated cargo spaces, a ventilation system must be provided to ensure the supply of clean outdoor air (cooled or heated) to the spaces.
9.9.6 Each inlet and outlet located in the bulkheads or enclosures of refrigerated cargo spaces shall be provided with an airtight closing device.
9.9.7 Air ducts passing through refrigerated spaces to other spaces must be airtight and carefully insulated.
9.9.8 If air cooling of cargo holds with direct evaporation of group II refrigerant in air coolers is used for refrigeration units, an independent ventilation system must be provided for each or several such holds.
9.9.9 Cooled rooms should be equipped with telethermometric devices. If they are not available, cooled rooms must be equipped with two (or more) thermometric pipes with a diameter of at least 50 mm.
Sections of thermometric pipes passing through uncooled spaces must be carefully insulated.
9.9.10 Dehumidification of refrigerated spaces must be carried out in accordance with 10.7.40-10.7.43.
9.10 FREEZERS AND COOLERS
9.10.1 The location of air coolers and fans in freezers shall comply with the requirements of 9.9.1 and 9.9.3.
9.10.2 In the department of refrigeration machines, devices must be installed to control the operation of freezing and cooling devices operating on a direct evaporation system.
9.10.3 If the freezing chamber uses a group II direct evaporation system, emergency exhaust ventilation must be provided, and the chamber must be airtight.
9.10.4 The fittings of pipelines leading inside the chamber must be located outside the chamber.
9.11 ROOMS WITH TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT
9.11.1 Placement of compressors, pumps, apparatus and vessels operating under refrigerant pressure outside the compartments of refrigerating machines is in each case a subject of special consideration by the River Register.
9.11.2 In rooms with technological equipment operating on a group II refrigerant direct evaporation system, it is necessary to have a fire hydrant with a hose from the water fire extinguishing system.
9.11.3 Premises with technological equipment must have autonomous ventilation. In addition to the main ventilation, in rooms with process equipment operating on a direct evaporation system, emergency ventilation should be provided.
The air exchange rate of the main and emergency ventilation systems must meet the requirements of 9.7.6 and 9.7.7.
9.11.4 In rooms with technological equipment operating on a system of direct evaporation of refrigerant groups II and III, two exits must be provided in accordance with 9.7.3 and 9.7.4. When using refrigerant group 11, the outlets must have devices for creating water curtains. The device for turning on the water curtains must be located outside the room in close proximity to the exit door.
9.12 COMPRESSORS, PUMPS, FANS
9.12.1 Compressors must meet the requirements of 7.6.8, 7.7 and this section.
9.12.2 The strength of compressor parts operating under conditions of application of dynamic loads and overpressures shall be calculated based on the design pressures in accordance with 9.3.2.
9.12.3 Compressors on the suction and discharge sides of the refrigerant must have shut-off valves, regardless of the presence of valves that are automatically controlled.
9.12.4 The cavities for refrigerant, oil and cooling water must be equipped with drains where necessary.
9.12.5 On the discharge side of the intermediate and final compression stages of the compressor, between the discharge cavity and the shut-off valve, a safety valve or other self-acting safety device must be installed that bypasses the refrigerant to the compressor suction side in case of excessive pressure increase. The flow capacity of the safety devices must be at least the maximum volumetric (mass) flow of the protected compressor stage.
The increase in pressure after opening the safety valve must not exceed its opening pressure by more than 10%.
There must be no locking devices on the bypass line.
The possibility of discharging the refrigerant into the atmosphere is in each case a subject of special consideration by the River Register.
9.12.6 Pumps shall comply with the requirements of 7.9.
9.12.7 Fans shall comply with the applicable requirements of 7.10.
9.13 HEAT EXCHANGERS AND PRESSURE VESSELS
9.13.1 Heat exchangers and pressure vessels shall comply with the applicable requirements of 8.17 (except for 8.17.8, 8.17.10), 8.18 (except for 8.18.1-8.18.4, 8.18.7, 8.18.8) and this section with respect to materials and fittings Rules. Their strength calculation should be carried out according to the procedure agreed with the River Register.
9.13.2 Shell-and-tube apparatus and vessels with a refrigerant cavity volume of 50 dm 3 or more should be equipped with safety devices with a design capacity that excludes the possibility of a pressure exceeding the opening pressure by more than 10% when the safety valve is fully opened.
