Hills and mountains of Asia. The highest peaks of the world on all continents It is true that Asia has the highest mountains

Asian countries: big and small. Most big mountains, islands, rivers and lakes of the continent

Asia is the largest in area (44,579,000 km2) and the most populated part of the world (3.88 billion inhabitants) of planet Earth. Together with Europe, it forms a single (not separated by straits) continent of Eurasia, which is connected to Africa by the Isthmus of Suez, and from North America separated by a fairly narrow Bering Strait (maximum width is only 86 km). Asia is washed by the waters of all four oceans: the Pacific, Indian, Arctic and Atlantic (Mediterranean Sea).

There are enough wonders of the world in Asia, both those that mother nature gave to mankind like Halong Bay in Vietnam or wonderful ones in Thailand, and those that were created by man

Some like the Great Chinese wall or, very famous, others - - not very well, but some (for example, in Japan, the Sigiriya Palace on a rock in Sri Lanka, the imperial residence in Hue in Vietnam), today they are considered to be attractions of the regional level, although they clearly deserve more !

Asian countries (47 states):

Most of Asia's population is concentrated in countries such as China (PRC): over 1.3 billion people, and India: 1.1 billion people, which are the most populated on the planet.

Geography of Asia: mountains, rivers, lakes and islands

Asia is the most mountainous part of the world: the average height of the territory is 950 meters. The main mountain ranges cross the continent approximately in the middle: in the southwest-northeast direction. The highest plateau, Tibetan, rises above the surface of the oceans by about 4500 meters and covers an area of about 2.5 million square kilometers.

Here is also the world's highest mountain system, the Himalayas (which in Sanskrit means "dwelling, shelter of snow"), which includes 17 (!) The highest mountains on the planet. Chinese-Nepalese Chomolungma (or Everest, 8848 meters), Pakistani K-2 (Chogo Gangri, 8611 meters) and Indian-Nepalese Kangchenjunga (Kangchen Dzö-nga, 8586 meters) top this impressive list

There are also many volcanoes in Asia, most of which are active. Among the most famous we highlight:

Volcano Klyuchevskaya Sopka in Kamchatka is the highest active volcanoes Eurasia (4750 meters). It is highly active to this day. The last recorded eruption was in 2007.
Indonesian (Krakatoa) is also world-famous, having once “gobbled up” itself. Once it was located on the island of the same name, located between Java and Sumatra, and in 1883 it gave birth to a mighty eruption (on a nuclear scale equal to approximately 200 megatons), which was heard even in Perth, Australia, 3,100 kilometers away.

The sky, even over Europe, was for a long time painted with an ominous red color due to clouds of ash raised into the atmosphere - the famous Norwegian artist Munch even dedicated this. By the way, another eruption of Krakatoa (in 1927) "gave birth" to a small (about 2 km in diameter) volcanic island, called "Son of Krakatau" (Anak Krakatau). He is growing rapidly and, like the parent, has a violent temper.

Let's also mention:

Pusuk Buhit, Lake Toba, Indonesia

Tomboro (Tambora or Tomboro), also in Indonesia and in 1815 during the eruption (presumably the strongest in recent history) that destroyed more than 70 thousand inhabitants of the island of Sumbawa
Indonesian (Lake Toba), which is also a supervolcano and covers an area of about 100 by 30 km. The largest volcano lake in the world. It is believed that the massive eruption of this volcano approximately 70-75 thousand years ago led to global climate change
A whole volcanic region is also in Indonesia, which is a popular tourist attraction in the country mainly because of its pristine landscape from the series “This is how the Earth was born”

Mount Fuji in Japan

(Fuji), considered one of the three Japanese " sacred mountains”and possessing a relatively “mild” disposition. The last of the recorded eruptions refers to 1707-1708. Fuji is located very close to the Japanese capital, Tokyo, is very loved by tourists and therefore is positioned as one of the main attractions of the "Land of the Rising Sun".

Any tourist can climb this mountain today - in the summer season!

