"Barguzinsky Reserve" - ​​Total area - 263,000 ha. Birds of prey are not uncommon in the taiga. Cedar cones. There are many bears in the reserve. The average annual temperature is minus 4.4. Pine nuts are the main food for taiga animals and birds. The Barguzinsky Nature Reserve was founded in 1916. Barguzinsky sable. In January, calm sunny and frosty weather sets in.

"Almaty Reserve" - ​​Flora of Altyn-Emel Park. The tongue of the glacier cracks into numerous blocks and quickly moves down. Zaisan was inhabited by kulans. The parent rocks are represented by loess loams, pebbly and gypsum-bearing Tertiary deposits. Reptiles are represented by 25 species. The total area of ​​the park is 459620 hectares.

"Alakol Reserve" - ​​In total, 33 species of mammals are found in the reserve. Vegetation. The people of the island are called Stone. On the elevated parts of the Alakol basin, low-calcareous gray soils are developed. The Delta section is south coast lake . The foot of the hills is gravelly-pebbly with loams and small solonchaks.

"Caucasian Reserve" - ​​Nature of the Caucasian Reserve. Climatic conditions. The Caucasian Reserve is located in the Western Caucasus, within the Mostovsky and Maikop regions. The reserve has the largest scientific department in Russia (more than 30 employees at the end of 2001). Undoubtedly, the most vulnerable link in natural ecosystems are large mammals.

"Altai Reserve" - ​​Iogach. Photo: A. Lotov. Yaylu. Project presentation before Public Council, September 13, 2007. The Altai Biosphere Reserve (core) occupies about 10% of the territory of the Altai Republic. Object of the World natural heritage UNESCO "Altai - Golden Mountains" (1998). Pos. Involvement of the local population.

"Reserves of Russia" - Taiga, upland, oak and steppe elements are noted in the flora of the reserve. Reserves. There are 3 species of reptiles and 5 species of amphibians. Located on the Central Russian Upland in the Lipetsk region. The publication of the study of the tract caused a sensation in the scientific world. Berkut on Olkhon island. A protected zone with a total area of ​​6,213 hectares has been created around the reserve.

The main purpose of creation national parks and reserves - the protection of living organisms, balancing on the verge of extinction.

RESERVES

Reserves are areas of territories or water areas that are forever withdrawn from economic use, in which it is preserved in natural

condition all natural
complex.
Any kind of
types of economic activity -
hunting, logging, berry picking.

Great Arctic Reserve

Formed by Council Decree
Ministers - Government of the Russian
Federation of May 11, 1993
The main area of ​​the reserve is
to the arctic tundra subzone, and most
northern sections - to the zone of the Arctic
deserts.

Animal world

in the territory
reserve
dating 18
species
mammals

Vegetable world

Among flowering
plants especially
stands out
colorful, bright
flowering species - poppy
pillow-shaped.

Birds

live here 124
bird species from
which 55 species
reliably
nest on it
territory

BARGUZINSKY RESERVE

Square
reserve - 374
322 ha, including
15,000 ha
is
reserved
water area.
The reserve was created
in 1916.

Animal world

Barguzin
sable

Baikal
omul

ASTRAKHAN RESERVE

Astrakhan
state
natural
reserve -
nature reserve in the delta
Volga river in
Astrakhan
regions of Russia.
Established April 11
1919

Animal world

In the nature reserve
17 species live
mammals.

Vegetable world

There exists 293
plant species
Lotus pink

Birds

Registered 256
bird species, of which 97
nesting

USSURIYSKY RESERVE

Ussuri
state
natural
reserve named after
acad. V. L. Komarova
created in 1932 .
It's made for
animals that are
turn
are part of
living nature.

Animal world

Vertebrates
represented by 62 species
mammals
giant shrew
Far Eastern
forest cat
A
M
at
R
WITH
To
AND

Vegetable world

There is 868
plant species
Ginseng

NATIONAL PARKS OF THE WORLD

Africa Kruger National Park.

The very first
African reserve
and one of the very first
reserves in the world.
national park
Kruger created in 1898
as a nature reserve
President's initiative
Transvaal P. Kruger.
National status
park reserve
received in 1926.