The throughput G must be at least determined by the formula, kg/s
Where q- heat flux density during a fire, kW / m 2 (in all cases it is taken equal to 10 kW / m 2);
S- area of the outer surface of the vessel (apparatus), m 2 ;
r- specific heat of vaporization of the refrigerant at the opening pressure of the safety valve, kJ/kg.
The safety devices must consist of two safety valves and a switching device of such design that in any case both safety valves or one of them are connected to the apparatus or vessel. Each valve must be rated for full capacity.
The River Register may require provision of other types of vessels with safety devices, if it is considered expedient.
The installation of shut-off valves between the apparatus or vessels and the safety device is not allowed.
The use of safety devices with one safety valve or other design types is subject to special consideration by the River Register.
9.13.3 Apparatus and pressure vessels must have devices for air release, water, oil and liquid coolant drain.
9.13.4 Apparatus and vessels containing liquid refrigerant of groups II and III must have devices for emergency draining of the refrigerant.
The estimated time for draining the refrigerant should be no more than 2 minutes. at a constant excess pressure of the refrigerant in the vessel or apparatus, numerically equal to the calculated one, adopted in accordance with 9.3.2.
9.14 AIR COOLERS
9.14.1 The evaporators of direct expansion air coolers shall be of welded or brazed construction. Flange connections between sections and piping should be used only when necessary, and all flange connections should be located in easily accessible places so that the tightness of the connections can be checked.
9.14.2 If only one air cooler is used for cooling cargo spaces, its evaporator must consist of at least two independent sections, each of which must be switchable.
9.15 FITTINGS AND SAFETY VALVES
9.15.1 In refrigeration systems, shut-off, control and safety valves should be used, designed for a pressure of at least 1.25 p, Where p is the design pressure adopted in accordance with 9.3.2.
As a rule, steel reinforcement should be installed. The use of reinforcement from other materials is subject to special consideration by the River Register.
It is possible to use built-in shut-off valves made of cast iron with lamellar graphite for the inlet and outlet cavities of refrigeration compressors, as well as fittings made of nodular cast iron for refrigerants of groups I and II at ambient temperatures not lower than -40 °C.
9.15.2 The spring arrangements of safety valves shall be capable of opening them at a pressure not exceeding by more than 10 % the design pressure adopted in accordance with 9.3.2.
9.16 PIPING
9.16.1 The piping of the refrigerant, liquid coolant, and cooling water systems must comply with the applicable requirements of Sec. 10 and this chapter.
In this case, pipelines of refrigerants of groups II and III, as well as sections of pipelines in which liquid refrigerant of group I circulates, belong to pipelines of class I in accordance with Table. 10.1.2.
9.16.2 The refrigerant and liquid coolant piping must be made of seamless pipes.
The liquid coolant piping must be made of steel pipes.
9.16.3 Check (non-return) valves must be installed on the discharge lines of compressors and refrigerant pumps. Such valves may not be installed for compressors that use group I refrigerants as a working fluid and do not have unloaders.
9.16.4 Drying devices must be provided on liquid pipelines of refrigerants that are sparingly soluble in water to absorb moisture. They should be installed together with filters or structurally combined with them.
9.16.5 Refrigerant drain pipelines from safety valves (except for those specified in 9.12.5) must be led overboard below the ship's waterline at minimum draft.
The pipelines must be equipped with refrigerant leak flow indicators and check valves installed directly at the ship's side. Group I refrigerants may be released into the atmosphere in a safe place for people.
9.16.6 Pipes for emergency draining of the refrigerant from apparatuses and vessels should be led to an emergency drain collector located outside the refrigeration machine compartment, but near the entrance to it.
Shut-off valves and flow indicators for refrigerant leaks after each valve must be installed on each drain pipe at the manifold. Valves must be protected from access by unauthorized persons and adapted for sealing in the closed state.
The common pipeline from the emergency overboard discharge manifold must be equipped with a check valve and led below the ship's waterline at minimum draft. A supply of compressed air or steam must be provided for blowing the common pipeline.
The inner diameter of the pipeline for emergency draining of the refrigerant from individual apparatuses and vessels shall not be less than the diameter of the safety valve determined in accordance with 9.13.2. The cross-sectional area of the common emergency discharge overboard pipeline must be not less than the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the three largest emergency discharge pipes from individual apparatus and vessels connected to the common pipeline.