The Asian continent includes a large number of islands. The largest of these are the Indonesian Borneos (the third largest, 743,330 km2, after and papua new guinea island in the world) and Sumatra (470,000 km2). And the most populated: Indonesian Java (124 million inhabitants, according to a 2005 estimate) and Japanese Honshu (103 million people).

, Sri Lanka

Some Asian countries are located exclusively on the islands (island): Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, Cyprus, Maldives, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Philippines and Japan and have no territories on the continent.

The largest peninsulas of Asia: Hindustan (or the subcontinent of India, with an area of 4,480,000 sq. km), the Arabian Peninsula, the Indochinese Peninsula, the Kamchatka Peninsula, the Korean Peninsula

Most big rivers continental Asia

Chinese Yangtze (6300 km long - 3rd in the world after the South American Amazon and the African Nile)
Russian river system Yenisei-Angara-Selenga (5540 km)
Chinese Huang He (Yellow River, 5464 km)
Russian river system Ob-Irtysh (5410 km)
Russian-Chinese-Mongolian river system Amur-Argun (4444 km)
Russian Lena (4400 km).

All these rivers and river systems are included in the list of the ten largest on the planet Earth.

Most big lakes Asia

The Caspian Sea (with an area of 371,000 km2) is a colossal body of salt water, which is recognized by various sources as either a sea or a lake.
(37,500 km2), in addition to being the deepest lake in the world (1470 meters) and the largest reservoir in terms of fresh water (23,600 cubic km)
Balkhash (18,428 km2).

It is noteworthy that all of these reservoirs are wholly or partially located on the territory of the former USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics).

IN South-East Asia many exciting sights and interesting places, such as Magic world coral reefs or breathtaking views of the skyline of Hong Kong, Singapore or Shanghai, but the peaks of the most beautiful mountains stand apart.

1. Mount Doi Luang in Chiang Dao ( Thailand)

Mount Doi Luang Chiang Dao is the highest limestone peak in Thailand and one of the dream destinations for nature lovers and active rest. The mountain, located in the Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, has a height of 2,195 meters from sea level. The peak is a great place to watch breathtaking scenery over the morning sea of mist. The surrounding highlands are home to rare species of birds and butterflies.

2. Bromo Volcano (Indonesia)

Bromo Volcano, 3392 meters high, is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Indonesia, the peak is located in East Java on the island of Java and belongs to volcanic complex Tengger. Bromo is the most iconic and most popular mountain in Indonesia. It majestically beckons with its sulphurous fumes from the depths of the Earth. Bromo Volcano is still one of the most active volcanoes in the world, and there are areas that are off-limits to tourists. Most beautiful landscape Bromo will open to you at sunrise.

3. Mount Apo (Philippines)

The active volcano Apo is located west of the city of Davao on the island of Mindanao. At 2,954 meters above sea level, Mount Apo is the highest peak in the Philippines. It stands covered in a forest of alpine tropical hardwoods. The highlands are home to the rare Philippine Eagle and have numerous peaks and valleys, as well as local attractions: Malasita Falls, Sibulao Lake and Kissinte Hot Springs.

4. Mount Hkakabo Razi (Myanmar)

Hkakabo Razi is considered the most high mountain in Myanmar. With a height of 5,881 meters, it is located at the point of contact between the borders of three states: India, Myanmar and China. The peak is in national park Hkakabo Razi, Myanmar, which is entirely mountainous and is characterized by broadleaf evergreen forests. Even higher, at about 4,600 meters, cold, barren, windy terrain and permanent snow and glaciers predominate. At an altitude of about 5,300 meters there is a large ice cap with several glaciers.

5. Phubia (Laos)

Mount Phubia is the highest peak and the most inaccessible region in Laos. With an altitude of 2,820 meters above sea level, it is part of the Annam mountain range on the southern limit of the Xiangkhuang plateau in the province of the same name. This area gives spectacular views of the jungle. The climate is cold and the area around the mountain is always cloudy.

6. Fansipan (Vietnam)

Fansipan Peak is located in Lao Cai province in the northwestern region of Vietnam. With a height of 3,143 meters above sea level, it is the highest mountain in Indochina. The peak is located 9 kilometers from Sa Pa, a village located on the Hoang Lian Son mountain range.