Animal world

90,000 impala antelope
27,000 African
buffaloes
17,800 zebras
11,700 elephants
9,600 wildebeest

North America. Yellowstone National Park.

Yellowstone Square
national park - about
900,000 hectares.
The park is located in the state
Wyoming (USA).
In this area are located
origins largest rivers
North America: Snake,
Missouri, Yellowstone,
resulting from
alpine
lakes.

Animal world

The grizzly bear is the largest carnivore

Here on the stretch of the valley
about 48 km long
more
six hundred hot
sources and steam
mines, as well as seventy
geysers.
The most famous of
Geysers in Yellowstone
- Old Faithfull.
The widespread opinion
that he erupts very
regularly - every 57
minutes.

Bison herd in the Lamar Valley

If the reserve serves as a natural standard for obtaining scientific information, then the national park is a standard for cognitive information about nature.

If the reserve serves
natural benchmark for
scientific
information, then
national park- standard
cognitive information
about nature for all citizens.

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Reserves and National parks Russia

Reserves are specially protected territories or water areas where they try to preserve nature in its original form. To do this, in the territory of the reserve, any economic activity and tourism.

National parks are almost the same as a nature reserve, but tourism is allowed in the parks.

In total, there are 101 nature reserves and 35 national parks in Russia. Most nature reserves are located on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk, Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories.

The first nature reserve in Russia is the Barguzinsky nature reserve in Buryatia. The largest reserves are: Bolshoy Arktichny, Komandorsky and Wrangel Island.

The first national park - Sochi National Park and " Moose Island" in Moscow. The largest national parks: "Udege legend", "Yudyg Va", "Tunkinsky", "Vodlozersky", Shorsky.

Wrangel Island in the North Arctic Ocean between the East Siberian and Chukchi seas. Named after the 19th century Russian navigator and statesman Ferdinand Petrovich Wrangel. The width of the island in the narrowest part is about 140 km.

The reserve "Wrangel Island" became the first Russian Arctic reserve. The total area of ​​the reserve is 795,600 hectares, 5 miles of which surround the reserve from the sea.

The climate here is very severe, strong cold winds blow here. In the period from November 22 to January 22, the sun does not rise here at all! But there is also a polar day, this is the time when the sun does not set for more than a day, it usually lasts from the 20th of May to the 20th of July.

Completely different "northern animals" live on the island, such as: arctic foxes, arctic wolves, lemmings, seals, walruses; here you can meet the owner of the island - a polar bear, often there are wolves, foxes, wolverines, ermines

Wrangel Island is popular with both resident and migratory birds. Migratory birds use this skeleton as a resting point during major flights. Approximately 20 species arrive on the island and live here temporarily, and the same number live permanently in the reserve.

The reserve is home to such rare bird species as the white goose. Eiders, Icelandic sandpipers, tules, glaucous gulls, fork-tailed gulls, long-tailed skuas, snowy owls also live here.

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Project "Reserves and national parks of Russia"

The relevance of the chosen topic. On the territory of Russia there are many corners of nature that are unique in their beauty. Often we do not think about the riches that nature has given us. Striving for more comfortable...

Topic: “Reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks of the Chelyabinsk region” Lesson type: Lesson-excursion Purpose of the lesson: To acquaint students with reserved places native land, animals and plants that are found ...

Presentation "Reserves and National Parks of Russia"

On this topic, a group of students under my leadership spoke at the scientific-practical conference "The Edge of Creativity", where it turned out to be a winner among the speakers. This project was dedicated to the 100th anniversary of...

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National parks are nature protection, environmental education and research institutions, the territories (water areas) of which include natural complexes and objects of special ecological, historical and aesthetic value, and which are intended for use in environmental, educational, scientific and cultural purposes and for regulated tourism. Land, water, subsoil, flora and fauna located on the territory of national parks are provided for use (possession) to national parks on the rights provided for by laws. nature reserve, recreational and buffer zones in which economic activities of varying intensity are allowed (tourism and other forms of recreation, traditional nature management, sparing agricultural and forest management activities).

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The area of ​​Yellowstone National Park is about 900,000 hectares. The park is located in Wyoming (USA). In this area, the sources of the largest rivers in North America are located: the Snake, Missouri, Yellowstone, flowing from the eponymous alpine lake. The lake adjoins the Central Plateau from the south. The height of the Yellowstone Plateau ranges from 1710 m (in the north) to 3463 m (in the central part of the park). In the northern part of the park there is the Blacktaildier and Mirror Plateau, in the southeast - the Two Oceans Plateau. Yellowstone is home to over 10,000 geothermal natural wonders. The Continental Divide runs along the high plateau of the Rocky Mountains. From here, rivers flow both to the east and to the west, but part of the water seeps into the depths. This explains the amazing natural phenomena of Yellowstone. The plateau was once shaken by powerful volcanic eruptions. Thousands of years ago, as a result of one of them, a giant crater 75 kilometers long and 45 kilometers wide was formed. Molten rock - still "does not sleep" under the earth's crust, maintaining the heat in the Yellowstone "cauldron".

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Grand Canyon National Park Colorado Canyon is a giant chasm on the high plateau of Colorado in Arizona in the southwestern United States. The Grand Canyon is not the deepest canyon on Earth. However, it is known for its size and stunning scenery. The park covers an area of ​​4931 sq. km. in the middle reaches of the Colorado River. Grand Canyon National Park is located within the Colorado Plateau in Arizona in the southwestern United States. The maximum depth of the canyon is 1829 meters. In the area of ​​​​the famous village of the Grand Canyon at the southern edge, its depth reaches 1524 m. To go down from the edge of the canyon to the river bank, you need to walk 11.3 km. The width of the canyon in this place (at the level of the plateau) reaches 16 km. The maximum width of the canyon in some places reaches 29 km. Although the nature protection status of part of this territory was assigned already in 1883, the national park grand canyon The Colorado River was only declared in 1919.

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Jasper National Park Jasper National Park is located on the eastern slopes of the Cordillera. It combines the landscapes of the highlands of the Main and Front Ranges, which are diverse in structure, as well as the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. The total area of ​​the park is 10750 sq. km. The park is located 320 km. west of the city of Edmonton (capital of the province of Alberta) and 290 km. northwest of the city of Calgary. The park is one of the most visited conservation sites in Canada by tourists. Mount Robson and Humber Provincial Parks adjoin Jasper National Park from the west, and the park from the north wildlife Willmore, to the east are the Rocky Mountains Preserve and the White Goat and Bighorn Protected Areas. The park was founded in 1907. In 1984, the park was declared a World cultural heritage UNESCO. The park is located 320 km. west of the city of Edmonton (capital of the province of Alberta) and 290 km. northwest of the city of Calgary. The park is one of the most visited conservation sites in Canada by tourists. Jasper National Park is bordered to the west by Mount Robson and the Humber Provincial Parks, to the north by Willmore Wildlife Park, to the east by the Rocky Mountains Preserve and the White Goat and Bighorn Protected Areas. The park was founded in 1907. In 1984, the park was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

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Yosemite National Park Yosemite National Park (USA, California) was created in 1890 thanks to the tireless efforts of naturalist John Muir. In 1890, the US Congress declared it a nature reserve, and already in 1864, Congress awarded Yosemite Valley in California the status of a public park. In our time at the top of the season Yosemite park teeming with people. Every year, the beauty of the park attracts four million visitors. The management of the reserve strives to preserve the pristine nature of this region, and not to forget about tourists. Nowadays, at the peak of the season, Yosemite Park is teeming with people. Every year, the beauty of the park attracts four million visitors. The management of the reserve strives to preserve the pristine nature of this region, and not to forget about tourists.

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La Amistad International Park. La Amistad International Park is located on both sides of the Panamanian-Costa Rican border. The park includes two biosphere reserves bordering each other. One of them is in Costa Rica, the other is in Panama. Both reserves are called the same - La Amistad, which means "friendship" in Spanish. The total area of ​​this natural complex is more than 1 million hectares. In 1983, it was included in the UNESCO List of Natural and Cultural Heritage Sites.

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Corcovado National Park (Costa Rica) Corcovado National Park is a beautiful piece of nature in the south of Costa Rica. It is located on the Osa Peninsula, on the Pacific coast. The area of ​​the park is 54,000 hectares. The magnificence of the nature of this remote, almost untouched forest in Central America, the diversity of its flora and fauna attracts the attention of people. There are at least eight ecosystems on the territory of Corcovado. About 500 species of trees grow in the park, the largest of which is the cotton tree. Reaching a diameter of three meters, it rises more than 70 meters. Corcovado can see almost 400 species of feathered inhabitants. The park is home to the largest population of red macaws in the country.

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Monteverde National Park (Costa Rica) In the 1960s, a group of scientists and local residents founded the Cloud Forest Reserve in Monteverde, which eventually included the watershed zone. Since then, the reserve has been expanded several times, and now it covers approximately 10,500 hectares. This reserve is one of the most attractive places in Costa Rica. Every year, about 50,000 tourists climb the steep, winding dirt road to reach Monteverde. Numerous bird lovers and naturalists come here to observe all kinds of birds, animals and plants that have found refuge in the reserve and nearby areas.

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Zhau National Park Zhau National Park was organized in 1980. This is one of the largest national parks in Brazil. Its area is 2272000 hectares, which is 1.42% of the entire Amazon state. In 2000, the park was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. In 2003, the Jau National Park was merged with several other protected areas and became part of the Central Amazonian reserve complex.

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Chaco National Park Chaco National Park is located in the central part of the South American continent, in the east of the Gran Chaco plain. This name can be translated as "Big hunting field". Chaco Park was founded in 1954. The park was established by the Argentine government to protect the unique landscapes of the most elevated parts of the Eastern Chaco.

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Los Glaciares National Park Los Glaciares National Park covers an area of ​​almost 446 thousand hectares (according to some sources, 760 thousand hectares). The park is the second largest conservation site in Argentina. It is located along the Chilean border in the province of Santa Cruz south of the 50th parallel. For the first time, the territory between the lakes Viedma and Lago Argentino was taken under protection by the Argentine state in 1937. However, this territory was declared a national park only shortly before the end of World War II in April 1945. The modern boundaries of the Los Glaciares National Park were statutorily established only in the fall of 1971. In 1981, Los Glaciares National Park was inscribed on the List of Natural World Heritage Sites. Over 40 percent of the national park is covered eternal ice constituting the so-called Southern Patagonian Ice Sheet. Powerful valley glaciers diverge from this shield to the west and east. In the east (in Chile), the "ends" of these glaciers descend into Pacific Ocean. In Argentina, most glacial tongues end in large lakes.

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Manu Manu National Park is one of the oldest major tropical parks in the world. Manu National Park was established on May 29, 1973. 14 years later (in 1987) it was recognized as a UNESCO World and Natural Heritage Site, and also received the status of a biosphere reserve. Manu National Park is located in the southeast of Peru, 1400 km from the capital (Lima). The total area of ​​the reserve is 1.9 million hectares. The park is divided into three zones: the national park itself, the reserve and the cultural zone. The main purpose of the creation of the Manu National Park is the conservation of tropical biodiversity.

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Paracas National Park Paracas National Park. It is located about 250 kilometers south of Lima, on the path of the Pan American Highway. The Paracas National Park covers 335,000 hectares of coastline and the Paracas Peninsula. It was formed in 1975 by the Peruvian government with the aim of preserving the many animals that live here and migrate annually. It fosters respect for the environment and promotes the development of tourism. It was here that more than 100 archaeological sites were discovered - evidence centuries-old culture Paracas. Coastal waters are home to sea lions, cat otters, dolphins, over 200 bird species and 4 species of sea turtles.

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Virunga Virunga National Park is one of the oldest national parks in Africa. It is located in the northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. For 300 kilometers, the border of the park coincides with the state borders of Rwanda and Uganda. The official birth year of Virunga Park is 1929. Then it was named Albert and Kivu National Park. In 1969, a separate Virunga National Park was separated from the Albert and Kivu single conservation area. Currently, the territory of the park borders on the lands of the Ruwenzori National Park in Uganda and the Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda. The area of ​​the Virunga National Park is 790 thousand hectares. Landscapes in the national park are very diverse. Here you can find grassy and tree savannahs, low-growing permanently wet forests, bamboo thickets, swamps, meadows, glaciers, snowfields and extensive lava plateaus. The territory of the park is stretched from north to south and consists of three different parts. Northern part includes the Rwenzori mountains and the Semliki valley, in the center are Lake Eduard and the plains of Rvindi, Rutshuru and Ishasha. The southern part is the Nyamlagira and Nyaragongo lava plateaus, as well as part of the Virunga volcanic massif.

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Air and Tenere Nature Reserve The Air and Tenere Nature Reserve is located on southern border desert Sahara. Its area is 77000 sq. km. The reserve was founded in 1988. Immediately, about 15% of its territory was allocated to a special reserve with a strict protection regime to protect the addax antelope. In 1991, the reserve was included in the list of UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage Sites. There are many interesting geological monuments on the Air Plateau. Both the plateau and mountain ranges are dissected by deep valleys. However, only temporary streams flow here, which come to life only for a short time after the rains. The climate of the reserve is typical for the Central Sahara: very hot and dry. Nowhere in the reserve does more than 100 mm of precipitation fall annually.

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Serengeti National Park The Serengeti National Park is located on the African Great Rift. It is included in the list of the most famous national parks in the world. The Serengeti National Park is a 30,000 square kilometer low-grass hilly valley in Tanzania and Kenya. They are covered with juicy grass, which grows well on fertile soil of volcanic origin. The Serengeti is an animal paradise that delights everyone who visits it.

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Nairobi National Park Just seven kilometers from the capital of Kenya, there is a small savannah with tall grass and rare sprawling trees - Nairobi National Park, with a total area of ​​​​only 117 square meters. km. This park was opened before many similar parks in Kenya, in 1946. This is one of the few parks in the world where you can simultaneously enjoy the beauty of almost untouched wildlife and not lose sight of the silhouette. big city. The fauna and flora of the Nairobi National Park is so diverse that you might think that you are in the heart of wild Africa, and not on the outskirts of a multi-million city. In the park you can see lions, rhinos, cheetahs, antelopes, giraffes, gazelles. The Athi River flows there, in the waters of which there are crocodiles and hippos, and in the coastal forests - birds and monkeys. About 400 different bird species have been recorded in Nairobi National Park. One of the features of the park is a large number of rhinos living in it, about 50 individuals. Here, unlike other parks and reserves, you can almost always see the black rhinoceros in its natural habitat. In the national park there is also a shelter-cure for the wounded and sick animals.

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Kilimanjaro National Park Kilimanjaro National Park was founded in 1973 and now occupies 756 square meters. km. The foot of the mountain is at an altitude of 1829 m above sea level, and the peak of Kibo is at an altitude of 5895 m. Kilimanjaro National Park has been included in the List world heritage in 1987 Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest single mountain in the world. Mount Kilimanjaro was formed as a result of a series of volcanic movements. As a result of volcanic activity, three peaks were formed - Shira, Kibo and Mawenzi.

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Fiordland National Park ( New Zealand) New Zealand is one of the most environmentally friendly corners of the Earth. A third of the country's area (more than 5 million hectares) is protected areas. New Zealand has 14 national parks. On south island is the largest national park in New Zealand - Fiordland. The park is located in the northwestern part of the island. The length of the park is 230 km, the total area is 1200 thousand hectares. Fiordland National Park was founded in 1952. It is currently included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

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Vanoise National Park The Vanoise National Park is the first national park in France. It was founded in 1963. The reason for the creation of the park was the threat of complete extermination of stone goats in this area. Definitely, Vanoise can be called the main national park of France. Vanoise National Park is located to the south mountain range Mont Blanc and extends along the Alps mountain range in the Savoie region. This is a relatively small park. The park is divided into two zones: the central one has a length of 528 sq. km. and peripheral zone - 1450 sq. km. The peripheral zone is the area that surrounds the central one; it was created to protect wildlife in the central zone in order to preserve it in its original form. The Peripheral Zone makes it possible to further restrict people's access to these beautiful wild lands. For 14 kilometers, the Vanoise National Park borders on the Italian Gran Paradiso National Park. Both parks form the largest protected area Western Europe

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Coto de Doñana National Park Spain's legendary 50,000-hectare Doñana National Park serves as a spring bird airport that welcomes hundreds of thousands of birds flying from Africa to Europe, stopping in these swampy woodlands to nest and breed.