9.16.7 For sections of pipelines brought out below the ship's waterline in accordance with 9.16.5 and 9.16.6, the minimum thickness of the pipe walls in all cases must be taken not less than those indicated in column 3 of Table. 10.2.13.
9.17 INSTRUMENTS
9.17.1 On compressors, other units, pipelines of the refrigeration plant, devices should be installed to control the parameters of the working fluids and the parameters of the operating mode of the installation. In addition, it should be possible to install control and measuring instruments necessary for testing.
9.17.2 Control and measuring devices should be installed in easily accessible and clearly visible places. The scales must indicate the maximum and minimum allowable values of the controlled parameters.
9.18 AUTOMATION DEVICES
9.18.1 Automation systems, as well as their constituent elements and assemblies, must meet the applicable requirements of Sec. 12. 9.18.2 When using automatic control of the refrigeration unit, the possibility of manual control should also be provided.
Manual control can be omitted if there are two automatic devices operating in parallel.
9.18.3 Refrigerant compressors must be equipped with automatic devices that disable their drive in the event of:
.1 impermissible drop in suction pressure;
.2 unacceptable increase in discharge pressure;
.3 unacceptable decrease in lubricating oil pressure;
.4 unacceptable increase in discharge temperature (for refrigeration units operating on refrigerants of groups II and III, as well as automated units with unattended service);
.5 inadmissible axial shift of the centrifugal compressor rotor;
.6 unacceptable increase in temperature of the bearings of the centrifugal compressor.
9.18.4 Liquid separators, intermediate vessels and circulation receivers (in the case of a pumped refrigerant circulation system), as well as evaporators with a free liquid surface (evaporation surface) should be equipped with automatic devices that provide:
.1 maintaining a constant level of refrigerant set for the normal operation of the evaporator, or a constant vapor superheat temperature;
.2 stopping the supply of liquid refrigerant to evaporators and intermediate vessels of any type when the compressor stops;
.3 shutdown of the compressor in case of an unacceptable increase in the refrigerant level.
9.18.5 Installations with shell-and-tube evaporators must be equipped with automatic devices that provide:
.1 stopping the compressor when the movement of the liquid refrigerant through the evaporator stops or this evaporator is disconnected from the refrigerant system;
.2 stopping the compressor in case of an unacceptable decrease in the temperature of the liquid refrigerant.
9.18.6 Refrigeration units must be equipped with alarm devices that give a signal to the control station of the refrigeration unit when the automatic protection devices specified in 9.18.3 - 9.18.5 are triggered.
At the local control station of the refrigeration plant, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of decoding these signals.
9.18.7 When using a fully automated refrigeration unit in the wheelhouse, a warning signal should be provided for the deviation of the temperature in the refrigerated spaces from the permissible temperature required for the type of cargo being transported.
9.18.8 Automated refrigeration units with unattended service and refrigeration units operating on group III refrigerants must have gas analyzers that, in the event of a refrigerant leak, give a warning signal to the control station of the refrigeration unit.
Sampling locations are subject to special consideration by the River Register.
9.18.9 Automated refrigeration units must meet the requirements of Sec. 12.
9.19 INSULATION OF COOLED SPACES
9.19.1 Inside the cargo refrigerated spaces, all metal parts of the ship's hull must be carefully insulated.
9.19.2 Insulation of cargo refrigerated spaces must be made of odorless, biostable materials.
9.19.3 The surfaces of bulkheads and double bottom flooring in the area of fuel tanks and tanks shall be coated with an oil-resistant, odorless material. The application of this coating must be carried out before the said surfaces are insulated.
9.19.4 The insulation of refrigerated cargo spaces must be protected from the ingress of moisture or provided with reliable means of draining it during operation, and also protected from damage by rodents.
9.19.5 Insulation of refrigerated cargo spaces shall be provided with sheathing or other protective covering. Sheathing must be securely protected in those places where it can be damaged by the load.
9.19.6 The insulation of freezing tunnels shall comply with the requirements of 9.9.7, 9.19.2, 9.19.4, 9.19.5.
9.20 PIPE INSULATION
9.20.1 Piping at points of passage through bulkheads and decks shall not have direct contact with bulkheads and decks to avoid the formation of thermal bridges.
