The history of the village Loknya. Know your native land
Loknya is a small regional center in the Pskov region, generated by the railway. In 1904, a steel line connected St. Petersburg with Vitebsk (the Dno-Novosokolniki section was built three years earlier), and the Loknya station got its name from the river flowing nearby - a tributary of the Lovat. At the station, a railway settlement of the same name arose, which in the Soviet years grew significantly due to the development of light industry. Now it is quite an ordinary urban-type settlement with a population of three and a half thousand inhabitants, and it is unlikely that a traveler will find something interesting here. But firstly, as I never tire of repeating, my principle of travel assumes that literally any place is interesting, and secondly, Loknya has recently been a special case for me. A year ago (or six months before the trip), I had a very colorful dream in which, when I was in Lokna under very unusual circumstances (lag behind the train with a subsequent attempt to catch up with it on my own two feet), I discovered a functioning trolleybus system in the village! And then he began to actively promote this topic to the masses. But this post is not about the trolleybus - I leave the dream and the humor that accompanied it in general out of the brackets here (although there will still be mention of the trolleybus), and this post is dedicated to the real Lokna, which I visited in early May.
On the 4th of May at 9-40 in the morning, a yellow PAZik departed from the Velikiye Luki bus station on the Velikiye Luki - Nasva - Loknya message, where I was among the few passengers. If I had already been to Luki two years earlier, now I am going to places where I have never been, but a huge number of times, starting from early childhood, I traveled by train. The Petersburg-Vitebsk highway is completely dear to me - all trains from St. them, did not sleep at night. By the way, Velikiye Luki, where I spent the night on my May trip, is already very close to Belarus - only 75 kilometers to the border and 160 kilometers to Vitebsk. But this time I advanced in the direction of St. Petersburg. The bus first went through the vicinity of Velikiye Luki, where mass graves stand at every height - a reminder of the bloody Velikiye Luki operation in the winter of 1942-1943, then went to the Vitebsk railway and drove along it (from the window I saw the small Kiselevichi station). Then there was a 10-minute stop in the village of Nasva, and another forty-five minutes of the road to Lokni, where the bus passed, including the village of Golenishchevo, where the now restored St. Nicholas Church is located, in which M. I. Kutuzov got married. Finally at 11-45 the bus arrived in Loknya.
2. A small and very modest-looking bus station with a sign, probably from Soviet times:
For clarity, the route of my movement along Lokna. The green numbers indicate the numbers of the photos in the post (not all, but only selectively), the green arrows next to the numbers indicate the direction of the camera.
3. Interior in the colors of the Ukrainian flag. In the distance, on the wall, you can see a rare wooden diagram of the movement of buses in the Loknyansky district. Also clearly still Soviet. From the Loknya bus station, you can take direct flights to Luki, Pskov, and even St. Petersburg.
4. The bus station, as usual, is next to the railway station, which is visible in the background.
5. On railway station quiet and deserted. Most trains long distance passes here at night (including those that I used to ride between St. Petersburg and Minsk), and there are almost no suburban ones left. I have to use one of the few remaining ones on the same day, already in the late afternoon. The photo shows a view to the south, that is, towards Novosokolniki and Vitebsk.
6. And the opposite view, towards the bottom and St. Petersburg. The weather is excellent for the beginning of May - sunny, and even a little hot, I calmly walked around in a T-shirt and without a jacket.
I must say that now there are not as many long-distance trains here as it used to be. The fact is that the trains to Ukraine, canceled in connection with the well-known events, were reduced in traffic. To a heap at the beginning of this year, the Belarusian train St. Petersburg - Brest was also canceled, which, however, now, when I am writing, has already been returned.
7. A beautiful post-war station, the same as at the Zemtsy station in the Tver region. By the way, in my opinion, this is the case when the corporate colors of Russian Railways did not spoil the building much. The red stripe is almost imperceptible, and the light gray color even suits the station as a whole. Before repainting, I remember it was either turquoise or red-pink.
8. I have already seen this station many times, passing here by train. But every time I saw him at night, when it was dark, the lights were on at the station, and there was light inside the station. It is even unusual to see this place in the daytime in the light of the sun.
9. The interior of the station. Here they did not, as in Zemtsy, fence off half of the premises.
And this is what the pre-revolutionary railway station built in 1901 looked like. But it was not preserved - it burned down during the Great Patriotic War. The war greatly devastated this region, therefore, the architectural appearance of most settlements is created by post-war typical buildings.
10. There are other station buildings. This is apparently the luggage compartment.
11. Post EC:
12. Another view to the north, where I have to go in a few hours. To the right are stacks of timber ready for loading.
13. And this is how the station looks from the side of Lenin Square - the village station square. "What, did you like the station?" asked a passing woman smiling. “Well, yes, beautiful,” I say, continuing to photograph. Of course, I didn’t say anything about the trolleybus :)
14. This is what the station area looks like. Sovetskaya street runs along the railway.
15. A shabby pink building is, if I'm not mistaken, no longer functioning public baths.
16. Lenin Square and trolleybus ring No. 1. The train station is just to the right of the frame.
17. On the square, opposite the station, there is the village administration and a monument to Ilyich in a cap in front of it.
18. Last year's booth. Which, by the way, would be more logical to put on the next street - near the recreation center.
19. Quite an interesting two-story brick building with an attic on the roof. Possibly pre-war.
20. The post office building is a former department store. Typical post-war project of the 1950s. for small towns.
21. And in this building, most likely from the 1950s, some imitation of classicism of the 19th century is already noticeable.
I gradually move away from the station, that is, I go out of sight of the passenger of the train passing Loknya. All the same, this is an interesting feeling - when many times I passed through some place on a train, the parking of which was only a couple of minutes, and now I have arrived here, I can leave the station, take a walk and see what is there, outside of this "field vision." And my childhood impression plays a role here - such names as Soltsy, Dno, Dedovichi, Loknya and other Novosokolniki - were familiar to me from childhood from the train schedules hanging in the cars. It seems clear that there is hardly anything unexpected in all these places, but it’s still interesting!
22. View through the northern passage (lane) of Lenin Square back towards the station, which closes the perspective well. Almost the same view is presented in the title frame.
As already mentioned, the village of Loknya arose during the construction of the Petersburg-Vitebsk railway at the beginning of the 20th century. Before the revolution, there was Velikoluksky district of the Pskov province. In 1927, the Loknyansky district was formed, and in 1941 Loknya received the status of an urban-type settlement. Then the war began... Loknya, like the entire territory of the Pskov region, was under the Nazi occupation for almost two and a half years. After the liberation of Velikiye Luki in January 1943, the Soviet troops failed to develop a further offensive to the west, and Loknya, like the entire section of the Leningrad-Vitebsk railway, was liberated by the troops of the 2nd Baltic Front only at the end of February 1944.
23. Pervomaiskaya street - parallel to the Soviet, and, accordingly, the railway.
24. View from the other side:
In the post-war years, Loknya began to develop thanks to the timber and food industries. There was also a radio plant, which was closed in the post-Soviet years along with the butter factory. Of the previously operating industry in Lokna, only a bakery and a furniture factory remained. But I must say that despite the economic depression, outwardly Loknya leaves a very pleasant impression - a poor, but at the same time well-groomed and comfortable urban settlement, without much devastation. It is quite cozy here, especially on such a warm May day.
25. The House of Culture - a modest Stalinist building - closes the perspective of the lane from the other side, exchanging glances with the station building.
26. The capital of the column. Soviet symbols were skillfully combined with antique architectural elements.
27. But this stand is dedicated to the already mentioned St. Nicholas Church in the village of Golenishchevo, Loknyansky district - the family estate of Kutuzov. Until recently, this church was abandoned, but is now being restored. I saw it from the window of the bus, but I would like to make a separate trip there.
28. Pervomayskaya street:
29. I am walking along the Oktyabrskaya street perpendicular to it, continuing to plunge into the atmosphere of another district center of the Pskov region that I visited. In 2014, I got acquainted with the Pskov regional centers on the frosty sunny days of January, but now I do it in the spring.
30. On the right, some unfinished building was found, and a little further - a school.
31. Spring of the fifteenth year ...
32. So I went out to the main street of Lochni - Sharikov street. No, the character of the "Heart of a Dog" has nothing to do with it - the street is named after the Hero of the Soviet Union, a native of the Loknyansky district Alexander Sharikov, who died in 1944 during the battles for Sevastopol.
The street also runs parallel to the railroad and, at the southern edge of Lokni, becomes a highway leading to Velikie Luki, which is exactly where I came from. I turn onto Sharikov Street in a southerly direction in order to eventually make a circle.
33. Sharikov Street is also full of all sorts of interesting entities. Like, for example, the Loknyansky Agricultural College!
34. And the essence of this street, as already mentioned, is that it is the "core" of the village and part of the R-51 highway passing through it. Therefore, anyone who comes to Sharikov Street along the perpendicular Socialist Street is met by such a sign. Crossroads, however! You will go to the left, as they say, - and so on ...
35. And here is Socialist Street itself. It is noticeable in the frame that there is also a relief in Lokna. We will walk along this street a little later.
37. Then I turned onto Uritsky Street. Now I'm on the outskirts of Lochney. By the way, pay attention to an interesting local feature of the private sector - almost all houses are sideways to the street.
As in the south-west of the Tver region, there are also a lot of summer residents from neighboring regions, judging by the numbers of cars. Children are playing in the street - one of them, probably, is visiting relatives on weekends. They even said "Hello" to me when I passed by them :)
38. I come to the southwestern edge of Lockney, and this place is especially interesting. See the church for the trees? And she, by the way, is much older than the village itself. The Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord was built in the 1770s.
Long before the appearance of the St. Petersburg-Vitebsk railway, at an amazing time, when the word Loknya meant only a river, the graveyard of Vlitsa already stood at this place, first mentioned in 1488 (yes, this number also means a year in history!). Thus, Vlitsy in Lokna is about the same as the village of Yotkino as part of the city of Nelidovo.
39. This is how history ordered. This temple, standing on a hill, remembers the times when there was no Lokney, and among the local forests there were no horns of trains and the sound of their wheels.
40. At this point, Loknya ends, and Uritsky Street turns into a highway that goes somewhere further to the west, into the wilderness of the Loknyansky district, to the forests and lakes and hills of the Bezhanitsy Upland ... Immediately after leaving Lokny there is the village of Ignatovo.
41. View in reverse side. To the right of the road there is a sign for the entrance to Loknya.
42. The Bezhanitskaya Upland is already clearly visible here. Loknya stands on its eastern spurs. And from the churchyard of Vlitsa and the village of Ignatovo opens good view towards the center of Lochney, beyond which the forests extend further. In the photo, by the way, the optical effect of the rise of air heated by the May sun is noticeable.
43. To the east of Lokni, towards the border of the Pskov region with the Novgorod region, there are rather remote places with forests and wide swamps and a very small number of settlements.
Then I went back - again past the church and along the streets of Uritsky and Sharikov. In order to close the circle in the center of Lokni, I turned from Sharikov onto Socialist Street.
44. Which goes towards the railway under a noticeable slope.
45. This is what it is - the outskirts of the Bezhanitskaya Upland (which, by the way, is named after the neighboring regional center, located a little to the north).
46. Typical residential quarters of Loknya:
47. View in the opposite direction. In the background you can see the Magnit store - a constant attribute of our charming Russian hinterland. At the Magnet I stocked up on provisions for the rest of the day.
48. And a brand store of the Velikoluksky Meat Processing Plant, specific to our region. You can see it all over the North-West of Russia (up to Vorkuta, where I discovered it in August of this year), but here the manufacturer is very close.
49. Quiet Loknyansky courtyard. Here I sat down to eat. As already mentioned, a pleasant and interesting feeling is when you can examine in detail the place where you have passed by train so many times.
50. But this inhabitant of the yard looks like he is guarding the entrance to the entrance.
51. Loknyansky bakery. By the way, on the left side of the frame you can see a truck taking out his products.
52. And the company store:
Closing the circle, I turned in a northerly direction, onto Pervomaiskaya Street.
53. Another remarkable stalin. It looks like a former cinema. Now, as we see, turned into a store.
54. Pervomayskaya street. Everything is clean and tidy.
55. Then I passed by the already shown DK and went further, in the direction of the northern outskirts of Lokni.
Second card:
56. Another yard:
57. Sharikov street again:
58. View in the north direction:
59. And this is the name of one of the streets adjacent to Sharikov. The famous war hero Alexander Matrosov accomplished his feat in these places - near the village of Chernushki, Loknyansky district. And on the way to Loknya from Velikie Luki, I drove past the signpost to the memorial dedicated to him.
Also, a monument to Matrosov is part of the memorial to the Great Patriotic War in the center of Velikiye Luki - the monument was erected there, since after the war the Loknyansky district was part of the Velikie Luki region, which was abolished in 1957.
60. And this is what this street looks like. Again, the houses are sideways, in these parts it is almost everywhere.
61. Houses, gardens, apple trees ... And woodpile!
62. And here is this sign on one of the houses, apparently from the Soviet era.
63. Sharikova Street, going further north, turns right and becomes Komsomolskaya, which then crosses the railway and exits Lokni, turning into a highway leading east to Kholm, Staraya Russa and Veliky Novgorod. Before the railway crossing to the north, the highway leading to Bezhanitsy and Porkhov leaves Komsomolskaya Street.
64. Among the various trees planted here, near one of the houses, a Siberian cedar was suddenly discovered!
65. But in general, Sharikov Street, in fact, continues further, but it already takes on a completely rural look. And by the way, according to, again, my dream, a trolley bus runs here!
66. On this trip, in the east of the Pskov region, I discovered an unusual type of hut roof that I had never met anywhere before. Namely - a four-slope semi-hip. Houses with a front room, where one more incomplete (half-hip) is added to two slopes from the front side, are often found. But I have never seen such ones, where the light is double-sided, before ...
67. Then I went to the highway Loknya - Bezhanitsy. Loknya itself is already ending here, and in the frame is the village of Rysino. According to my dream, the end of the second trolleybus route is located here, and there is a park nearby :)
The remaining hour and a half before the departure of the commuter train Novosokolniki - Dno (on which I had to go further north - to Chikhachevo), I decided to walk along the Petersburg-Vitebsk railway.
68. And there she is already - perfectly visible from the road!
69. We must figure out how to get there. Like, here it is next to the railroad. But it is difficult to get to it - there are some thickets around and a ditch flooded with water. But then I found a lane, passed by a couple of village houses. The grandfather, who was sitting next to one of them, somehow even looked after me inquiringly. Oh, if only he knew that my subconscious led a trolleybus to their village :)
70. Found the crossing! A makeshift bridge made of some kind of metal structure was laid across the ditch. Having crossed it, I walked another fifteen meters along the path and came out to the rails.
At first, I had the idea to walk eight kilometers by rail to the former Tigoshchi junction and take the train there, but then I abandoned this idea, also because of the presence of a bridge over the Loknya River on the stretch, in which I was not guarded. was completely sure (although the probability of this is extremely low, even if the bridge over the Oredezh is not guarded). Therefore, I walked a couple of kilometers in a northern direction (where I have to go) and returned back, already straight to the Loknya station, exactly to suburban train to the bottom. But I'll talk about that later.
The blog "Know your native land" is a virtual journey for children around the Pskov region and is the embodiment in the Internet space of the main materials of the project of the Pskov Centralized Library System "Know your native land!".
This project was developed and implemented in the libraries of the Centralized Library System of Pskov in 2012-2013. - Library - Center for Communication and Information, Children's Ecological Library "Rainbow", Library "Spring" named after. S.A. Zolottsev and in the innovation-methodical department of the Central City Library.
The main goal of the project is to give an idea of the historical past of the Pskov region, its present, about the people (personalities) who glorified the Pskov region, about the richness and originality of the nature of the Pskov region.
The project brought together librarians, participants in the educational process and parents with a single goal.
“The education of love for the native land, for the native culture, for the native village or city, for the native speech is a task of paramount importance and there is no need to prove it. But how to cultivate this love? It starts small - with love for your family, for your home, for your school. Gradually expanding, this love for the native land turns into love for one's country - for its history, its past and present ”(D.S. Likhachev).
| Pskov. Phot. Peter Kosykh. |
Project implementation partners:
City schools:
· Secondary school No. 24 im. L.I. Malyakova (teacher of the beginning classes Grigoryeva Valentina Ivanovna)
· Secondary school No. 12 named after. Hero of Russia A. Shiryaev (teacher of the beginning classes Ovchinnikova Tatyana Pavlovna)
Border - customs - legal lyceum (teacher of the beginning classes Ivanova Zinaida Mikhailovna)
Pskov Regional Institute for Advanced Studies of Education Workers:
Pasman Tatyana Borisovna - methodologist in history, social science and law of POIPKRO
Pskov State University
Bredikhina Valentina Nikolaevna, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and Methods of Humanitarian Education, Pskov State University.
Blog editor:
Burova N.G. - head. Department of Information and Communication Technologies of the Central City Hospital of Pskov
At present, despite the fact that the project, which was originally the basis for the creation of this resource, has been completed, our local history blog continues to successfully exist and develop. Being in its essence an information and educational resource and a good help for those who want to get to know Pskov and the amazing Pskov region (especially for children), whether it is the opening of a monument in Pskov or on the territory of the Pskov region, impressions from trips to one of the corners of the Pskov region, the creation of a new local history toy library or photo gallery, and, of course, we always inform our readers about the publication of new books about Pskov, designed for young local historians.
The materials of this blog can be used both in school classes and at library events, or they can be read just like that - for self-education!
We are waiting on the pages of our blog for all the guys who are not indifferent to the history of Pskov and the Pskov region, and, in turn, we promise to delight our visitors with new materials. By the way, blog updates can be found in the section
(G) (I) Coordinates : 56°50′00″ s. sh. 30°09′00″ in. d. / 56.83333° N sh. 30.15000° E d. / 56.83333; 30.15000(G) (I)Show/Hide Maps
Loknya- an urban-type settlement in the Pskov region of Russia, the administrative center of the Loknyansky district. Makes up Municipal formation "Loknya"(with the status of "urban settlement" - within the boundaries of the town).
Located 205 km southeast of Pskov. Railway station on the line Dno - Novosokolniki.
Story
Population
Population
| 1939 | I.1959 | I.1970 | I.1979 | I.1989 | X.2002 | I.2010 | X.2010 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2194 | 3421 | 4277 | 5262 | 6061 | 4898 | 4449 | 3872 |
Economy
A furniture factory and a bakery operate in the village. Printing house. Previously, a butter and cheese plant, a food processing plant and a radio plant worked.
Transport
In the village there is a railway station of the same name, where ambulances and passenger trains, both Russian and international. Transit lines also run through the village. bus routes to Moscow, Velikiye Luki, Pskov and St. Petersburg.
Attractions
- Transfiguration Church(XVIII century), the brother of Field Marshal M. I. Kutuzov is buried in front of the porch of the temple.
- In the area, in the village of Chernushki - memorial on the site of the heroic death of Alexander Matrosov.
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Literature
- // homepages.uni-tuebingen.de (Retrieved September 28, 2009)
- Loknya (Pskov region)- article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
Notes
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An excerpt characterizing Loknya (Pskov region)
Finally, and most importantly, Alpatych knew that on the very day he ordered the headman to collect carts for the export of the princess's convoy from Bogucharov, in the morning there was a gathering in the village, at which it was supposed not to be taken out and wait. Meanwhile, time was running out. The leader, on the day of the death of the prince, on August 15, insisted on Princess Marya that she leave on the same day, as it was becoming dangerous. He said that after the 16th he was not responsible for anything. On the day of the prince's death, he left in the evening, but promised to come to the funeral the next day. But the next day he could not come, because, according to the news he himself received, the French suddenly moved in, and he only managed to take his family and everything valuable from his estate.For about thirty years, Bogucharov was ruled by the headman Dron, whom the old prince called Dronushka.
Dron was one of those physically and morally strong men who, as soon as they enter the age, grow a beard, so, without changing, live up to sixty or seventy years, without one gray hair or lack of a tooth, just as straight and strong at sixty years old like at thirty.
Dron, soon after moving to the warm rivers, in which he participated, like others, was made headman steward in Bogucharovo, and since then he has been flawlessly in this position for twenty-three years. The men were more afraid of him than the master. Gentlemen, and the old prince, and the young, and the manager, respected him and jokingly called him a minister. During all the time of his service, Dron was never drunk or sick; never, not after sleepless nights, not after any kind of labor, did he show the slightest fatigue and, not knowing how to read and write, never forgot a single account of money and pounds of flour for the huge carts that he sold, and not a single shock of snakes for bread on every tithe of the Bogucharov fields.
This Dron Alpatych, who came from the devastated Bald Mountains, called to himself on the day of the prince's funeral and ordered him to prepare twelve horses for the carriages of the princess and eighteen carts for the convoy, which was to be raised from Bogucharov. Although the peasants were quitrents, the execution of this order could not meet with difficulties, according to Alpatych, since there were two hundred and thirty taxes in Bogucharovo and the peasants were prosperous. But Elder Dron, after listening to the order, silently lowered his eyes. Alpatych told him the men he knew and from whom he ordered to take carts.
The drone answered that these peasants had horses in a cart. Alpatych named other men, and those horses did not have, according to Dron, some were under state-owned carts, others were powerless, and the horses of others died from starvation. Horses, according to Dron, could not be collected not only for wagon trains, but also for carriages.
Alpatych carefully looked at Dron and frowned. Just as Dron was an exemplary headman, so Alpatych not without reason managed the prince's estates for twenty years and was an exemplary manager. He is in the highest degree he was able to understand instinctively the needs and instincts of the people with whom he dealt, and therefore he was an excellent manager. Glancing at Dron, he immediately realized that Dron's answers were not an expression of Dron's thoughts, but an expression of that general mood of the Bogucharov world, by which the headman had already been captured. But at the same time, he knew that Dron, who had profited and hated by the world, had to fluctuate between two camps - the masters and the peasants. He noticed this hesitation in his gaze, and therefore Alpatych, frowning, moved closer to Dron.
- You, Dronushka, listen! - he said. - Don't talk to me empty. His Excellency Prince Andrei Nikolaevich themselves ordered me to send all the people and not stay with the enemy, and there is an order from the king. And whoever remains is a traitor to the king. Do you hear?
“I’m listening,” Dron answered, without raising his eyes.
Alpatych was not satisfied with this answer.
- Hey, Dron, it will be bad! Alpatych said, shaking his head.
- The power is yours! Drone said sadly.
- Hey, Dron, leave it! Alpatych repeated, taking his hand out of his bosom and solemnly pointing it to the floor under Dron's feet. “It’s not like I see right through you, I can see right through everything three arshins under you,” he said, peering at the floor under Dron’s feet.
The drone was embarrassed, glanced briefly at Alpatych and lowered his eyes again.
- You leave the nonsense and tell the people that they were going to go from their houses to Moscow and prepare the carts tomorrow morning under the princess's convoy, but don't go to the meeting yourself. Do you hear?
The drone suddenly fell at its feet.
- Yakov Alpatych, fire me! Take the keys from me, fire me for Christ's sake.
- Leave it! Alpatych said sternly. “I can see right through you three arshins,” he repeated, knowing that his skill in following bees, knowing when to sow oats, and the fact that he had been able to please the old prince for twenty years, had long acquired the fame of a sorcerer and that his ability to see three arshins under a person is attributed to sorcerers.
Dron got up and wanted to say something, but Alpatych interrupted him:
- What did you think? Eh?.. What do you think? A?
What should I do with the people? Dron said. - It blew up completely. I also tell them...
“That’s what I say,” said Alpatych. – Do they drink? he asked shortly.
- All perturbed, Yakov Alpatych: they brought another barrel.
- So you listen. I'll go to the police officer, and you tell the people, and so that they leave it, and so that there are carts.
Don't be fooled by the young, by historical standards, age of the village of Loknya, Pskov region. He stands on ancient land that has seen and absorbed so much over the past millennium. Military and peaceful accomplishments, surrounded by bewitching nature, left behind a lot memorable places, events and personalities
When a curious person wants to know information about the Loknyansky district, he usually finds only the most general statistical data. They will tell about the historical childhood of the village, its location and transport interchanges. But relatively young Loknya, Pskov region, is old enough for any of its districts to include one of the many historical , or simply interesting places. The subject of our today's review was no exception.
History of Lockney
Before appearing on the maps in 1901 Loknya, Pskov region was led by the ancient district center- churchyard Trinity-on-Hlavice (now the village of Podberezie). Founded by herself in 947, it can only be called the center with irony, because at that time it was lonely and small, at a decent distance from Pskov. And what kind of areas are there in the 10th century? The main source of income for the churchyards was the lodging of travelers who moved goods along the famous route "from the Varangians to the Greeks." With the attenuation of the trade route by the 13th century, a large part of the Loknyansky district was included in the Kholmsky district of the Novgorod land, until the 14th century. Due to its location on the western border of the Russian state, which was remembered on the coat of arms of the region, these lands were the first to stand in the way of foreign invaders. And only by 1667, with the end of the Russian-Polish war, the border moved further to the west, giving Lokna and the Pskov region a sigh of relief. And already in the 20th century, when laying railways, a settlement grows near one of the stations, which eventually became the regional center.
Sights in Lochney
At first glance, the area does not inspire hope, the shtetl pastoral, everything interesting should be concentrated in regional center… Nothing like this! From the train station at the Loknya railway station, recognized architectural monument, to Nicholas the Wonderworker, in which Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov was married. Just a dozen kilometers from the center of the district, in the ruined Bryanchaninov estate, there are two, which are a puzzling example of early twentieth century architecture, using "futuristic" reinforced concrete technology. On the site of the churchyard of Vlitsa, there is an ancient one, both for Lokni, Pskov region, and Russia in general Spaso-Preobrazhensky Church. Built of wood in the 15th century, it was upgraded to stone in the 1770s to serve the growing flock. According to legend, M.I. was baptized in it. Kutuzov, and his brother Semyon is buried next to the church porch, which is evidenced by a dilapidated granite monument. And as if confirming the glorious tradition of the guards of the Russian land, in the village of Chernushki there is a military memorial on the site of the feat of Alexander Matrosov.
Nature of Lokni
The landscape is characterized by swampy terrain with many lakes, occupying mainly western part district. The natural water artery is the Loknya River, which originates from Loknovo. And 43% of the land is covered with coniferous-deciduous forests. They contain modestly sized populations of forest dwellers coexisting in a balanced ecosystem that should be protected from the shrinking environment of technological civilization. For example, you should not tear the reserved mushroom - Coral Blackberry. For the protection of which the covering Loknya, Pskov region and part of the Novgorod region Polistovsky state reserve. As you might guess, two other kingdoms are included in the protected species. Fauna numbering 305 species of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. The flora consists of lichens, mosses and higher plants, totaling 654 species. If you have been interested since childhood, what did those very reserved forests look like with talking animals and miracles from Russian fairy tales, then you are just at the right place. Although silent pikes and uncommunicative golden eagles can undermine children's fantasies, the wonders of virgin nature still remain here.
How much waste do we generate daily by throwing paper, plastic bags, potato peels, banana skins and many other things that we use in everyday life into the trash can? The habit of getting rid of household waste has been brought to automaticity. And what is their further path, who is engaged in their export and where, we are of little interest. The fee per square meter suits, since the amount is not prohibitive. But with the advent of 2019, the latter issue will become more tangible for residents in terms of financial costs.
How will the waste collection rate change? To whom will we pay for housing and communal services and why there are no processing plants in the region? These and other questions were discussed by the AiF-Krasnoyarsk correspondent with And. O. Minister of Ecology and Nature Management Krasnoyarsk Territory Vladimir Chasovitin.
Give away the garbage
Tatyana Firsova, AIF-Krasnoyarsk: Vladimir Anatolyevich, how will the transition to the new conditions take place? Residents feel very little aware of what changes are coming from January 1, 2019.
Minister of Ecology of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Photo: From the personal archive of V. Chasovitin
Vladimir Chasovitin: Preparations for a change in the organization of municipal waste management in the region are underway. Almost everywhere, regional operators have been identified, which from the beginning of 2019 will carry out the removal and disposal of garbage. A program has been developed and approved, but in order for it to take effect, a number of regulatory documents must be adopted. The main one is the territorial scheme for the treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW), which should contain the entire mechanism for their collection from the territories. For the scheme to start working at 100%, there should be 56 landfills, 120 temporary accumulation and storage sites, 14 waste sorting lines and a number of other facilities in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Their total cost is estimated at 26 billion rubles. But since the necessary infrastructure already exists in a number of territories, the amount of necessary investments is reduced to 14.5 billion rubles.
But there is no time to wait for the money to appear and the construction of the necessary facilities to begin, and in a number of territories we will start work right now.
- People do not understand what is the purpose of the reform, if we are not yet ready for it?
The main goal of the reform is to organize the initial collection of garbage from the population. It is important to explain to people that they must conclude an agreement with a regional operator and hand over garbage to him. There is a serious problem in this part of the implementation of the law: in many settlements of the region, garbage is not collected at all, people take waste to the forest, to unauthorized dumps. I will cite as an example the urban-type settlement of Kuragino, where 14,000 people live. It's pretty big locality, but not all villagers use the waste collection service. There are only a few tanks on the street, which confirms that only half of the residents have a contract for garbage collection. The rest burn it in their stoves, throw it into a nearby forest or somewhere else.
