Type of lake basin of Kronotsky lake. Kronotskoye Lake (Far East): photos and reviews
Kronotsky lake- the first freshwater lake in Kamchatka in terms of water surface area (242 sq. km.). The average depth is 50 meters, the maximum is 150 meters. 10 rivers flow into the lake, and one flows out - Kronotskaya.
By its origin, Lake Kronotskoye is a dammed reservoir formed as a result of the blocking of the ancient channel of the Paleokronotskaya River by powerful lava deposits from the eruptions of the Kronotsky and Krasheninnikov volcanoes.
For a long time it was believed that Kronotskoye Lake was of calderal origin, but today it has been proven that the lake was formed about 10,000 years ago as a result of the damming of the Kronotskaya River valley by lava eruption products.
. A mountain range in the Kamchatka Territory of Russia, located in the middle part of the Eastern Range system. Its length is 150 km, and maximum height reaches 1794 m (Mount Kudryash). The ridge is composed of crystalline schists, granites and volcanic lavas:
There is a volcano 8 km east of the lake. The height is 3,528 meters, the top is a regular ribbed cone:
10 km south of Kronotskoye Lake is located Krasheninnikov volcano- stratovolcano in the Kamchatka region of Russia. Krashennikov volcano is considered active, as evidenced by fresh lava flows. In addition, nothing grows around the volcano, which also indicates a recent eruption.
Last eruption happened 460 years ago. Altitude- 1 856 meters:
Extinct Volcano Unana. Absolute height - 2,192 meters:
The activity of the volcano belongs to the Holocene period. About 8,500 years ago, a catastrophic eruption occurred on the volcano with the collapse of the cone slope and the formation of a summit crater 1.5 km in diameter. The last eruption took place about 2,400 years ago. The absolute height of the volcano is 2353 meters:
Active volcano Kizimen (Schapinskaya Sopka). The volcano appeared 12,000 years ago and has a height of 2,485 meters. On November 11, 2010, a new eruption began, which is accompanied by an outpouring of a powerful lava flow.
In early January, the Kizimen volcano threw a column of ash to a height of 4.5 kilometers above sea level. Volcanic trembling was recorded on the giant. Over the crater in the dark, a glow of red-hot lava was observed. Avalanches periodically break from the slopes:
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Kronotskoye Lake is the largest natural body of water in the Kamchatka Territory, mysterious and not fully explored. Its name is translated from Itelmen as "alpine".
These most beautiful places attracted the close attention of scientists quite recently by historical standards: at the beginning of the last century (1908), the first documents prepared by P. Yu. Schmidt appeared. With the expedition, he went around the lake from the east and northern sides, giving a description of this amazing reservoir and adding to it a topographical sketch of the area. All earlier references were based only on information received from the indigenous inhabitants of these places - the Itelmens, since the isolation of the lake and the complex landscape served as a serious barrier against any invasion. Only in 1920 did the scientist R. Malles manage to visit these places, compile detailed map and unravel the mystery of the birth of the reservoir.
Characteristics
The area of the lake is 242 km², and the catchment area is about 2330 km². This is not surprising, because 10 full-flowing rivers flow into it: Severnaya, Unana, Uzon, Listvennichnaya, etc. The Krodakyg (Kronotskaya) river, stormy and wayward, overcoming many obstacles, makes its way, flowing out of the reservoir.
In terms of an impressive volume of water (12.4 km³), the lake ranks second in the region. The depth is also impressive: although the average is 58 m, the maximum deep places marked by very solid figures - 136 m. According to all the parameters listed, Kronotskoye Lake is the sixteenth in the list of the largest and deepest Russian lakes. Let us add that it is located in the uniquely beautiful places for which the mysterious Kamchatka is famous.
The food of the reservoir is traditional - snow and rain. in December and opens by the end of May. The ice cover in some places reaches a meter thickness. Water level in different time fluctuates with an amplitude of up to several decimetres. East End The lake is decorated with 11 islands, towering 25-50 m above the water surface. All of them bear the names of prominent scientists and travelers who took part in the Kamchatka expedition of the early 20th century: Komarov, Konradi, Baer, and others.
Kronotskoye Lake is distinguished by its triangular shape, which is so unusual for a natural reservoir. It is explained by the rigid limitation of the basin mountain ranges and a volcanic range, consisting of 16 volcanoes, of which 12 are active.
Where is Lake Kronotskoe
This reservoir, unlike any other lake, is located on the territory of the equally amazing Kamchatka natural complex - the Kronotsky Reserve, three dozen kilometers from the famous Geyser Valley.
On the eastern side, 8 km from the lake, there is a volcano; on the south, 10 km, Krasheninnikov volcano. The exotic picture is completed by Mount Schmidt, towering in the northeast.
Kronotskoe lake: origin
The reservoir was formed almost 10 thousand years ago. It is located in the caldera of a volcano, and therefore it was previously believed that the origin is of a volcanic nature. In fact, it has been proven that the appearance of the lake was preceded by volcanic eruptions, today called by the names of the scientists Kronotsky and Krasheninnikov. They led to the blocking of the ancient riverbed by wide and powerful lava deposits. The result of this cataclysm was a mountain reservoir at an altitude of 372 m above sea level, located in one of the most beautiful places world - at the foot of the volcano Kronotskaya Sopka.