9.20.2 Pipe insulation must be protected from moisture penetration.
9.20.3 For insulation of pipelines, non-combustible insulating materials must be used in accordance with the requirements of Sec. 9 hours 1 PSVP. This requirement does not apply to the insulation of pipelines located within cargo refrigerated spaces and storerooms.
9.20.4 Anti-condensation materials and adhesives used in combination with insulation and insulation of pipeline fittings may not meet the requirements of Sec. 9 o'clock I PSVP, provided that their number is minimal, and their exposed parts slowly spread the flame over the surface.
9.21 TESTING OF ELEMENTS OF REFRIGERATING INSTALLATIONS AT THE STANDS OF THE ORGANIZATION-MANUFACTURER
9.21.1 Elements operating under refrigerant pressure must be subjected to hydraulic strength tests with a test pressure of at least 1.5 p, Where p is the design pressure adopted in accordance with 9.3.2, except for reciprocating compressor crankcases, for which the test pressure shall not be less than the design pressure.
Elements operating under the pressure of a liquid coolant or water should be subjected to hydraulic pressure tests equal to 1.5 working pressure, but not less than 0.4 MPa.
9.21.2 Elements working under refrigerant pressure shall be subjected to pneumatic density tests with a test pressure not less than the design pressure adopted in accordance with 9.3.2, with the exception of reciprocating compressor crankcases, for which the test pressure shall not be less than 0.8 of the design pressure.
9.21.3 Equipment operating at a pressure below atmospheric pressure must be tested for tightness by evacuation at a residual pressure of not more than 0.8 kPa.
9.21.4 Assembled valves and automation devices having locking elements, in addition to the specified tests, must be subjected to pneumatic tests for tightness of closure with a test pressure equal to the design pressure in accordance with 9.3.2.
9.21.5 Compressors, refrigerant pumps, liquid refrigerant and cooling water pumps, heat exchangers and other apparatuses, refrigerant pressurized vessels, pipes and fittings designed for pressures of 1.0 MPa or more, devices for automatic control, monitoring and protection systems, as well as Instruments measuring and recording the temperature in refrigerated spaces shall, after assembly, be tested in accordance with the requirements of 7.5.1.
9.22 TESTING THE REFRIGERATION PLANT ON SHIP
9.22.1 After the installation of the refrigeration plant on board the ship, pneumatic density tests of the entire refrigerant system shall be carried out with a test pressure equal to p, where p is the design pressure adopted in accordance with 9.3.2.
9.22.2 Pneumatic testing on a ship can be done with dry air, carbon dioxide or nitrogen.
9.22.3 After the density test, the refrigerant system must be dried and tested for tightness by vacuum at a residual pressure of not more than 1 kPa.
9.22.4 After filling the system with refrigerant, check the tightness of the connections and fittings.
9.22.5 The piping of liquid coolant and cooling water systems shall be tested for tightness under operating conditions.
9.22.6 To verify compliance with the requirements of 9.4, thermal tests of the refrigeration plant shall be carried out.
The main documents regulating the expert evaluation of ships in Ukraine are:
1. Russian river register
Rules for the classification and construction of inland navigation vessels.
Publishing house Marine engineering service M.1995 volumes 1,2,3.
Order of the Goflotnadzor of Ukraine dated August 13, 1997 No. 46 “On the introduction into effect in Ukraine of the Rules of the Russian River Register, ed. 1995 from 1.09.97 years.
Instructions for filling out documents of the Russian River Register compiled during the classification and technical supervision of ships.
Environmental Safety Rules for Inland and Mixed Vessels swimming M1995.
Russian Maritime Register of Shipping of Russia.
Phones of organizations involved in survey survey:
Belokurets Anatoly Alekseevich
- tel. 417-30-53- Chief engineer of Ukrflotnadzor of Ukraine;
Okhrimenko Alexander Stanislavovich - Deputy Head of Ukrflotnadzor of Ukraine - tel. 416-82-09;
Savchenko Boris Nikonovich - Representative of Ukrmorflotnadzor in Ukraine. - tel. 416-53-21.
Classification of ships, definitions.
The following definitions are adopted in the Rules of the River Register of the Russian Federation:
1,1 Cargo ship- a ship designed for the carriage of goods.