The main change that residents of the region should be aware of is that from January 1, 2019, each of us will be required to conclude an agreement for the removal of waste. I often hear from people at meetings: “We burn garbage in stoves, throw food waste into the compost pit, scatter humus in the garden, so we don’t produce garbage.” I do not agree: any villager goes to the store, buys food packed in plastic, carries it home in plastic bags. So there is no person who does not produce waste.
If now contracts for garbage collection are concluded on a voluntary basis, then from January 1, 2019 this will be a mandatory requirement. I will add that the removal of MSW will be transferred from housing to public services. After the system of garbage collection from the population is established, the growth of unauthorized dumps will stop and their liquidation will begin. The ultimate goal of the reform is the receipt of all waste at an authorized facility. This means that the garbage must necessarily go to the regional operator, who sorts it or sends it to a landfill.
Fare up?
Undoubtedly, solving the problems of cluttering and environmental pollution is a paramount task. But you must admit that it is important for people that the tariff for garbage collection does not increase significantly. And there is such a risk. Many experts have already made calculations, albeit approximate ones, and you know, they are not encouraging at all.
Yes, the issue is extremely sensitive, so all calculations of the regional operator must be economically justified. To do this, he is obliged to hold a public auction in order to determine the contractors who will be engaged in garbage collection in the territories included in the control zone of the regional operator. The winner in the auction will not be an affiliated company, but the one offering the lower price.
- And yet there is an understanding in the ministry how much people will pay for garbage collection?
Personally, I will understand when I see the investment and production programs of regional operators. In them, they are required to prescribe everything that is required for organizing the collection and disposal of garbage in a particular area. After the approval of the program, the size of the tariff will become clear and what money residents of the region will pay for garbage collection. So far, no investment program has been approved. At the same time, last week in the southern group of districts the regional operator announced that the tariff would not be higher than 150 rubles per person. Based on this figure, a family of four will pay 600 rubles a month. I want to emphasize that I do not predict a significant increase in tariffs for the removal of MSW in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. I propose to wait for the approval of investment programs, the deadline for their submission is November 1. After a thorough study, we will go out for approval of the tariff, the deadline is December 20. Conclude agreements with legal and individuals the regional operator must, by December 31,
It won’t work that we wake up on January 1, and there will be no one to take out the garbage? The new scheme did not work, the old one no longer works?
If tariffs are not approved by January 1 (we will do our best to prevent this from happening), then garbage collection will be carried out according to the previous scheme. I assure you, there will be no garbage collapse on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, and the population will not suffer. And here's what I want to focus on. From next year, the calculation for the removal of MSW is changing: now the population pays per square meter, regardless of how many people live in the apartment, starting from the new year, payment will be made for each registered in the living space.
- What was the reason for the revision of the scheme for calculating fees for garbage collection?
The legislator changed the payment scheme in order to eliminate the imbalance between the living area and the people registered on it. It is no secret that two people can live in a large apartment, and seventeen in a small one. The former pay more, despite the fact that they produce less waste. Now the payment will be more fair, because it is not square meters that produce garbage, but the people who live on them. By the way, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the average accumulation standard is 17.5 kg per person per month.
Paid - take away
You said that garbage collection has become a utility service. Does this mean that the population will have another mandatory payment, the same as the rent?
Quite right. We will all be required to conclude an agreement with a regional operator and pay for garbage collection, whether we like it or not. This will motivate people not to throw waste into unauthorized landfills, not to pollute nature.
After all, if a person has concluded an agreement with a regional operator, he does not need to take garbage to the forest. Therefore, the growth of unauthorized landfills in the territory of the region will stop, although I am far from thinking that this will happen from January 1 next year. I give a year for the residents to get used to the new order and understand its necessity. Another plus of the reform is that the waste will be sorted and recycled.
- Are there enterprises in the Krasnoyarsk Territory that are engaged in recycling?
So far, there are only two plants: in Divnogorsk they process pet bottles, in Krasnoyarsk - paper. Such capacities have yet to be created, they were not there, because for the profitable operation of production, a volume of at least 100 thousand tons of selected material per year is needed. Considering that all garbage will go to authorized facilities, we will accumulate such a volume.
Vladimir Chasovitin. Born in 1969 in the village. Podtyosovo, Yenisei region. Graduated from the Sverdlovsk Law Institute. He worked as the prosecutor of Krasnoyarsk, head of the control department of the governor of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Now he is in post. O. Minister of Ecology and Rational Nature Management of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Married. Father of four children.