Peculiarities
The lake is interesting not only for its origin, but also for the creation of a separate natural complex within its own borders.
The outflow of water goes through the river, the channel of which in the upper reaches for 12 km is practically cluttered with powerful rapids, which do not allow salmon to enter the lake. As a result, due to long-term isolation, a special form of sockeye salmon (kokan) and several types of endemic char were formed in the reservoir. A similar mechanism of species formation is an object of study for ichthyologists. However, every year a small amount of river and anadromous Dolly Varden rises to the source of the river for spawning, and several rare cases of the passage of coho salmon have also been established.
Flora and fauna
Not everything is known about Kronotskoye Lake. The islands are inhabited by colonies of slaty-backed gulls. Given the sufficient distance from the sea coast (30-45 km), such nesting is a rare phenomenon. It is said that brown bears swim to the islands to feast on gull eggs.
Kronotskoye Lake, being the center of the natural complex, is surrounded by amazing beautiful nature. There are relic specimens and especially valuable breeds. For example, Kamchatka larch grows only here and is found
In the larch massifs there are nesting places for rare birds (ospreys, Steller's sea eagles), and the surrounding mountains have become a home for peregrine falcons, gyrfalcons and golden eagles.
But the symbol of this fabulous place are swans. In summer, they are almost invisible, since there are few places suitable for nesting in the lake basin. And by the beginning of winter, an impressive flight of these legendary birds begins.
That's the way it is mysterious lake Kronotskoye is a magical place on the Kamchatka Peninsula.
Lake Kronotskoye on various google maps, Yandex, OpenStreetMaps, Wikimapia, Public cadastral map Russian Federation, Map of hotels, and also other topographic, jpg maps. GPS coordinates: 54.79389, 160.24861.
Other names: Ozero Kronotskoye, Kronotski Lake, Lake Kronotskaya, Lake Kronotskoe, Ozero Kronotskoye.
Get directions through Lake Kronotskoye on Google or Yandex maps
With the help of Google and Yandex mapping services, you can build a road or walking route from Lake Kronotskoye to the desired address or point. On Google map, you can click on the map for cities or points between which you want to lay a route. On Yandex map, you can specify addresses, for example Lake Kronotskoye - Locality, street, house (street and house are optional).Lake Kronotskoye on Google Maps
Kronotskoye on Google Maps. You can create a car or walking route, find the nearest cities, hotels on a detailed map of the area where Lake Kronotskoe is located.Lake Kronotskoye at OpenStreetMaps
Kronotsky at OpenStreetMaps. Information about campsites, walking and hiking trails, cycle routes, parks, beaches and other facilities in the area where Lake Kronotskoye is located.Lake Kronotskoe on Wikimapia
Kronotsky on Wikimapia. GPS coordinates of the nearest tourist, industrial and business objects, which you can find on Wikimapia. 
Kronotskoye Lake
This is the first in area (242 km²) and in terms of catchment area (2330 km²), second in volume (12.4 km³) and third in maximum depth (148 m) freshwater lake of Kamchatka. Average depth - 51 m.
Scattered in the eastern part of the lake are 11 picturesque islands rising 25-50 m above the water. All of them are named after the members of the Kamchatka complex expedition of the Russian Imperial Geographical Society F.P. Ryabushinsky: Komarov Islands, Konradi Islands, Baer Islands, etc.
On the islands, at a distance of 34 to 44 km from the sea coast, there are colonies of slaty-backed gulls with a total number of about 600 pairs. Similar nestings in this species in water bodies so far from the sea coast are known only for lakes Kurilskoe and Azhabachye. Brown bears swim to the islands to feast on the eggs of seagulls.
The lake freezes completely for the period from late December to mid-May. Moreover, the thickness of the ice cover reaches 1 m.
A population of kokanee (a living form of sockeye salmon) has formed in the lake, numbering about 30 million individuals, which arose from anadromous sockeye salmon as a result of its long-term isolation. For the same reason, an isolated endemic group of charrs from three different types formed in the lake, at least one of which, as a result of adaptation and specialization, is estimated as a new, separate species.
The flow from the lake is carried out through the Kronotskaya River, which, for about 12 km of the upper reaches, has powerful rapids that prevent salmon from entering the lake. However, from the very source of the river, the river and anadromous Dolly Dolly Varden rise annually to spawn, albeit in small numbers. And, as a phenomenon, ichthyologists of KamchatNIRO recorded several cases of coho salmon entering the lake.
The natural complex of the Kronotskoye Lake basin is of particular value. It is here that an array of Kamchatka larch grows with small groups, more often - single Ayan spruce trees.
In larch forests nestings of ospreys, Steller's sea eagles are known, and peregrine falcons, possibly gyrfalcons and golden eagles, nest in the mountains surrounding the lake.
An indispensable decoration, a symbol of the lake are swans.