1,2 passenger ship- a vessel intended for the carriage of passengers or carrying more than 12 passengers
1,3 fishing boat- a vessel used directly for fishing, as well as for the extraction of other living water resources.
1,4 Vessel of mixed navigation (river - sea)- a ship designed for non-transshipment transportation of goods by sea and inland waterways.
1.5 Ships with a horizontal method of loading and unloading cargo - ships specially designed for the carriage of various wheeled vehicles, cargo operations on which are carried out in a horizontal way - coasting, including:
- ro-ro ships - cargo ships specially designed for the transportation of various equipment (with and without cargo) on all decks, including decks of superstructures;
- ferries - ships intended for the carriage of passengers, as well as railway rolling stock or trackless transport (with and without cargo), as a rule, on the bulkhead deck and above;
1,6 Tanker - a ship designed for the carriage of liquid cargo in bulk.
1,7 Combined vessel - a vessel intended for the bulk transportation of crude oil and oil products, as well as bulk cargoes (the said vessels mean oil and ore carriers and similar vessels).
1,8 Pusher - a vessel having a coupling device and intended for constant driving by pushing other vessels and floating structures.
1,9 DWT - the difference between the ship's displacement along the load waterline corresponding to the designated summer freeboard in water with a density of 1.000-1.025 t/m 3 (depending on the ship's class and navigation area) and the empty displacement.
1,9,1 Light displacement - ship's displacement in tons without cargo, fuel, lubricating oil, ballast, fresh, boiler water in tanks, ship's stores, as well as without passengers, crew and their belongings.
1,10 Tow - a vessel with a towing device and intended for towing and tilting of other vessels and floating structures.
1,11 floating crane (floating crane) - a crane structure on a floating base of a pontoon or similar in shape type, designed for lifting operations.
1,12 dry cargo ship a vessel intended for the carriage of various cargoes (general cargo, containers, timber, bulk cargo, vehicles with and without cargo), except for liquid cargo in bulk.
1,13 Container ship - a ship designed and specially equipped for the carriage of goods in international containers.
1,14 Hydrofoil vessel (SPK) - a ship supported above the water surface while moving in the operational mode by hydrodynamic forces developing on hydrofoils.
Gross tonnage - in register tons is the gross tonnage in cubic meters divided by 2.83. The gross tonnage shall not include the volumes of the wheelhouse, galleys, lavatories, all skylights, and similar shallow cabins.
Documentation.
When conducting an expert assessment, depending on its purpose, the appraiser (surveyor) may require the following documents showing the condition of the vessel on the date of the assessment (issued by the State Mortekhnadzor of Ukraine):
1, seaworthiness certificate;
2 Register of steam boiler and main steam pipeline;
3, Register of pressure vessels;
4, Certificates of surveys;
All these 1-4 documents are issued by the River Register without time limit, they are valid in the presence of the relevant certificate of survey.
5, For ships making foreign voyages, in addition to documents 1-4, the following are issued:
5.1 Certificate of seaworthiness;
5.2 Certificate for signal means;
5.3 Certificate for life-saving appliances;
5.4 Load line certificate;
Certificate of prevention of pollution by oil, sewage, garbage;
6. For passenger ships going to coastal areas, the River Register issues a passenger certificate;
The documents specified in paragraphs 5-6 are issued for a period until the next survey with their annual confirmation.
7, The documents confirming the compliance of materials and products manufactured under the supervision of the River Register with the provisions of the Rules and additional requirements are:
7.1 Certificates of the River Register issued for materials and products;
7.2 documents of the River Register on the tests carried out;
7.3 documents agreed with the River Register, issued by enterprises for materials and products produced by them or by laboratories for tests carried out by them;
It should be taken into account that the River Register may fully or partially recognize the documents of other classification societies, technical supervision bodies, as well as other organizations.
Ship's documents must be kept on the ship, and when ships are operated without crew, they must be kept by the owner of the ship.
The captain (commander, skipper) of the vessel, the owner of the vessel (when operating vessels without crews) are responsible for the safety of all documents of the River Register.
Any changes related to materials, ship design and products to which the requirements of the rules apply, carried out by shipowners, shipyards and manufacturers, must be agreed with the River Register before they are implemented.
Supervision over the construction, operation and refurbishment, modernization and re-equipment of ships is carried out by inspectors on the basis of approvals from the River Register of technical documentation.