The majestic Mount Kinabalu is located in the state of Sabain, East Malaysia, or Malaysian Borneo. The mountain is located in Kinabalu Park, this is an object world heritage UNESCO. The peak and its surroundings are among the most important biological sites in the world. Mount Kinabalu boasts many natural attractions, including orangutans, and plant species such as the giant Rafflesia plants.

8. Mount Ihen (Indonesia)

Volcano Ichen located inside a largercalderasIchen, about 20 kilometers wide. Mount Merapi is the highest point of this complex, the name means "mountain of fire" in Indonesian. To the west of Gunung Merapi is the Ikhen volcano, which has a one-kilometer acidcrater lake withturquoise hue, the main attraction of this place.

9. Banaue Rice Terraces (Philippines)

How would you feel traveling over the low mud banks separating the flooded rice fields at over 1,500 meters and reaching the peaks of some peaks? It is priceless to walk through a terraced rice farm that rises to 1,500 meters above sea level. The Paradise Terraces of Banaue in Ifugao, Philippines are recognized for their spaciousness and boundless beauty.

The rice terrace is proof of the engineering ingenuity of ancient people. About 2,000 years ago, the ancestors of the native people of Ifugao carved these rice terraces by hand using primitive tools. It is now a World Heritage Site where you can immerse yourself in the culture of the Ifugao Highlands.

10. Mount Rinjani (Indonesia)

Mount Rinjani is an active volcano on the island of Lombok, Indonesia. With a height of 3,726 meters, it is the second highest peak in the country. Hiking in Rinjani is considered one of Indonesia's most popular pastimes among attractions. Hikers must climb up and then down into the crater to reach the lake at 2,000 meters above sea level.

Geography of Asia
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In the west, Asia borders on Europe, the east coast mediterranean sea, as well as with the Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus, the Black Sea, and the Caspian Sea.

Asia is bordered to the east by Pacific Ocean, and with a large number of bays and seas.

Northern Arctic Ocean and several seas form the northern border of Asia, one of them, the Bering Sea, separates Asia from North America. In the southwest, the Red Sea and the Isthmus of Suez separate the continent from Africa.

The Indian Ocean forms the bulk of southern border Asia, as well as a number of bays, gulfs, and seas, and, in addition, vast chains of inhabited and uninhabited islands.

Deserts of Asia

On the territory of Asia and the Near (Middle) East there are several vast deserts. The main ones will be listed next.

Arabian desert

Arabian wasteland (another name - deserts of the Arabian Peninsula) is a vast desert region stretching from Yemen to the Persian Gulf, and from Oman to Jordan and Iraq. The desert is located in the Middle East.

Gobi

Gobi Desert - largest desert in Asia, with an area of 1,300,000 sq. km. In the territory of the Gobi Desert, stretching from northern China to Mongolia, only about 18 cm of rain falls annually, due to the fact that Himalayan mountains block the path of rain clouds.

Karakum

The Karakum desert covers a distance of 350,000 square kilometers, almost 70 percent of the total area of Turkmenistan. Due to the fact that the desert is located along the Caspian Sea, climatic conditions in Karakum it is softer than many other Asian deserts, which are characterized by severe winters and dry summers.

Kyzylkum

On the territory of this desert, stretching from Kazakhstan to Uzbekistan, with an area of 300,000 square kilometers, a variety of flora and fauna is represented in abundance. And although only 10 - 20 cm of rainfall falls annually over the desert, rain occurs in cooler seasons, due to which the water does not evaporate very quickly, and allows you to support the existence of migratory birds in this area. large quantities animals.

Altyntag Mountains (upper left corner), forming
Part northern border Tibetan plateau,
contrast sharply with the Takla Makan desert.
NASA image
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Takla Makan

China's largest desert stretches over a total area of over 337,000 square kilometers. Mainly composed of changing and moving sand dunes, Takla Makan is one of the largest sand deserts in the world. Despite the hostile and unpredictable nature of the desert sands, the Chinese government built a road through the desert in the mid-1990s.

The Thar Desert, located on the territory of India and Pakistan, with an area of more than 200,000 square kilometers, is the only subtropical desert in Asia. Over the desert, up to 50 cm of rain falls annually, mainly during the monsoon period from July to September, and most of the crop is grown during this rainy season.

Lakes of Asia

There are dozens of seas and lakes in Asia. Some of the largest and most significant will be listed below.

Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea, located in the western part of Asia, as well as on eastern border Europe, is largest lake on the planet. This lake is called the "sea" thanks to the Romans, who considered it salty, especially on its southern borders, and since then the name has taken root. Oil and natural gas platforms abound along the seashores. In addition, a large number of sturgeons live in the waters of the lake, from the caviar of which especially valuable caviar is produced. Fresh water enters the sea via the Volga and Ural rivers in the north, but the sea is still brackish. The surface area of the lake is 371,000 sq. km., the greatest depth is 1,025 m.

Baikal

Lake Baikal is located in the southeastern part of Russia (in Siberia), north of Mongolia. Baikal is the largest freshwater lake in the world, as well as the deepest (with a depth of 1,620 m). Baikal contains 20% of the total amount of all fresh water in the world. The greatest width of Lake Baikal is 96 km, length is 626 km. The lake is completely surrounded by mountains, over 300 rivers and streams flow into it.

Aral Sea

The Aral Sea is located in the west of Asia, a little east of the Caspian Sea, on the territory of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. The Aral Sea is rapidly shallowing (evaporating) and today it is almost completely polluted with fertilizer runoff, residues from Soviet weapons testing, and various industrial facilities. The mismanagement of the waters of this sea, according to many experts, is one of the worst environmental disasters. The diversion of the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers for irrigation began in 1918, and this action, combined with other factors, has resulted in the Aral Sea now being 60% smaller than its original size. Behind last years the situation improved somewhat in the northern part of the sea, but Bottom part the sea is essentially abandoned, and it is expected that the remaining waters in this part of the water will disappear within ten years.

Mountains of Asia

There are several significant mountain ranges in Asia. Some of them will be considered below.

Altai mountains

The Altai Mountains are a mountain range located in East and Central Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan meet, and where the Irtysh and Ob rivers originate. Mount Belukha - the highest point Altai mountains(with a height of 4,506 m.).

Ghats

The Western Ghats are a mountain range along the western part of India, with an average elevation of 1,200 m. The Eastern Ghats are a mountain range along the eastern coast of India. The highest point is Biligiranga Hills (1552 m).

Himalayas

The photo on the left is of the Himalayan mountains. In the foreground is the Tibetan Plateau. Everest is visible in the center, Makalu is on the left.
The photo on the right depicts Mount Chogori. Both photos were taken from the ISS. NASA images
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Continental Asia is the dream of climbers all over the world. Almost all of its territory consists of mountains and plateaus. Here are the highest mountain systems of the planet. The mountains of Asia excite the imagination and attract attention. I would like to talk about them a little more.

Himalayas

Himalayas - powerful mountain range, which is the highest on Earth. The history of the formation of this mountain system has tens of millions of years. There are seven-thousanders and eight-thousanders here. Suffice it to say that all over the world there are only 14 peaks higher than 8 thousand meters, and 10 of them are located in these places. And the highest place on the planet - Chomolungma, is also here. The second name of this grandiose peak is Everest. Its height is 8848 m.

Asia attracts a lot of extreme sports. It can be assumed that the conquest of Everest for them is the main goal of life. Its slopes have become the last refuge of many climbers who have not reached the summit of Asia and the entire planet. For the first time, Chomolungma submitted to man in 1953, and since that time the flow of those wishing to set foot on the top of the world has not dried up.

The southern slopes of the Himalayas are constantly under the influence of monsoons and abound in precipitation. Northern slopes in the zone of cold and dry continental climate.

Pamir

This mountain system is located on the territory of several states. Afghanistan, China, Tajikistan and India are the countries through which the mountain range passes. The highest point of the Pamirs is Kongur Peak. To visit it, you have to go to China. The height of Kognur is 7649 meters above sea level.

The Pamirs can boast of three more seven-thousanders. today renamed as Ismail Samani peak. The height of the peak is 7495 m.

Lenin Peak is now the peak of Abu Ali ibn Sina. The height of the peak is 7134 m. The name of this peak immortalized the name of the greatest healer of antiquity - Avicenna.

Peak Korzhenevskaya. The greatest declaration of love! The summit with a height of 7105 m was discovered in 1910 by the Russian geographer Korzhenevsky and named after his wife and constant companion in the most difficult travels and expeditions - Evgenia Korzhenevskaya.

The climate of the Pamirs is sharply continental. It has very cold winters and short summers. The mountains of Asia, in principle, abound in glaciers, and the Pamirs are no exception. The largest glacier in the Pamirs is named after the great geographer and explorer Fedchenko. It was opened in 1928.

Karakorum

It would be a mistake to describe the mountains of Asia without talking about the Karakoram. In this system, an eight-thousander was formed, quite a bit yielding to the highest peak in the world. The name of this peak is Dapsang, and its height is 8611 m. The average height of this mountain system exceeds 6000 meters. Most of the passes are located at altitudes from 4500 to 5800 m. The Karakorum range consists of crystalline rocks, slates and various types of marble. The largest glaciers in Asia are also located here.

Tien Shan and Kunlun

These outstanding mountain systems are also among the highest in the world. Tien Shan passes through five countries. Its name is translated from Chinese as "heavenly mountains". A large number of peaks of this ridge are located above the mark of 6000 meters. The highest peak of the Tien Shan is located on the territory of Kyrgyzstan and is called Victory Peak. Its height is 7440 m.

Kunlun is the longest mountain range in Asia. Its length is more than 2700 km. And the highest point of the system is Mount Aksai-Chin, whose height is 7167 m. The name of the entire system is translated as “moon mountains”.

This is only part of the answer to the question of which mountains are the highest in Asia. Full list Asian mountain systems consists of several dozen titles. So for people curious in this direction there is still a lot of interesting information.

is not only a unique culture, but also beautiful nature. On the territory of this part of the world, seas and steppes, plains for many thousands of kilometers and the highest peaks of the world, which occupy ¾ of the land, adjoin. The latter will be discussed in our rating.

Except for herself famous mountain of the world - Everest, in Central and Central Asia there are many other peaks that were widely covered in cinema and literature and which took the lives of careless travelers. There are relatively few mountains favorable to climbers, but they are becoming a popular platform for various kinds of records. We present you a list of the 10 highest mountains in Asia.

10. Annapurna, 8091 m

This mountain is known from a bad point of view - it is believed that it is during its conquest that most climbers die. So, at some point, the mortality rate reached a record 32%. But just on Annapurnu more than half a century ago, the first ascent among all the "eight-thousanders" was made.

His unusual name the peak is indebted to Sanskrit - from this language its name is translated as " Goddess of fertility". The living world here is really diverse thanks to the nearby river, but you won’t be able to enjoy it for a long time - changeable weather and constantly forming avalanches will spoil the mood of gaping travelers.

9. Nanga Parbat, 8125 m

Unfortunately the mountain Nanga Parbat also known as a killer peak: it has collected a large number of accidents that have occurred while climbing it.

Interesting that the very first climber who tried to conquer the mountain became her first victim. Since then, more than 400 people have died on the slopes of the summit.

It is curious that not always the causes of death were avalanches or negligence during mountaineering. So, 6 years ago, a terrorist attack was committed on the camp of athletes, which led to victims. At the same time, the peak several times became the “main character” of documentary films of different years.

8. Manaslu, 8156 m

Now up the mountain Manaslu You can climb 10 different routes. Top - favorite place for setting records, the last of them was recorded quite recently: the Italian climber was the first woman to overcome the descent on alpine skis.

Manaslu also had a lot of victims: travelers suffered from avalanches that covered them, as well as from their own indiscretion when they fell into one of the many crevices.

However, at the top formed national park along which the footpath runs. This trip will take about 2 weeks.

7. Dhaulagiri, 8167 m

Mountain Dhaulagiri is main summit mountain range of the same name in the Himalayas. It is interesting that this particular mountain is characterized by a relatively small glaciation, which means that it is somewhat safer to conquer it than others.

In addition, at the beginning of the 19th century, Dhaulagiri was considered highest point in the world, and therefore expeditions to it were undertaken with enviable regularity. But success was not achieved immediately - only in the middle of the 20th century the mountain was conquered on the eighth attempt.

Unusual name explained appearance"Snow-white giant" - from Sanskrit Dhaulagiri is translated as " white mountain».

6. Cho Oyu, 8201 m

This is one of the favorite peaks for climbing climbers. As of the early 2000s, it has been conquered more than 3,000 times, and this number is steadily growing every year. Everest is the most popular. At the same time, the number of victims does not exceed 2%, which makes the peak one of the safest in our rating.

Now you can get to the top by 15 different routes, the first of which was laid more than half a century ago. Even young athletes decide to go on an expedition - 5 years ago, a 16-year-old boy set the record, and in 2019, Cho Oyu was climbed by his peer from Australia.

5. Makalu, 8462 m

Long time top Makalu remained unconquered, so the glory of one of the most difficult mountains over 8000 m was firmly entrenched in it. It has been known to people since the middle of the 19th century, but the first expedition was undertaken only a century later - then the climbers never reached the highest point.

A year later, travelers were able to conquer the peak, even calling it " mountain of happiness”- it is believed that the group was lucky with the weather, so it was not difficult for them to climb Makalu.

Now 15 routes lead to Makalu, the most difficult of which, from a technical point of view, was laid by a Russian team. This cost a group of athletes several victims, including the captain.

4. Lhotse, 8516 m

Mountain Lhotse marks the border between China and Nepal. Travelers discovered this peak relatively recently: the first expedition took place only 60 years ago, and the middle mountain from the chain was discovered at all in the early 2000s. Therefore, there are still significantly fewer routes leading to Lhotse than to its neighbors.

The total number of ascents is also quite modest and does not exceed 300, and the number of victims is 9 climbers.
At the same time, Lhotse is considered the most beautiful peak, but difficult to climb - all because of the large number of rocky ridges that appear every now and then as soon as athletes overcome the 8000-meter mark.

3. Kanchenjunga, 8586 m

Around this mountain range, located both in Nepal and in Nepal, a special National Park has been formed. The name of the mountain translates as " Five treasures from the great snow': array consists of 5 picturesque peaks. In the literature, each of them was assigned their own treasures - grain, sacred books, weapons, salt and gold. But travelers who climbed there met with death more often than with unknown gifts.

So, in Nepal there is a legend that Kanchenjunga possesses the strongest female energy, therefore it “kills” all climbers. The first woman who managed to descend alive from the summit set this record only in 1998. However, the number of victims on the mountain is still growing, while with the rest of the peaks there is a downward trend in mortality.

2. K2, 8612 m

legendary mountain Chogori, or as most know it K2, is considered among athletes " wild mountain due to the difficulty of climbing. It is almost impossible to climb it from China, therefore, most often attempts are made from the territory of Pakistan. But even there, luck is far from always on the side of climbers - the mortality rate exceeded 23% and continues to grow.

Climbing K2 is considered technically more difficult than even Mount Everest, therefore, out of 280 people, more than 66 people died. Chogori can be conquered only in summer, none of the groups that went there in winter could carry out their plans.

1. Everest, 8848 m

Chomolungmu, or Everest know still from the school curriculum. This is the highest record peak on the planet, which rises above sea level by 8848 meters. Expeditions to it are constantly organized, and this despite all the difficulties: the ascent takes at least 2 months, athletes lose 15 kilograms per trip.

Heads of the countries in whose territory it is located mountain range, introduced some mandatory fees - both for the ascent itself and for Additional services for travelers. Commercial firms also make money by providing equipment and instructors. There are so many who wish that expeditions even have their own sequence - therefore, a trip to Everest is recorded long before the desired date.