The deepest places in the world. The deepest places on earth

The deepest place on Earth is an oceanic trench, which is located near the Mariana Islands.

The Mariana Trench is located in pacific ocean, east of the 14 Mariana Islands near Japan. As you probably already know, this is the deepest ocean trench and also the deepest place on Earth. It was created as a result of the opposition of two tectonic plates.

The deepest place in the Mariana Trench is the Challenger Deep point (which means Challenging), it is also the deepest point in the oceans. According to various research deep-sea vehicles, the maximum recorded depth is 11,521 m.

The Mariana Trench was first explored in 1951 by the British navy vessel Challenger II, hence the name of the deepest point on Earth.

The first people who personally dived to the bottom Mariana Trench, were the Swiss oceanographer Jacques Picard and the US soldier Don Walsh. This happened in January 1960 on a special round bathyscaphe called Trieste. Great was the surprise of scientists when at such a great depth they met flat fish and other living organisms. Later in 1995, a Japanese deep-sea submersible dived at the point of maximum depth and recorded a bottom-to-surface distance of 10,911.4 meters. According to the most recent research in 2011, with the participation of the newest locators, a depth of 10,994 meters was named. website - Interesting Facts about everything, read on and learn something new.

The dimensions of the Mariana Trench are huge, along it stretches for 1500 km. The width at the very bottom is only 1-5 km, the bottom is flat and surrounded by sheer cliffs. The water pressure at the very bottom of the depression is 108.6 MPa, which in turn is 11,074 tons/m2, or 1,107 kg/cm2.
For comparison, here are some facts.

123 meters. The record maximum human diving depth without scuba gear and breathing apparatus is 123 m. This record was achieved by a diver from Monaco and officially registered.

100 m. The blue whale is the largest animal on earth, has a diving depth of no more than 100 meters.

1000 m. Below this mark, sunlight does not penetrate.

2000 m. The sperm whale is the only mammal that can dive to a depth of two kilometers.

4000 m. Water pressure reaches 402 kg per cm2. The ambient temperature is not higher than +2 degrees. Fish are blind or with underdeveloped eyes.

6000 m. The pressure is 584 times greater than the pressure on the Earth's surface. Despite this, life exists here.

10994 m. The bottom of the Mariana Trench. The complete absence of light, the water pressure is 1072 times higher than the surface pressure, 1 ton 74 kilograms presses on 1 square centimeter. Hellish conditions. But there is life here. Small fish similar to flounder up to 30 centimeters long.

Below we give photographs of deep-sea fish. Most of these creatures live at a depth of 500 to 6500 meters.

Do you think this monkfish has legs? I hasten to disappoint you. These are not legs at all, but two males that have stuck to a female. The fact is that at great depths and in the complete absence of light it is very difficult to find a partner. Therefore, the male monkfish, as soon as he finds a female, immediately bites into her side. These embraces will never be broken. Later, it grows together with the body of the female, loses all unnecessary organs, merges with her circulatory system and becomes only a source of sperm. Below is another photo of this fish.

This is a deep-sea octopus with a size of only 20 cm. The depth of habitat is from 500 to 5000 meters.

It is a fish with a transparent head. For what? At depth, as you know, there is very little light. The fish has developed a defense mechanism, its eyes are in the center of the head so that they cannot be hurt. In order to see evolution awarded this fish with a transparent head. The two green spheres are the eyes.

We hope you liked the photos of fish living in the depths of the Mariana Trench.

There are thousands of miracles on earth, including , the most deep places on the world map.

Ocean canyons are formed as a result of tectonic activity that occurs in the Earth's lithosphere. The largest of them are located at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean as part of the so-called "Ring of Fire", which includes active volcanoes and earthquake zones. Natural freshwater reservoirs were formed due to failures of karst rocks. Man-made mines are dug by man for research purposes or for the extraction of raw materials. deep caves arose in mountain ranges due to the movement of the earth's crust.

sea trenches

TOP 10 ocean canyons:

Mariana Trench

The deepest place in the world is located in the western Pacific Ocean, the Mariana Trench. It has the shape of a crescent, the length of the abyss is 2550 km, the average width is 69 km. The maximum known depth is 11.03 km at the Vityaz-1 point and 10.91 km at the Challenger mark. The pressure at the bottom is 12,400 tons per square meter. The depression was first explored in January 1960 by Don Walsh and Jacques Picard using the Trieste submersible. Mount Everest can fit in Mariana Trench with a margin of 2.5 kilometers.

Located in the Southwest Pacific Ocean and in the northern part of the Kermadec Zone, the Tonga Trench lies 10,882 km below sea level. Stretching for a distance of 2500 km from the northeast of New Zealand to the northeast to the island of Tonga, the abyss was formed as a result of the movement of the Pacific plate. The researchers found that seam movement is also causing underwater explosions in the Japan and Mariana Trench. Over the past 100 years, 15 volcanoes have erupted on the islands.

Would you like to dive to the bottom of the ocean?

Yes, it's very interesting what's in there.No, it's scary

Philippine Trench

The third deepest point in the world's oceans is the Galatea mark in the Philippine Trench, located 10.54 km below sea level. Known as the Mindanao Trench, this underwater trench extends 1,320 km long and 30 km wide in the eastern Philippines. One of the first explorations of this site was carried out in 1950 by a Danish expedition, the initial goal was to collect wildlife from the ocean floor. Scientists considered this ocean trench to be the deepest until 1970. Its age is 8-9 million years.

Formed in the Pacific Ocean during the Cretaceous period due to volcanic shifts Kuril ridge. The trench is located near the Kuril Islands off the coast of Kamchatka at a depth of 10.5 km below sea level. Today, the Pacific Plate continues to slide, causing strong volcanism and seismic activity in the area. The seams move at a rate of 75 to 83 millimeters per year.

The Kermadec Chasm in the Pacific Ocean extends for 1,000 km between the Louisville Seamount chain and the Hikurangi Plateau, and has a maximum depth of 10.04 km. Five years ago, the Kermadec Trench was in the news after the unmanned research submarine Nereus exploded due to high pressure at a depth of 9.99 meters while trying to reach the bottom.

Japanese depression

Another deep underwater trench, located east of Japanese islands, is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. With a maximum depth of 9 km, it extends from the Kuril Islands to the Bonin Islands and continues the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench and Izu-Ogasawara to the north and south, respectively.

The abyss is located in the western part of the Pacific Ocean. The proven depth of Izu-Ogasawara is 9.78 km. This trench, also known as the Izu-Bonin, extends from Japan to the northern part of the Mariana Trench and is a continuation of the Japanese Trench.

Between by the caribbean and the Atlantic Ocean, the Puerto Rico trench has the deepest mark in this region - 8.64 km, the length is 800 km. The ocean trench has repeatedly become the cause of many tragic tsunamis and earthquakes.

It is located 100 km east of the South Sandwich Islands in the Atlantic Ocean on an active volcanic arc. It is located at a depth of 8.42 km, has a length of 956 km, which makes the abyss one of the most visible in the world.

Peru - Chile Trench

The abyss, also called the Atacama Trench, is located about 160 km off the coast of Peru and Chile in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The maximum depth of the Atakama Trench is 8.06 km below sea level.

fresh water

Lake Baikal is the deepest basin with fresh water. It is located in Southeast Siberia, north of the Mongolian border. It has a depth of 1637 m.

Next to Baikal, Lake Tanganyika, located in Central Africa. Its depth is 1470 meters. It is the second largest freshwater formation in the world. Located between the four countries of the black continent.

Lake Vostok, with a maximum depth of 900 meters, is the largest of the 400 open subglacial waters of Antarctica. It is located in Russia under the surface of the Central East Antarctic ice sheet.

The depth of Lake O'Higgins-San Martin is 836 meters. It has an area of 1013 km and a length coastline 525 km. 554 km of the water surface belongs to Chile, and 459 km to Argentina.

El Sacaton is the deepest sinkhole in the earth filled with water. Such formations are an unusual natural phenomenon, since they appear suddenly, causing severe devastation if the area was inhabited. But Sacaton in Mexico has existed since the Pleistocene and is a beautiful natural well. For a long time it was thought that it was bottomless, but in 1997 NASA solved the mystery of the pit by sending an underwater robot and found that the depth of El Sakaton is 339 m.

The clear blue water is highly mineralized and has a sulphurous smell. The name comes from the free-floating islets of scat grass.

caves

More than 100 very deep sinkholes on land have been discovered in the world, the first three places in the list are occupied by the mountain depressions of Abkhazia.

The fourth deepest cave (1632 m) Lamprechtsofen is located in Austria. It is famous for having a height difference of up to 1 km.

Some known earth sinkholes are man-made:

So the super-deep Kola well in Russia takes the first place, and was drilled to explore the earth's layers. Its depth is 12,262 km;

gold mine in South Africa– Mponeng, the second largest artificial pit on earth, which is actively exploited. It will take at least 1.5 hours to reach its bottom. It is located at a depth of 4 km from the surface. At the bottom of the mine, the temperature of the rock is 60ºC and the humidity is 95 percent;

Long underground tunnels, dug by hand, are located in England and Africa.

From the early 1870s until 1914, 50,000 workers in Kimberley, South Africa sifted through the ground every day to extract diamonds. They eventually reached depths of over 240m before the operation was abandoned. Despite its smaller overall volume, the Woodingdean Well, near Brighton in the UK, is the deepest scar that a human hand has cut into the surface of the planet. Reaching 390 m underground, it is equal to the Empire State Building, but just over a meter wide.

Underwater depths

One of the creatures from the Mariana Trench. It's alive and quite happy

It may seem like a funny paradox, but some of the deepest points on Earth are located under water. It is in the ocean that numerous trenches are hidden - faults of lithospheric plates. Filled with water, they turned into Amazing places completely different from the world we are used to. Many kilometers of water creates incredible pressure, not a single, even the most nimble sunbeam can pass through this barrier. As a result, it is very dark and hard in there.

There are quite a few such points in the world, but the most impressive of them are known to everyone:

Mariana Trench. Its bottom is the deepest point of the Pacific Ocean and the ocean in general. Many times they tried to accurately determine its depth, and according to the latest data, it is 10994 meters. This value is difficult to comprehend, but for comparison, the height of Everest, the highest mountain, is just over 8800 meters. Thus, our planet is rather deep than high.
Trench Tongo. The second deepest and much less studied trench. Its deepest point is at 10882, only 100 meters less than the Mariana Trench. It turns out that the difference between the two deepest gutters is about 1%. Not so much. But if in depth he loses, then in another he is the first. For some reason, in this place the plates move an order of magnitude faster than in other places. The speed of movement is about 25 centimeters instead of the prescribed 2.
Philippine Trench. The third deepest point in the oceans. The maximum value is 10265 meters, which is clearly less than that of the Mariana Trench and the Tongo Trench.

It's funny that these trenches are quite well studied, unlike most of the seabed. People imagine what is happening on about 5% of its area, while the rest of the places elude our attention.

At the same time, the gutters hide many secrets. For example, earlier people did not even think that at such a pressure, without light and oxygen dissolved in water, someone could exist. But the expeditions nevertheless found quite cheerful, albeit strange creatures there. And this is just one of the many surprises that human nature has prepared.

wells

Despite the fact that the underwater faults and trenches created by nature itself stagger the imagination, the deepest place is still the work of man. And these are wells.

This is what KS-3 looks like from the outside. And under the cover - 12 kilometers of puncture

If a fault is an open open wound on the body of the planet, then a well is more likely a trace of a prick with the thinnest needle, but sometimes they can bring no less surprises and unexpected data. And the following wells boast the most impressive depth:

Kola superdeep well. Its total depth is 12263 meters. At the same time, the diameter of the outer part of the well is only about half a meter. The purpose of creating this well was to obtain new data on the structure of the earth's crust. And scientists got them in full. The study of this place brought them an incredible amount of new and unexpected information, which significantly influenced people's ideas about the structure of our planet.
OR-11. Another well created by Russian engineers. It refers to the Sakhalin-1 project, within the framework of which the field was explored. Its depth is 11345 meters, a very impressive achievement. A total of 10 wells were drilled under this project.
BD-04A. This well, located in Qatar, was created with one very specific goal - to explore the oil field. Exploration required certain efforts, first of all, the creation of one of the deepest wells - 10092 meters.

It turns out that the deepest place on the planet is still the fruit of human hands. And let this puncture be infinitely small, the achievement cannot but rejoice.

Extremely uneven in depth. It contains deep-water depressions, which are also called trenches. The trenches related to the Pacific are marked with the greatest depth.

To date, they are extremely poorly studied. Some scientists argue that we know less about the ocean floor than we do about the surface of the moon. However, it is known for sure that there are amazing life forms there.

At the bottom of the deepest depressions, a huge pressure of a 10-kilometer column of water of 108.6 MPa is created. This is 1000 times more than atmospheric pressure. Most bathyscaphes are not designed for such conditions. Only a handful of times people have dived to such a depth. The water temperature in such gutters is 1-3°C.

To date, it is difficult to even accurately measure the depth in these depressions, since the properties of water change due to high pressure. Therefore, all obtained values have an error of the order of several tens of meters. What depressions are among the deepest places on Earth?

Map "Most deep points(troughs) of the oceans"

Aleutian Trench

Located south of the Aleutian Islands, which in turn are southern border Bering Sea. The trench stretched for 3400 km from the coast of Alaska to the Kamchatka Peninsula. Its depth is 7679 m. At this point, the North American lithospheric plate runs into the Pacific plate.

Java depression

Also known as the Sunda Trench. The depression is the deepest point in everything Indian Ocean. It is located south of the islands of the Sunda archipelago. The depth of the gutter is 7729 m, and its length is 4.5 thousand km. It originates from the island of Myanmar, here its width is about 50 km. Further, when moving to the southeast, it narrows and deepens at the same time. In the area of the island of Java, the width of the trench is 10 km, and the depth becomes maximum. The depression is located where the Sunda Plate collides with the Australian lithospheric plate. As a result, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions frequently occur in the area.

Puerto Rico Trench

It is located north of the island of the same name, on the border between the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, which is part of it. Here the Caribbean and North American lithospheric plates border. There are no volcanoes near the basin, but there is a risk of earthquakes and tsunamis. The trench, 97 km wide, stretches for 1754 km. Its depth at its deepest point is 8742 m. This is the deepest point Atlantic Ocean. Deeper trenches are found only in the Pacific Ocean

Izu-Bonin Trench

Also known as the Izu-Ogasawara Trench. It is located to the east of the Bonin Islands, which belong to Japan. The maximum depth of the depression is estimated at 9810 m, and the length of the trench is 1030 km. In the north, it joins the Japan Trench. Its depth was determined by Soviet scientists from the ship "Vityaz" in 1955.

Kuril-Kamchatka Trench

The depression is located east of the coast of the Kuril Islands and reaches the Kamchatka Peninsula in the north. Further, it connects with the Aleutian Trench, while in the south it passes into the Japan Trench. Formerly the name Tuscarora was used. The trench has a width of 59 km, and its length is estimated at 2170 km. At the deepest point with coordinates 44°00′46″ s. sh. and 150°19′13″ E. the depth of the depression is 9917 m. The gutter begins at a level that corresponds to 6000 m below the water surface, and then its walls close at an angle of 7 °. There is high seismic activity here.

Kermadec

Located off the east coast of the island of the same name, just north of New Zealand. The basin is elongated from south to north, its length exceeds 1200 km. The maximum depth of the gutter reaches 10047 m. Its name geographical feature received in honor of the French navigator Jean-Michel Huon de Kermadec. The depression was discovered in 1889 by the British from the ship "Penguin", and its depth was determined during the next scientific expedition of the Soviet ship "Vityaz" in 1958. Connects to the Tonga Trench in the north.

Japanese chute

Located along the eastern coast of the Japanese Islands. The depression has a length of about 1000 km, and its maximum depth reaches 10504 m. In the north it connects with the Kuril-Kamchatka depression. The trench is an area with high seismic activity, earthquakes often occur here, which cause powerful tsunamis that hit the coast of Japan. In 2008, scientists were able to photograph sea slugs here, which are considered the deepest-sea fish on Earth.

Philippine Trench

Named after Philippine Islands, to the east of which it is located. It starts in the area of the island of Luzon, and then stretches to the Molluk Islands. In the place most remote from the water surface, the depth is 10540 m. The length of the depression is estimated at 1320 km. Previously, another name was used - the Mindanao Trench. The first studies of this place were carried out in 1912 by the crew of the German ship Planet.

Tonga

Located off the east coast of Samoa. The length of the depression is 860 km, and its depth reaches 10882 m. The trench begins at a depth of 6000 m, where its width is 80 km, and then it gradually narrows. It joins the Kermadec Trench in the south. It is the deepest point of all located to the south.

Mariana Trench

The deepest trench on the planet is located near the Mariana Islands. Its length is 1500 km. The slopes of the basin have an inclination of approximately 9°, and the bottom is a strip with a width of 1 to 5 km. The deepest point of the trough is called the Challenger Deep (11°22.40′ N and 142°35.50′ E) and is located 10,994 m below sea level. Measurement accuracy ±40 meters. The depression was formed at the junction of two lithospheric plates - the Pacific and the Philippine.

The depression was discovered in 1875 by the crew of the English corvette Challenger. They measured its depth and got a value of 8367 m. Already in 1951, the British on another ship (but with the same name) received the figure of 10863 m. measurements were carried out in 2011, during which the value of 10994 ± 40 m was obtained.

For the first time, a person plunged to such a great depth on January 23, 1960. The names of the two daredevils are Don Walsh and Jacques Picard. The dive took more than 4 hours, the same amount of time was spent on the ascent. Only in 2012, director James Cameron decided to repeat this achievement.

Today we will talk about the deepest oceanic place on the planet - the Mariana Trench and its deepest point - the Challenger Abyss.

“The Mariana Trench (or the Mariana Trench) is an oceanic deep-sea trench in the western Pacific Ocean, the deepest known on Earth. It is named after the nearby Mariana Islands.

The deepest point of the Mariana Trench is the Challenger Deep. It is located in the southwestern part of the depression, 340 km southwest of the island of Guam (point coordinates: 11°22′ N 142°35′ E (G) (O)). According to measurements in 2011, its depth is 10,994 ± 40 m below sea level.

The deepest point of the depression, called the Challenger Deep, is further from sea level than Mount Everest is above it.

Since school, many people know that the depth of the Mariana Trench is 11 km, and this is the deepest place on the planet. However, with a slight correction - the deepest known. That is, even deeper depressions could theoretically exist ... but they are still unknown. Even the most high mountain in the world - Everest - successfully fit into the gutter and there will still be room.

The Mariana Trench is rich in records and titles: it became famous not only for its depth, but also for its mystery, terrible inhabitants of the underwater depths, “monsters” guarding the earth’s bottom, secrets, unexploredness, primordial nature, darkness, etc. In general, the Cosmos inside out is the bottom of the Mariana Trench. There are versions that life began in the Mariana Trench.

MARIANA TRENCH. PuzzlesMarianahollows:

The video shows and tells that at such a great depth the pressure is higher than from powder gases when fired from a hunting rifle, about 1100 times more than atmospheric pressure: 108.6 MPa (Marian Trench - bottom) by 104 MPa (powder gases). Glass, wood in such conditions turn into powder.

Still, it is not clear then how there is life and sinister underwater monsters, which are legendary?

The length of the trench along the Mariana Islands is 1.5 km.

“It has a V-shaped profile: steep (7-9°) slopes, a flat bottom 1-5 km wide, which is divided by rapids into several closed depressions.

The depression is located at the junction of two tectonic plates, in the zone of movement along faults, where the Pacific plate goes under the Philippine plate.

The opening of the Mariana Trench took place in 1875:

“The first measurements (and discovery) of the Mariana Trench were made in 1875 from the British three-masted corvette Challenger (Challenge). Then, with the help of a deep-water lot, the depth was set at 8367 meters (with a second measurement - 8184 m).

In 1951, an English expedition aboard the research ship Challenger recorded a maximum depth of 10,863 meters using an echo sounder.

Back in 1951, this point was given the name of the Challenger Abyss.

Later, during several expeditions, the depth of the Mariana Trench was found to be more than 11 km, the last measurement (end of 2011) recorded a depth of 10,994 m (+/- 40 m):

“According to the results of measurements carried out in 1957 during the 25th voyage of the Soviet research vessel Vityaz (headed by Alexei Dmitrievich Dobrovolsky), the maximum depth of the chute is 11,023 m (updated data, the depth was originally reported as 11,034 m).

On January 23, 1960, Don Walsh and Jacques Piccard dived in the Trieste submersible. They recorded a depth of 10,916 m, which also came to be referred to as the "depth of Trieste".

The unmanned Japanese submarine "Kaiko" in March 1995 collected soil samples in this place and recorded a depth of 10,911 m.

On May 31, 2009, the Nereus unmanned submarine took soil samples at this location. The collected silt mostly consists of foraminifera. This dive recorded a depth of 10,902 m.

More than two years later, on December 7, 2011, researchers at the University of New Hampshire published the results of an underwater robot that recorded a depth of 10,994 m (+/- 40 m) using sound waves.”

And yet, despite the many obstacles, difficulties, dangers - three people in the entire history of the Mariana Trench have managed to reach the bottom, naturally, being in special devices. On March 26, 2012, director James Cameron reached the bottom of the Abyss alone in the Deepsea Challenger.

The plot of Channel One "James Cameron - diving to the bottom of the Mariana Trench":

And here is Jace Cameron's film "Challenging the Abyss 3D | Journey to the bottom of the Mariana Trench":

The film was made in collaboration with national geographic, created in documentary format. Before some of his box-office creations (like "Titanic"), the director also sank to the bottom of the depths to the place of events, and before his "visit" to the Mariana Trench in 2012, many were waiting for either a grandiose masterpiece, or a video with monsters living in the darkness of the ocean .

The film is a documentary, but the main thing is that Cameron did not see giant octopuses, monsters, "leviathans", many-headed creatures there, although for the first time he spent more than three hours at the bottom of the Mariana Trench. There were small marine derivatives no more than 2.5 cm ... but those very outlandish flat fish, huge creatures biting a steel cable, were not there .. although it was not there for 12 minutes.

To questions about whether the director saw any terrible creature at the bottom of the depression, he answered: “Probably everyone would like to hear that I saw some kind of sea monster, but it was not there ... There was nothing alive, more than 2- 2.5 cm.

Public reaction to Cameron's The Abyss was mixed. To some, the picture seemed boring and incomparable to his works like Titanic, Avatar, someone said that the film is real and in its "boring" it shows the path of interaction between one of the seven billion people on the planet and deepest abyss.

From movie reviews:

“Of course, the content of the film is hardly exciting. Most of the time the viewer spends in endless boring meetings and tests in the laboratory. But I believe that this hard and long journey from a dream to its realization should have been shown. It is he who most inspires to work for his idea.”

I mentioned the film precisely because the path that led the director to the creation of creation is the basis for the interaction of the secrets of nature and mortal man.

People are frightened and attracted by the unknown, rebellion, depth, danger, mortality, mystery, eternity, loneliness, independence of the depths, distances, heights of nature. And the name of the film - "Challenge to the Abyss ..." - of course, is not without reason: at a certain stage of development of the potential, a person either wants to touch the unknown, or even forget about its existence, live in everyday life.

Cameron, having the opportunity and zeal, decided to make this leap into the depths. This is the desire to stand on a step close to God, and pride, and perpetuate this abyss in oneself and perpetuate oneself in the abyss, understanding the frailty of matter and much more.

Many drop in, are interested, some out of curiosity, some out of nothing to do. But a few dare to come close.

Let us recall the well-known saying of F. Nietzsche: “If you peer into the abyss for a long time, the abyss will begin to peer into you”, or another translation: “For a person who looks into the abyss for a long time, the abyss begins to live in the eyes”, or the full text of the quote: “Who fights with monsters, he should be careful not to become a monster himself. And if you look into the abyss for a long time, then the abyss also looks into you.” Here we are talking about the dark sides of the soul and the world, if you attract evil, evil will attract you, although there are many interpretations.

But the very words “abyss”, “abyss” imply something dangerous, dark, akin to a source of dark forces. There are a lot of legends around the Mariana Trench, far from good legends, who just didn’t come up with anything: monsters live there, and monsters of unclear etiology can swallow deep-sea research vehicles with and without people alive, gnaw through 20-centimeter cables, and creepy devilish creatures seem to in hell they scurry between the deep black waves, terrify extremely rare human guests, and in circles discussing the deepest gutter, versions are expressed that people who knew how to breathe under water used to live here, and almost life was born here, etc. People want to see darkness in this abyss. And, in general, they see her ...

Before the conquest marian abyss Cameron did something similar in 1960:

“On January 23, 1960, Jacques Piccard and US Navy Lieutenant Don Walsh dived into the Mariana Trench to a depth of 10,920 meters on the Trieste bathyscaphe. The dive took about 5 hours, and the time spent at the bottom was 12 minutes. It was an absolute depth record for manned and unmanned vehicles.

Two researchers then discovered at a terrible depth only 6 species of living creatures, including flat fish up to 30 cm in size.

The monsters were frightened by James Cameron, or they were not in the mood to pose in front of the camera that day, or there really was no one there - it will remain a mystery, however, in the course of previous underwater expeditions, including without the participation of people, various forms of life, fish, hitherto have been discovered nowhere seen, strange creatures, creatures that look like monsters, giant octopuses. But let's not forget that "monsters" are just unexplored creatures.

Several times, vehicles without people descended into the depths of the Mariana Trench (with people only twice), for example, on May 31, 2009, the Nereus automatic underwater vehicle sank to the bottom of the Mariana Trench. According to measurements, he sank 10,902 meters below sea level. At the bottom, Nereus filmed a video, took some photos, and even collected sediment samples from the bottom.

Here are some photos of those who were met at the depths of the Mariana Trench by the expedition cameras:

In the photo the bottom of the Mariana Trench:

The Mystery of the Mariana Trench. Great mysteries of the ocean. Ren-TV program.

Still, it remains a big secret what is there, at the bottom of the Mariana Trench ... They scare us in absentia with monsters, but in reality no one, in particular Cameron, who spent 3 hours at the bottom of the trench, found strange objects there ... silence ... depth ... eternity.

And the most important questions are “how can monsters live there if there is huge pressure at the bottom, there is no light, oxygen ??”. Answer of scientists:

“The inexplicable and incomprehensible has always attracted people, so scientists around the world are so eager to answer the question: “What is the Mariana Trench hiding in its depths?”

Can living organisms live at such a great depth, and how should they look, given that they are pressed by huge masses of ocean water, the pressure of which exceeds 1100 atmospheres?

The difficulties associated with the study and comprehension of the creatures that live at these unimaginable depths are enough, but human ingenuity knows no bounds. For a long time, oceanologists considered the hypothesis that at depths of more than 6000 m in impenetrable darkness, under monstrous pressure and at temperatures close to zero, life could exist to be insane.

However, the results of research by scientists in the Pacific Ocean have shown that even at these depths, far below the 6000-meter mark, there are huge colonies of living organisms pogonophora ((pogonophora; from the Greek pogon - beard and phoros - bearing), a type of marine invertebrate animals that live in long chitinous tubes open at both ends).

Recently, the veil of secrecy has been opened by manned and automatic, made of heavy-duty materials, underwater vehicles equipped with video cameras. As a result, a rich animal community was discovered, consisting of both well-known and less familiar marine groups.

Thus, at depths of 6000 - 11000 km, the following were found:

- barophilic bacteria (developing only at high pressure);

- from the protozoa - foraminifera (a detachment of the protozoan subclass of rhizopods with a cytoplasmic body dressed in a shell) and xenophyophores (barophilic bacteria from protozoa);

- from multicellular - polychaete worms, isopods, amphipods, holothurians, bivalves and gastropods.

At depths there is no sunlight, no algae, salinity is constant, temperatures are low, an abundance of carbon dioxide, enormous hydrostatic pressure (increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters).

What do the inhabitants of the abyss eat?

The food sources of deep animals are bacteria, as well as the rain of "corpses" and organic detritus coming from above; deep animals or blind, or with very developed eyes, often telescopic; many fish and cephalopods with photofluores; in other forms, the surface of the body or parts of it glow.

Therefore, the appearance of these animals is as terrible and incredible as the conditions in which they live. Among them are terrifying-looking worms 1.5 meters long, without a mouth and anus, mutant octopuses, unusual sea stars and some soft-bodied creatures of two meters in length, which have not yet been identified at all.

Despite the fact that scientists have made a huge step in the research of the Mariana Trench, the questions have not decreased, new mysteries have appeared that have yet to be solved. And the ocean abyss knows how to keep its secrets. Will people be able to reveal them in the near future?

The Mariana Trench, given that it is the most famous deep point on the planet, is too little studied, people flew into space ten times more, and we know more about Space than about the bottom of an 11-kilometer trench. Probably everything is ahead ...