The following vessels of inland and mixed navigation, both under construction and in operation, owned by state-owned enterprises, of any form of ownership, business partnerships, are subject to the technical supervision of the River Register. public organizations and individuals:
- self-propelled with main mechanisms with a power of 55 kW or more;
- non-self-propelled with a gross tonnage of 80 register tons or more;
- ship lifting devices with a lifting capacity of 1 t and
more.
Technological and special devices of fishing vessels,
fishing, cable, technical and special-purpose fleets are not subject to supervision by the River Register, except for the equipment listed in the relevant parts of the rules.
Vessel class
1.1 The River Register may assign a class to a ship built under its technical supervision, as well as assign or restore a class to a ship in service.
1.2 Assignment or restoration of a class means that the ship fully or to the extent recognized by the River Register as sufficient satisfies the requirements of the Rules that apply to it.
1.3 Assignment or restoration of a class to a ship is certified by the issuance of a certificate of seaworthiness and is confirmed during regular annual and extraordinary surveys.
The main symbol in the formula for the class of an inland navigation vessel is the letter designation "L", "R", "O", "M", which determines the design of the vessel and the category of the water basin in which the operation of the vessel is allowed.
Depending on the design features of the ship, the main symbol of the class is supplemented by the following symbols included in the class formula:
For ships built under the technical supervision of the River Register or another classification body recognized by the River Register, the sign * , which is placed in front of the main character, for example "* O"
For ships with special ice reinforcements that meet the requirements of the Rules, the word “ice” is enclosed in brackets, and for icebreakers, the word “icebreaker” is put instead of ice.
For vessels recognized by the River Register as experimental, the letter "E" which is placed in front of the combination of the sign * s and the main symbol
"L", "R", "O", "M", for example "E * M".
An experimental class is assigned to ships. Some elements of which or the ship as a whole do not comply with the Rules, have not been tested by operational practice, but are allowed to sail by the River Register in order to study new elements of the ship.
- For ships equipped with automation in accordance with the requirements, the letter “A” is put, which is placed at the end of the class formula, for example “*O (ice) A”. In the class formula of ships intended for navigation in conditions different from the regulated ones, additional signs applied.
Type and purpose of the vessel.
The type of vessel should be indicated by the words “motor ship”, “steamer”, “diesel-electric ship”, “Open (closed) cargo ship”, “floating crane”, etc.
To determine the purpose of the vessel, it is allowed to use additional explanations, for example, transportation of petroleum products with a flash point of 45 0 ., dredging, cargo lifting, etc.
The type and purpose of the vessels are not included in the class formula, but they are usually indicated in the section "Basic technical data of the vessel" of the Certificate of seaworthiness.
Regular surveys are carried out in order to determine the technical condition of the main elements of the ship, equipment, devices, systems, supplies. According to the results of the next survey, requirements are presented aimed at ensuring the safety of navigation of the ship in accordance with its purpose and class. (Periodicity in tables)
(Annual and extraordinary survey.)
Classification of water basins
division of water basins into categories "L", "R", "O", "M" carried out under the following conditions:
In the discharge pools "L", "R", "O", waves of 1% security with a height of 0.6, respectively; 1.2; and 2m have a total repeatability (security) of no more than 4% of the navigation time;
In the discharge pools "M» Waves of 3% probability with a height of 3m have a total repeatability of no more than 4% of the navigation time.
In discharge pools "L", "R", "O", "M" vessels corresponding to the categories of classes are allowed to sail with waves with a height of 0.6, respectively; 1.2; 2 and 3m.
The class of a vessel operating permanently in a basin of a given category must not be lower than the corresponding category of this basin.
The possibility of a one-time passage through basins that do not correspond to this class of vessels is determined by the Inspectorate, taking into account the wind wave characteristics, the route of the passage and the technical condition, subject to the presentation by the owner of justifications and measures that guarantee the safety of the passage.
The categories of inland water basins of Ukraine are presented in the order of Ukrmortekhnadzor in addition to the Rules.
Technical documentation of the ship being converted or restored.
This is especially important when evaluating ships transferred as collateral for obtaining loans for re-equipment or restoration, or when calculating the LNEI of a ship.
Prior to the start of overhaul or refurbishment, modernization or re-equipment of the ship, the River Register shall be submitted for consideration the technical documentation on those parts of the hull, mechanisms and equipment of the ship that are subject to repair, modernization, re-equipment or restoration.