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Thingvellir National Park Thingvellir National Park was created by decree of the Icelandic Parliament in 1928. This is the very first protected area in Iceland. It is also one of the oldest national parks in Europe. During the 20th century, the territory of the park was expanded several times. The last time the boundaries of the national park were changed in 2004.

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National Park Belovezhskaya Pushcha The National Park "Belovezhskaya Pushcha" is located on the territory of the Kamenets and Pruzhany districts of the Brest region and the Svisloch district of the Grodno region. Administrative center The national park is located in the village of Kamenyuki, Kamenetsky district. The State National Park "Belovezhskaya Pushcha", located on the territory of the Republic of Belarus, is a single natural complex with the Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park of the Republic of Poland. The area of ​​the national park is 87,363 ha on the Belarusian side; from the Polish - 10,501 ha. Belovezhskaya Pushcha is the only large massif of old-age forests of the Western European type preserved in its natural state in Europe with elements of western, northern and southern flora. Animal world of the National Park "Belovezhskaya Pushcha" is rich and diverse. Its territory is inhabited by 59 species of mammals (including 6 protected), 253 species of birds, 11 species of amphibians, 7 species of reptiles, 24 species of fish and more than 11,000 species of invertebrates.

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Paanajärvi National Park Paanajärvi National Park is located in the north-west of the Republic of Karelia, in its most elevated part. The Paanajärvi National Park was established on May 20, 1992 by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 331. The area of ​​the national park is 104,473 hectares. Vegetable world- the main attraction of the park. Its originality is determined by three factors - the low-mountain nature of the relief, the presence of carbonate rocks (dolomites) favorable for the growth of many calciphilous plants, and, finally, the presence of large natural massifs untouched by man. 217 species of vertebrates are registered in the area of ​​the national park: 36 species of mammals, 160 species of birds, 3 species of amphibians and reptiles, 17 species of fish and 1 species of cyclostomes. The pearl of the park is Lake Paanajärvi, characterized by its small size (1.5 by 24 km) and exceptional depth (128 m). There are many rapids on the rivers, there are significant waterfalls. Reservoirs abound with valuable species of fish.

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Barguzinsky Reserve The Barguzinsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve is one of the oldest reserves in Russia, established by a decree of the Irkutsk Governor-General dated May 17, 1916, and in early 1917 the creation of the reserve was formalized by a government decree. main reason The creation of the reserve was a catastrophic fall of the fur and, in particular, sable trade. Expeditions to Lake Baikal, Kamchatka and the Sayan mountains were organized to save the sable from complete destruction and organize reserves. According to the results of the survey, among others (Sayansky and others), the Barguzinsky Reserve was designed. Conventions In 1986, the Barguzinsky Reserve received the status of a biosphere reserve. In 1996, the Barguzinsky Reserve, along with other Baikal protected areas, was included in the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage List (nomination "Lake Baikal").

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Sagarmatha Sagarmatha is an outstanding natural landscape comprising highlands, glaciers and deep gorges dominated by highest peak world - Mount Everest (8848 m). The park is home to several rare animal species, including the snow leopard and red panda. The unique culture of the local population - the Sherpas - also draws attention to this area.

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Komodo National Park Komodo National Park is located in the center of the Indonesian archipelago, between the islands of Sumbawa and Flores. The national park domain contains 603 square kilometers of land and 1,214 square kilometers of turquoise sea ​​waters. The park includes three main islands: Komodo, Rinca and Padar, as well as many small islands with a total area of ​​​​1817 kilometers, which are also included in the group of Small sunda islands. This national park has several beautiful exotic islands coupled with rich coastal and wild marine nature. Its unique wide biodiversity has made it the most popular park in Indonesia.