When changing the characteristics of strength, stability, hull design, installing new mechanisms and devices on the ship, etc. as a result of the re-equipment of the ship, approvals from the River Register must be obtained.
Rules for the inspection of the vessel by the appraiser or (items described upon receipt of the conclusion of the surveyor's survey).
When inspecting the ship, the following definitions of the main elements of the ship were adopted:
1. hull - outer plating, deck, platform and inner bottom plating, impervious longitudinal and transverse bulkheads, inner sides, longitudinal and transverse set (bottom, deck, side) superstructures involved in the general bending of the ship, superstructures of passenger ships.
mechanisms main engines, transmissions from them to propeller shaft, shaft lines, lifting devices of floating cranes, refrigeration units of refrigerated ships, main steam boilers;
Electrical equipment - main electrical machines of an electric propulsion plant, autonomous generators of a general ship power plant, main switchboards, main current cables of ships with electrical rowing installations, power cables running from generators of power plants to switchboards, from switchboards to electric motors of the main mechanisms of floating cranes and to electric motors of the refrigeration plant of refrigerated ships.
Equipment, technical safety and supplies - life-saving equipment for ships, emergency and navigational equipment, signaling equipment, fire-fighting equipment, radio communications,
The scope of the survey, information about the technical condition of the main elements, data on measurements and the amount of repairs and replacements carried out with sufficient completeness should be reflected in the acts examinations.
Hull and superstructure
If the ship is inspected by an appraiser after the first survey by the Inspectorate, then this can be carried out without a diving team, if during the inspection of the compartments and places most subject to wear, defects and damage to the underwater part of the hull are not found.
During examination
superstructures
special attention should be paid to regulated elements: closures, doors, windows, ladders, coamings, fire bulkheads, etc.
The rates of wear of superstructure ties involved in the general bending of the ship should be taken the same as the rates of wear of the hulls. The wear rates of superstructure ties of passenger ships that do not participate in the general bending of the ship should be taken the same as the wear rates for the ends of the hull.
When the wear of superstructure links exceeds the established norms, it is necessary to reduce the assessment of the technical condition of the hull.
Particular attention in the assessment with mandatory reflection in the report during the inspection of the superstructure should be reflected damage that affects the safety of navigation.
When surveying steel docks by the shipowner The appraisal company itself can present in the report an act of diving inspection of the underwater part of the hull and an act on measurements of residual thicknesses with a thickness gauge.
The appraiser must pay attention on acts of sticking and fault detection of the ship (Two years without a survey on the slipway may be an inland navigation vessel;
one year - for ships of the class "M-SP", "M-pr", "O-pr".)
The greatest wear of the links to which you need to pay attention when evaluating the hull or in the acts of surveyor survey is:
- dial plane - for laying decks and the second bottom of ships, loading, unloading and cleaning of which is carried out by grabs and bulldozers, for the side plating of ships operating in ice conditions and lock basins, for the bottom plating of ships, the hull material of which is subject to path corrosion, for the bow formations of ships, operated in ice conditions and moored near an unequipped shore;
-upper part of the gas zone - for laying decks and shafts, for deck framing and bulkheads of oil tankers, especially in cargo receiving and unloading compartments.
-zones of intensive steam-air exchange - for ballast compartments, especially for ships operating in sea and coastal sea areas;
-bow stern valances especially for ships with toboggan ends.
In the expert assessment, especially for the conclusion of sales contracts when the vessel continues to operate as intended, it is necessary to indicate the degree of wear of the hull bracing groups, the deformation parameters, on the basis of which the assessment of the technical condition of the hull is established.
When examining the hull bottom slats, insulation of hold spaces and internal wooden planking should be removed to the extent necessary to determine wear and damage to all elements of the hull, access should be provided for inspection of the deck set. All cement seals, as well as temporary duplicate sheets installed without complying with the requirements of the standards, must be removed or must be noted in the report by the appraiser. Duplicate overlay strips to increase the overall strength of the hull or local strength of individual bonds, as well as doublers installed on pre-welded cracks, are not subject to removal, but can be noted in the report in the descriptive part.
When inspecting metal ships by an appraiser, the following parts of the hull and superstructures should be selectively inspected: