What are the monuments of landscape gardening art. Parks - historical monuments of gardening art

Table of contents

Botanical Garden
medicinal plants of the Moscow Academy named after I.M. Sechenov

CAO, 4th Krasnogvardeisky
per., 20

scientific
research
activity

Milyutinsky Garden on Pokrovsky Boulevard
(Garden of Land Survey Office)

CAO, Pokrovsky
blvd., 10

park
territory

Morozovsky garden

Central Administrative District, B.Trekhsvyatitelsky per., 1

landscaped
territory
regional
values

nursery garden
Filatov hospital

CAO, Sadovo-
Kudrinskaya st.,
15

landscaped
territory
regional
values

(Item as amended by .

Park "Patriarchs"
ponds"

CAO, Malaya
Bronnaya st.,
ow. 30-42

landscaped
territory
urban
values

Manor of the Patrikeyevs

SAO, Pravoberezhnaya st., 6a

landscaped
territory
hospitals

central park
clinical hospital
named after N.A. Semashko

SVAO, Buda
st., 2

landscaped
territory
hospitals

Park on Rustaveli street

SVAO, Rustaveli
st., 5-7

park
territory

Park "Lianozovo"

SVAO, Cherepovetskaya st., 13

park
territory

Manor "Leonovo"

SVAO, Leonova
st., Dokukina
st., 17-22

park
territory

(item as amended, put into effect on October 6, 2009 by the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated September 22, 2009 N 1024-PP

Siringarium garden on
Schelkovo highway

VAO, Schelkovskoye
highway, 12

park
territory

Children's Hospital Park
St. Vladimir

VAO, Rubtsovsko-
Palace st.,
3

landscaped
territory
hospitals

(Item as amended as of March 16, 2010

Bakhrushinskaya Park
hospitals

VAO, Stromynka
st., 7

landscaped
territory
hospitals

Park former to her
Metropolitan
cottages in the village of Cherkizovo

East Administrative District, B.Cherkizovskaya st., 93

park
territory

Biryulevsky
arboretum

Southern Administrative District, Lipetsk
st., 3

park
territory,
scientific
research
activity

Manor "Zagorye"

South Administrative District, Yagodny
per., 17

park
territory

Manor "Bogorodskoye"
("Voronino")

SWAD, Leninsky
Ave., 121

landscaped
territory
regional
values

Manor "Small Golubino"

SWAD, Odoevsky
pr., 38 km MKAD

landscaped
territory
urban
values

Square near Chinese
embassies

CJSC, Druzhby st., 6

landscaped
territory
district significance

Manor Bode-
Kolychevs in the village
Spasskoe-Lukino

CJSC, Peredelkino
7th Lazenki St.,
42

Residence
Patriarch
Moscow
and All Rus'

Appendix 2. Borders of the territories of objects of garden and park art, accepted under state protection as objects of cultural heritage (monuments of history and culture) of regional significance, located on the territory of the city of Moscow

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Children's Park named after Pryamikov (GPKiO "Tagansky")

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Children's Park "Maryina Roshcha"

The boundary of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants of the Moscow Medical Academy named after I.M. Sechenov

The boundary of the territory of a cultural heritage site (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Milyutinsky Garden on Pokrovsky Boulevard (Garden of the Land Survey Office)

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Morozovsky garden

The boundary of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance "Garden of the Children's Filatov Hospital"

Legend:
	The canceled border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance "Garden of the Children's Filatov Hospital"
	Established boundary of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance "Garden of the Children's Filatov Hospital"

(Scheme as amended by the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated September 17, 2014 N 538-PP.

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Square Patriarch's Ponds

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Manor of the Patrikeyevs

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Park of the Central Clinical Hospital named after N.A. Semashko

Border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Park on Rustaveli street

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Park "Lianozovo"

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Estate "Leonovo" (repealed)

____________________________________________________________________
Repealed from October 6, 2009
Decree of the Government of Moscow
dated September 22, 2009 N 1024-PP ..
____________________________________________________________________

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Sirengaria Garden on Schelkovskoye Highway

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Park of the children's hospital of St. Vladimir

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage of regional significance (works of landscape gardening art) "Park of the Children's Hospital of St. Vladimir" (Rubtsovsko-Dvortsovaya St., 1/3)

approved border

cancelable border

(As amended, put into effect on March 16, 2010 by the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated March 2, 2010 N 175-PP

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Bakhrushinsky Hospital Park

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance The park of the former. Metropolitan's dacha in the village of Cherkizovo

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Biryulevsky arboretum

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Manor "Zagorye"

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Manor "Bogorodskoye" ("Voronino")

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Manor "Small Golubino"

The border of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Square near the Chinese Embassy

The boundary of the territory of the object of cultural heritage (monument of history and culture) of regional significance Bode-Kolychevy estate in the village of Spasskoe-Lukino

Revision of the document, taking into account
changes and additions prepared
JSC "Kodeks"

Historical data

Landscape gardening has a long history. Its origin goes back centuries and is a sign of civilization, the cultivation of the natural environment. Landscape art belongs to the synthetic arts and is one of the most complex and time-consuming, because it operates with inanimate things and living beings - plants.

Like a living being, the park goes through the stages of birth, formation, flourishing and death. The appearance of the park is significantly influenced by the tastes of the owners, natural conditions, fashion changes, the presence of care or its absence, social disasters. Trees have their own period of existence. If the care of the park takes place over the centuries, dead trees are replaced with analogues.

Garden and park

The concepts of "garden" and "park" are not far removed from each other and are often substitutes for each other. But they have different functions and rather independent objects of human activity.

• Garden- a predominantly agricultural facility for growing and obtaining fruits and berries.
• A park- predominantly an art object with a special layout, the inclusion of various architectural structures from small architectural forms (arbors, pavilions) to palaces, theaters, stadiums, various sports grounds. The share of historical parks also included a plot of an orchard (an orchard and a vegetable garden in the castle of Vilandry, in the Vaux-le-Vicomte park, France, in the parks of the suburbs of St. Petersburg. In modern parks, these installations usually go away, and the functions of the orchard and park - demarcate.

Transition to the composition of the monuments

The gardens quickly became part of the monuments. In ancient Greece, an artificially created garden quickly approached the status of a sacred grove. Even if the garden did not have such a status, each building in it became his business card and had the status of a monument. So it happened with the gardens of the Academy in Athens.

The name comes from the name of the mythical hero Akadema. He helped the twin brothers Castor and Pollux rescue Princess Europe from captivity. According to legend, Academ was buried in this garden. The Academy Garden was chosen by philosophers as their residence. It was here that the philosopher Plato (427-347 BC) walked and debated with his students and followers. The school was named academy. Even the mention of the Academy made it a monument of culture, philosophy, European ancient civilization in general.

Versailles park changes

Main article: Park of Versailles

Versailles, plan for the middle of the 18th century.

More often it was the other way around even with well-groomed and famous parks. So, the park of Versailles began to change its appearance in thirty years from the beginning of construction. Some of the hastily planted trees have dried up. Excessively strong interference in the vital activity of plants, energetic cutting of bushes and trees, depletion of soils did not contribute to their preservation. The reduction of garden plots has begun. Presumably, the original area of ​​the park in Versailles reached 1,700 hectares. In the XX century. The territory of the park was limited to 600 hectares. This was a threefold reduction, although the grandiose vistas of the historic park were retained.

Even greater changes have occurred in its plant composition. Dry trees were cut down. In the 18th century, several original plant species were simply replaced with new ones, often from other geographic areas. So, at the end of the XVIII century. the park of Versailles received new sites with plants from North America, which were not here at the time of the royal landscape architect André Le Nôtre, and could not have been then. Norway maple, planted in the park, behaved like in nature. He gave germination of 95-97 percent of his own seeds. New maple groves appeared, and other trees were crowded out.

Even more changes have occurred as a result of natural storms. In 1990 and in December, two hurricanes raged over France. The destruction took over 70 percent of the country. France's National Forestry Bureau has documented the death of approximately 30,000,000 of the country's trees. In the historic gardens of Versailles, 10,000 trees were uprooted and felled. The restoration of the historical appearance of these areas will take 100-150 years.

The state of other parks was not the best either. The historic Lefortovskaya grove in Moscow at the beginning of the 20th century also suffered extreme damage from the hurricane. For many historical gardens and parks in Russia in the XX century. the existence came to an end due to lack of care, two disintegrations of the country in and years, a catastrophic history for 74 years. But the new era of the introduction of a market economy, in the absence of war, often led to the death of parks.

Engravings with historical landscapes of the park of Versailles

Renaissance, Mannerist, Baroque gardens

The tradition of creating gardens as places of noble leisure, philosophical conversations, poetic competitions, theatrical performances was revived during the Renaissance in Italy. Even the initially small gardens received their own layouts, were decorated with fountains, sculptures, benches, lawns. The garden at Villa Poggio a Caiano acquired memorial significance in honor of the Medici family. The well-known architect Giuliano da Sagngallo was invited to create the villa. The construction had the character of a transitional period and compromised the Italian building tradition with elements of ancient Roman architecture (ground floor arcade, portico with a triangular pediment). Often the architect acted both as a garden designer and as a gardener.

The Boboli Garden also acquired a memorial character, which had several sections of gardens created in different decades. The Boboli Gardens became a school for Florentine sculptors, where Bertoldo di Giovanni, Michelangelo Buonarroti and others worked.

Gardens of the Mannerist era of the 16th century. - glorified gardening page Western Europe, which began with the development of the garden traditions of the Renaissance and the development of its own type of garden and park ensemble, giving them the first majestic images. Mannerist gardens had an enormous influence on further development landscape gardening art the Baroque era of the 17th-18th centuries in different parts of not only Europe, but also the world (Baroque gardens in Iceland, the Baroque garden in Beijing at the palace of the Chinese emperor, the baroque garden of the doctor Bidloo in Moscow, etc.). In the 20th century in northern Italy using the style of Mannerism, the garden of La Scarzuola was created (architect Tomaso Buza (-), Umbria), where the traditions of the Italian garden of the pre-Baroque period (Bomarzo Park) are developed.

Famous Baroque gardens were considered as monuments to famous personalities as early as the 17th and 18th centuries. (Versailles is associated with King Louis XIV, Peterhof - with Tsar Peter I, a garden in Warsaw - with Minister Heinrich Brühl). In the 19th century gardens receive the status of historical monuments, often without direct dependence on eminent owners, because the artistic value of some gardens and parks has received independent significance (Het Loo garden, Holland, Lazenkovsky Palace garden, Poland, baroque garden of Vaux-le-Viscount castle, France, Nesvizhsky gardens castle, Belarus). According to the historical plans of the gardens, extracted from the archives, restoration or restoration of the original layout has begun (the flower garden of the garden at the Monplaisir Palace, Peterhof, the garden of the Rundāle Palace, Latvia).

Awareness of the artistic value of individual gardens of the past fell on the day of the 19th century, it went like the restoration of the gardens of the past, restoring them to an almost original form (Het Loo, Vaux le Vicomte), so did the destruction of unique garden and park ensembles, among which -

• garden doctor Bidloo in Moscow
• manor gardens of a landscape designer of the 18th century. Philip Permyakov
• Italian Park (Podgortsy)
• garden at the palace of Maisons-Laffite, France
• garden of the Ruzhany Palace, Belarus and a number of others.

Restoration of the gardens of Pompeii

Pompeii, house of Octavius, restored part of the garden

In the 20th century it became possible to reproduce the long-vanished gardens of Pompeii. Garden plants covered with volcanic ash and dead creatures at the villas created cavities. Italian researchers came to the conclusion that it is possible to fill these voids with liquid gypsum. Examination of the resulting casts gave samples of plant roots that were used in the gardens of the lost city of Pompeii. Plants were identified by the type of roots. During the conservation and partial restoration of villas and gardens in Pompeii, sections of the former gardens were restored with modern plants, if their analogues were found in modern times.

Conservation in historical monument parks

Conservation is the first stage of restoration work in the parks. There is a care for its condition, preservation of the existing spatially planned composition and its parts, repair and restoration of the preserved architectural structures, sanitary cuttings and treatment of plant diseases, adhere to the protective regime and prevent further undesirable changes in the historical appearance of the park.

Literature

• Vergunov A.P. Gorokhov V.A. "Russian gardens and parks", M, "Nauka", 1988
• Grimal P. Les Gardins Romains. Paris 1984
• Grimal P. L "art des Gardins. Paris 1964
• Jashemski W.E. The Gardins of Pompei, Herculanum and the vsllad destroyed by Vesuvius, 2 vol New York, 1979
• Sergeenko M.E. "Gardening in Ancient Italy", Scientific Notes of Leningrad State University, No. 142, 1956

see also

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The park is a memory of the garden and park art - a category of observances, which is determined by the Law of Ukraine on the natural reserve fund of Ukraine.

Parks are memorials of the landscape gardening art - the most significant and valuable signs of park life with a method of protecting them and victorious in aesthetic, virtuoso, scientific, nature protection and health purposes.

According to the Law of Ukraine on the PPF (Article 3), parks - memorials of the landscape gardening art are considered to be a group of piece creations of the PPF. The group also includes: botanical gardens, dendrological parks and zoological parks. According to the same article of the Law, "parks - monuments" of gardening and park science fallow in their ecological, scientific, historical and cultural value can be of a sovereign or a public significance."

Parks - memorials of landscape gardening art can be used as a power of the Ukrainian people, as well as in other forms of power, transferred by the legislation of Ukraine (Article 4 of the Law of Ukraine on the NRF). yards of gardening and park science, landowners of goiters "to ensure the regime of their protection and conservation with the re-registration of protective goiters" (Article 4 of the Law of Ukraine on the NRF). Parks are memorials of the gardening and park science, until the legislation of Ukraine can be recognized by legal persons. (Article 5 of the Law of Ukraine on the NRF).

Gardening and park art has a long history. Yogo vyniknennya syagaє at glib vіkіv i є a sign of civilization, cultivation of the natural environment. Gardening and park art can be compared to synthetic types of art and is one of the most foldable and laborious, even operating with inanimate speeches and living istots - roslins.

Like the skin is alive, the park is growing, the stages of development, development, and death. The sight of the park is signifi- cantly injected with the prima volodar, natural storms, change of fashion, visibility of the day, social catastrophes. Trees are made with their own vіk іsnuvannya. How to spare the park and watch over the course of a century, dead trees are replaced with analogues.

The concepts of “garden” and “park” are not far away, one kind of one, and often they are substitutes for one of one. Ale stinks to mourn different functions and report on independence about "acts of human activity.

The garden is an important agricultural facility for growing and cultivating fruits and vegetables.

The park is an important architectural object with special plans, including various architectural spores in small architectural forms (arbors, pavilions) to palaces, theaters, stadiums, various sports maidanchiks. fruit garden (orchard the city near the castle of Vilandry, in the park of Vaux le Vicomte, France; in the parks before St. Petersburg; the Italian park of the 17th century in the Pidgoretsky castle, Ukraine, mav vineyard). and the park - demarcate.

Let’s sit down and finish the shvidko at the warehouse of memorials. In Ancient Greece, piecework gardens quickly approached the status of a holy man. So it went with the gardens of the Academy near Athens. Named after the name of the mythical hero of the Academy. He helped the brothers - the twins Castor and Pollux - to free the princess of Europe from captivity. Behind the legend, the Academy was buried in my own garden. The Garden of the Academy took their residence of philosophers. The philosopher Plato (427-347 B.C.) was walking and disputing at once with the teachings and followers of the same.

Alupka Park is an unsurpassed work of art, with exotic vegetation, wonderful grottoes, springs, ponds. What history does it have? What sights are in it?

Alupka Park: attractions, description

The palace and park complex fits perfectly into the southern coastal landscape, against the backdrop of the overhanging and impregnable wall of Ai-Petri. Alupka Park covers an area of ​​40 hectares. It was founded at the beginning of the 19th century. The park was created on the principle of an amphitheater, in order to complement the surrounding nature. On its territory there are many different types of exotic plants.

The area of ​​the park is divided into two zones: Upper and lower park. Northern part The upper park is represented by large and small chaos, between which there are three beautiful ponds. From the ponds, paths lead to the Vorontsov Palace. On the way to the palace there is a ten-meter rock, called the "Moonstone".

The western part of the park is decorated with the Trilby fountain. The composition of the upper part of the park is Chestnut, Sunny, Contrasting and Plane meadows.

The lower park is part of the palace. There are several terraces and marble fountains. There is also an alley with Chinese roses, quince, forsythia. Below, a completely different story begins - the landscape part of the park, which descends directly to the sea. Tall cypresses and plane trees grow on the slopes, and below, waves break on boulders.

History of the park

Back in the 18th century, instead of a park, there were human settlements near the sea coast. They were located right among the stones, which often served as roofs for houses. Even then, travelers romanticized these places, with mulberry, peach and pomegranate gardens, which bordered on the rocky cliffs of the seashore.

At the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th, landscape art was popular, and a place was looking for a grandiose park. The choice, of course, stopped at Alupka with many springs and picturesque landscapes.

In 1824 the foundation of the park was laid. The German Karl Kebach was chosen as the main one. It started out very difficult long work, which, under the leadership of Kebach, was carried out by the peasants. The site of the future park was cleared of stones and shrubs, and in their place black soil was brought from the southern part of Ukraine.

Exotic plants were actively brought from foreign regions. Most of the plants brought to Nikitinsky Botanical Garden, immediately went to land in Alupka Park. The trees and shrubs growing in these places were not uprooted by far. Many of them have been transplanted to other parts of the park. Remained in the park and oak, and dull pistachio, pomegranate tree. And old and hollow plants were used as a support for climbing plants.

By the end of the 19th century, the pattern of the park began to take shape, but that was only the beginning. Plants evolved and their growth required careful monitoring. After his death, the formation of the park continued for another 40 years, by gardeners Bishchenkovitch and Galushchenko.

park style

Alupka park was planned as a landscape park. This means that it had to be significantly different from classic parks with trimmed lawns and shrubs, flowerbeds and zones of geometric shapes. The main desire was to show the harmonious relationship between man and nature, their interaction and coexistence with each other.

The park was not supposed to contrast with the surrounding area. The paths that had existed here for a long time turned into park paths, and new plants neatly interspersed among the native trees. Ponds, fountains, lawns grew where the landscape and the trails allowed. Nature was not subordinate to the park, but the park was subordinate to it.

The mountainous terrain greatly contributed to the design of the park. The rugged relief made it possible to divide the park into several landscape areas, each one different from the other. The upper park has a rather steep relief. This part of the park has a more natural and natural look. Huge trees, shady paths, ponds, mysterious grottoes, blowing cool.

The lower park begins with a more gentle relief. The lower part of the park borders Vorontsov Palace and decorated in a classic park style. There are even terraces here, with an abundance of flowers and evenly trimmed shrubs - in the best traditions of European parks. Terraces and alleys grow into paths with springs and waterfalls, surrounded by tall pines. The relief becomes rocky and steep, and the style of the park returns to naturalness again.

Vegetable world

Plants Alupka park were brought from different parts of the world, today about 200 species of heat-loving plants grow here. Trees were brought from the Mediterranean, North America and East Asia.

In order to purchase a tree for the park, the conditions for its cultivation were studied, and most importantly, its features. appearance. Each tree had to be ideally suited in terms of height, size and type of crown.

Japanese sophora, persimmon, palm trees grow in the park. Indian lilac pleases with small pale pink flowers in August, and in June you can see orange flowers of a coral tree brought from South America. From there, the Chilean araucaria also arrived in the park.

Majestic redwoods, cypresses, and Montezuma pines were brought from North America. Plane trees and cork oaks, laurel, holm oak and strawberries also grow here. Large-flowered magnolias and chimananthus grow in the lower part of the park. The palm alley is dotted with roses of various varieties.

Fountains and ponds

The fountain of tears is the most famous in the park, located on the terrace, near the library building. This is a small cascading fountain, in the bloom of lilac, laurel, photini and viburnum bushes. Water flows calmly and evenly from one bowl to another. At the terraces there are two more marble fountains "Sink" and "Fountain of Cupids".

The ponds are the highlights of the park. These are artificially created ponds, quite similar to natural ones. Stone blocks are scattered around, and swampy cypresses surround it with a wall. Because of their beauty and atmosphere of peace and tranquility, they were often described in poetic lines.

A tree trunk hangs over one pond, almost adjoining the water and reflected in its mirror-like surface. Swans and ducks live on another lake. And in the middle of big pond there is a stone from under which streams of water make their way.

"Cats" of the park

The park of the Vorontsov Palace is inhabited by cats, but not alive. A diabase staircase leads directly to the main entrance to the palace, on both sides of which are located. This place is often called the "Lion's Terrace".

Three pairs of lions are made of white marble. Every couple has a different mood. At the very bottom of the stairs are sleeping lions. Having folded paw on paw, they buried their muzzles in them, and indulge in dreams.

Near the entrance to the palace is a pair of awake "kittens". With one paw they rest on a marble ball. Their claws are released, their open mouth shows fangs, and their gaze is directed towards the stairs, as if waiting for new guests.

The glades of the park

Alupka Park, in its upper part is decorated with picturesque glades. Plane glade is located next to the ponds. Not only plane trees grow in the clearing, but also sequoias 40 meters high. Here you can see walking peacocks, which were once brought to the park.

Immediately after Platanovaya begins Solnechnaya Polyana. It contrasts significantly with the previous glade and lake terrain in terms of the abundance of sunlight. From here you have the best view of Ai-Petri in the park. The sunny meadow is surrounded by pyramidal cypresses, Italian and Montezuma pines.

The Contrasting Glade got its name due to a sharp change in vegetation after Sunny meadow. In the center of the clearing grow two types of strawberries, which show either olive or coral trunks, depending on the season. It is also located here with a spreading dark green crown. The clearing is surrounded by silver spruces, cypresses and oaks.

Chaos

In the northern and western parts of the Upper Park there are amazing natural formations - the Small and Big Chaos. They look like heaps of stone boulders. Nature created this work with the help of frozen volcanic magma, which collapsed under the influence of earthquakes more than 150 years ago.

Karl Kebach brought the boundaries of the park to the chaos, inscribing them into the park composition. Here ancient legends are embodied, telling about the creation of the world from chaos.

Small chaos adjoins the palace and is located on the hills with its descents and ascents. Moss-covered stone blocks, grottoes and lianas winding along them evoke romantic and sublime feelings in notorious snobs and skeptics.

You can get to the Great Chaos along the path that leads from one of the lakes. Here, by the hands of gardeners, stone steps and small viewing platforms. Strawberries and lianas make their way through the stone cracks, and Apennine pines rise at the top. From here you can observe the wonderful landscapes of the sea, the palace and the entire park.

Alupka park: address

The park is located on Palace Highway, 10.

The park can be reached by regular Alupka buses 102, 107, 115.

From the city of Yalta, you can get to the park through the Alupka bus station, transferring to regular buses, or by minibus number 27, which departs from the upper platform of the Yalta bus station.

Entrance to the park is free, but the entrance to the Vorontsov Palace is paid.

The Vorontsov Palace is open to visitors from 9.00 to 17.00.

Conclusion

Alupka Park is a real masterpiece of gardening art. Every day he proves to his guests that nature and man-made work can coexist in complete harmony and understanding.

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course work

Parks-memory "yatki of the landscape gardening art of Ukraine as a recreational object"

Visnovki

List of victorious literature

Upgrading a thousand, in fact, after the appearance of a settled way of life, a person constantly changed the environment of the components and the power of landscape complexes, gave the current development of necessary directing, adapting as much as possible to the needs of the people livoї groups of landscapes, like anthropogenic. As soon as I left the first settlements, various agricultural and subdar settlements, now the people are left with urbanized areas, industrial and transport universities, large agro-industries and forestry and subdar complexes.

Among the significant number of anthropogenic landscapes in a special group is the group of garden and park landscapes, yak, for their functional features, mutually "languages, which, in the interplay of the natural and created human system in modern minds, the development of suspі flattering, overcoming the problems of harmonization of the middle, creating comfortable minds for life Їx, according to S. Belyaeva's idea, varto consider as a kind of compromise between the need to remake, vicorist the components of nature and save them at the same time.

Pragnennya people to the beautiful, to the mystical values ​​sprung up the creation of such a rather folding synthetic kind of art, like a garden and park art. As a kind of architectural and artistic creativity, which will become important elements of nature, architecture, artistic art and their compositional composition, garden and park art and yoga, for example, memorial parks , at the singing hour and until now get to yourself not only the meshkants of the territories adjacent to them, but also tourists, sightseers, scientists, too.

Do not give enough respect, that parks and gardens have long been not only utilitarian, but also aesthetically important. With the development of success, the improvement of transport services and the importance of the language, the role of tourism has significantly increased for the development of social and economic resources between various administrative and territorial organizations and the lands of the world. claims around the significance of the natural-reserved territory on the river With other natural-reserved territories, those objects may be of great importance for the development of a balanced recreational and tourist activity.

The method of the coursework is the analysis of parks-memory "yatok of landscape gardening in Ukraine as recreational objects".

The urgency of the topic is well understood, first of all, that the development of tourism in Ukraine is even more promising, and in another way, the theme of the development of landscape tourism is practically not achieved.

The achievement of the appointed meti robot and transfer of vikonannya of such tasks:

Explore the history of the development of parks-memorials of landscape gardening in Ukraine;

Analyze the countryside parks-memory "yatkas" of great sovereign significance;

Appreciate the place of park-memory in the recreation of Ukraine and the development of garden and park tourism.

The subject of the study is the specifics of garden and park tourism as recreational objects.

About the "accomplishment" of garden and park tourism in Ukraine.

Follow-up methods: analysis and synthesis, formal, dialectical logic, historical, linear and in.

Structurally, the course work is composed of three entries, three divisions, drafts, and a list of vikoristanih dzherel.

The theoretical and methodological basis of the work was the legal and regulatory acts of Ukraine, which support the functioning of the natural reserve fund of the country, the development of tourism and the entire recreational and tourist complex, the regulations, and the introduction of juvanoї problems (O. Beydik, S. Belyaeva, V. Bilous, K. Gamaliya, A. Hetman, G. Denisik, S. Dutchak, M. Klyap, V. Kovtun, I. Kravtsova, S. Kuznetsov, V. Kucheryavy, R. Malenkov, P. Maslyak, V. Petranivsky, I. Rodichkin, Ya. Sadovenko, L. Tsarik, G. Chernyuk, F. Shandor, M. Shulga, A. Yakimchuk and others), publications in specialized periodicals, materials from the Internet.

1. History of the development of parks-memoriams of landscape gardening in Ukraine

The concepts of “garden” and “park” are close to one and the same and are often interchangeable. Ale stinks can be different functions and є as a whole independent objects of human activity.

The garden is an important strong object for growing and cultivating fruits and vegetables, and the park is, as a rule, mystetsky object with special plans, including various architectural spores in the form of small architectural forms (altankas, pavilions) to palaces, theaters in, stadiums, rіznih sports maidans. A part of historical parks is small at its warehouse and fruit garden (orchard that city near the Vilandry castle, in the Vole Viscount park (France), in the parks before St. . In today's parks, these days will ring out, and the functions of the orchard and the park will separate.

M. Klyap and F. Shandor designate the garden as a territory planted by people with fruit trees and chagars. Also, the garden can grow decorative chagars, flowers, as well as the presence of elements of the city. There are different types of gardens: botanical garden; winter garden; orchard; orchard; japanese garden i yogo variety - Garden of stones. The city is also called a garden because of the planting of fruit and berry crops.

Nayvіdomishі sadi svitu

Versailles, France - a garden of inspiration for Louis XIV.

Invisible Garden Cosmic Speculation, UK

The Boboli Garden, Italy, stretches across the hill behind Petty's Palace, one of the largest and most elegant gardens in the Italian style. Yogo design of letters of vikoristany as the basis for all royal gardens in Europe, including Versailles.

Rikugien Garden, Japan - one of the most beautiful gardens in Tokyo, knowledge like "6 we sing garden".

Garden of Claude Monet, France.

The Butchart Gardens, USA. The garden was laid down in 1904 Bushart's homeland in the city of car "єru, de її cholovіk having obtained vapnyak, to ennoble the znіvechenu territory.

Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden, Cape Town, PAR.

Yu Gardens, China. The Garden of Inspirations during the Ming Dynasty by the Emperor Jia Jin, and Renewals in 1960

Lincoln Memorial Garden, USA.

Exbury Gardens - New Forest, UK.

Holland Keukenhof Gardens, Netherlands.

Mirabell Garden, Austria and in.

The park is a special fenced territory (naturally pieced), seen more importantly for the purpose of recreation, vindication. In the same way, the words “park” and “garden” did not go far. That is why the word gardening and park art is widely vindicated.

M. Klyap and F. Shandor see the following main types of parks: English park; botanical park; arboretum; water park; zoological park; forest park; national park; park of culture and vіdpochinku; rozvag park; natural park; french park; private park; ethnocultural park.

Find home parks around the world:

Central Park (USA, New York).

Hyde Park (Great Britain, London).

The English park is one of the largest Russian parks in the world (Nimechchina, Munich).

Belvedere (Austria, Vision).

San Susi (Nimechchina, Potsdam).

Chapultepec (Mexico, Mexico City).

Tuileries (France, Paris).

Summer Garden (Russia, St. Petersburg).

Vigaland Sculpture Park (Norway, Oslo).

10. Sofiivka (Ukraine, Uman).

Gardens and parks often gain the status of monuments. Monuments of gardening and park art are historical and cultural monuments that organically include growth in their warehouse, especially the landscape (pagorbi, dzherela vodi and waterfalls, stream valleys, chi rivers, stones , rocks, distant landscape perspectives, sometimes swampy landscaping), architectural spores, sculptures, kvtniki too.

In the history of the creation of historical and cultural landscapes, zocrema, the creation of garden and park art was begun in Old Egypt about 4 thousand years BC. ancient capital of Egypt - Piv, And here the gardens were specially brought from other lands. residences. Greece succumbed to the influx of culture and tradition of Egypt, India and Persia, and then sank into the development of Ancient Rome.

The Balbi Garden near Florence (Italy), the Sans Souci Park near Potsdam (Nimechchina), the palace park near Versailles (France) and the National Dendrological Park “Sofievka” (Ukraine) have been recognized as the most famous masterpieces of European park life in the past centuries. Dosit in the house of St. Petersburg palace complex (Russia).

Even for hours in Kievan Rus, the words "yani changed the different natural objects" that were on the territory of the temples. The commandments were called in them "godly", "righteous fox", "holy boron". At the sacred highways, they harrowed the cut of the tree, the lamati of the gіlka, and mowed the grass. At the wrong hour, it was hard to go there. At that hour, such a fence was called - commandments. The commandment was voiced urochisto, in front of the great choirs of people. Forest tracts were bypassed with priests and images, holy water and prayers, deafening the fence of cutting the tree sprat of rock. Old trees were often surrounded by a fence, and only a priest would go outside the fence. Crimea of ​​forest groves, near the words "yan observances" the deacons of lakes, rivers, great boulders, vigilant stones and burns were taken in.

The monasteries played a pivotal role in the preservation of forests, under such stench they were carefully protected and subdecades were preserved to this day, becoming the basis of today's nature reserves, parks, wildlife sanctuaries.

A spravzhnіy splash to the development of gardening and park art in Ukraine in modern times from the extended Baroque, Ukrainian variety of such, on the vіdmіnu vіd zahidnoevropejskom, the first characterizes the nationality for everything, the most pronounced in vіtchiznіnі and architecture, and, apparently, in landscape architecture. in Ukraine, we continue to change styles for other types of art, and in the course of one century, the formation and development of a regular, landscape, romantic and sentimental park was created here. educators.

Creation of garden and park ensembles in the XVIII century. vydbuvalosya for the minds accumulated in the future to build a practical knowledge of acclimatization of growing and obvious scientific knowledge of architecture, budivel's work, botany, zoology. The rose of the vineyard botany was sown by the graduates of the Kiev-Mohyla Academy M. Terekhovsky, G. Sobolevsky, S. Andrievsky.

Significant impact on the development of the maetkovo budіvnitstv maev enlightenment humanism of the other half of the 18th century. The world of gardening culture being based on the principles of realistic philosophy, exercising to clarity, order and simplicity. In the enlightened literature, people were thought of as a part of nature, and to this, the light that is so special will be under the laws of the improvement of the natural environment.

Educational group "Popivska academy" near Popivtsy in Slobozhanshchina, as a cherubov Kharkiv educator O. Palitsyn, about "on the day of the city's intelligentsia, as it was engaged in the nutrition of science and education. Members of the group discussed the problems of rationality i, “naturalness”, which had their own specific influence in the garden culture O. Palitsyn should have the idea of ​​the palace and park ensemble of G. Shydlovsky near Stary Merchik - the first landscape park in the Kharkiv region, one of the first in Ukraine and Russia.

The school of gardening near Khoteni is of no small importance for the wide-ranging culture of park gardening, and the desperation of the Sumy colonel Kondratiev inspired one of the best gardens in all of Russia for the project of D. Quarenghi. I. Karazin having fallen asleep in the park near the Osnov "Yantsyah" for a great project, with a greenhouse, for which brother V. Karazin vinayshov the original scorching system. tsії villages porіd.

The fertile lands of Chernigivshchyna became a place for the roztashuvannya of large hetman residences. Seeing here as a gift the view of Katerini II, near the village of Parafiivka, Field Marshal P. Rum "yantsev, roaring the life of architectural spores, sharpened by gardens. The palace near Kachanіvtsі buv zvedeniya in the 18th century, designed by the Moscow architect K. Blank .Water system for the park, one the largest in Russia, a small area of ​​​​more than 100 hectares.

Count P. Zavadovsky, who took away the land and great wealth from Katerini II, having inspired the stone palace behind the plan of D. Quarenghi near the Lyalichs of the Chernigiv province. irints.

Gardening and park life on the Right-Bank Ukraine, on the lands, yakі until 1792, had a particularly significant development. entered the warehouse of the Commonwealth. The mighty princely homelands (Ostrozky, Vyshnevetsky, Chartorizky) volodized a great number of lands, which were handed down from generation to generation. Sadybnі complexes became a sign of the power and prestige of their Vlasniks - Polish magnates, as they asked for their creations of the smallest fakhіvtsіv - architects, housekeepers, gardeners, whose robots could not be assessed on the territory of Poland.

The transition from sentimentalism to romanticism in the history of the garden and park art of Ukraine is clearly seen when looking at two of the most diverse ensembles - Umansky and Korsunsky. For the life of the park in Uman, they asked for a certified German gardener Oliva, who touched the natural relief. The park, named Sofіїvka in honor of Sophia Pototska, was created as a romantic park-symbol: numerical grottoes, waterfalls, statues evoked a melancholy mood.

The most important component of the Korsun garden is stone, which is inspired by the simplicity of form and structure. The park was shaped by victorious miraculous nature, motivated by the primary landscape. Inspirations on three little islands, which also inspire others in other parks, the Korsunsky ensemble is a unique showcase of architects and gardeners.

Near the Pivnichno-Skhidny part of the Right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine, not far from the White Church, there is another wonderful ensemble - the Oleksandriya dendrological park. The park compositions were based on the principle of complete devotion to the natural landscape, which implied the inclusion of elements of symmetry. In the lower part of the park, exotic breeds, imported from other lands and regions, dominated, in the western part - natural forest. The largest oak grove in the central part of the park has become a century-old oak forest with an area of ​​35 hectares, with a growth of 1,500 oak trees per year, from 100 to 300 trees. I will decorate the park and the pavilions "Moon" and "Rotonda", the architecture of the "Ruina" sporud.

In the other half of the nineteenth century. the process of development of landscape gardening life on the terenes of Ukraine is noticeably improved. From the 1840s, the garden life begins to fall, the beginning of the crisis of natural economy and the cob of industrial coup in Ukraine. pay special respect to the nourishment of the intensification of the state in their mothers. to utilitarianism was manifested in the introduction of plots of the park territory for acclimatization of new values ​​in decorative and industrial varieties of trees and bushes, at that time, as the artistic side of the composition of the garden and park landscape entered a different plan. wines of the 19th century in Ukraine were created garden - park ensembles that deserve respect.

One of these ensembles is the landscape park near Trostyanets, creations near Maetku I. Skoropadsky, in which there are no architectural features, but the flora of which is considered to be a rare richness. shortest landscape parks.

Veselo-Bokovenkivsky arboretum of M. Davidov, the cape of the hero of the war with Napoleon, partisan Denis Davidov, was founded in 1893. near the steppe treeless zone of the Kirovohrad region. This ensemble demonstrates the ability of the people, as they set themselves up as a metaphor for the growth of a beautiful park on inhospitable lands, for unfriendly climatic minds. The small arboretum in the landscape style has become a laboratory for further study of the acclimatization of exotics and rare roslins on the Right-Bank Ukraine.

Maёtok large tsukrozavodchik І. Kharitonenko Nataliivka is the example of the zamіsky dacha complex of the end of the 19th century; One of the most important elements of the Natalia park - the so-called "sleeping terraces" - a garden of dwarf apple trees on five stone terraces, which created a pleasant microclimate for roslins.

Old-fashioned parks, which were created for the sake of recognition and representation, have become priceless memorials of their era, and with a good hour, their significance only increases. far from the first sight. not only at the ruinous hour in the parks: the appearance of the parks is constantly changing in the process of transformation of the living dewy material. the constructions of the parks - their perebudova zalezhno vіd opportunities vikoristannya. -the scientific potential of the old parks is the most victorious in the times carried out on their bases of scientific research work on introduction and acclimatization. Rostyanets belonging to the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. the ensemble is even more important: it will save the yogo vikoristan as a place of inspiration, the museum is just the sky, the reserve. For an effective introduction to the park as a high-art complex, not only historians of the arts, but also dendrologists, ecologists, hydrotechnicians and fahivtsiv of other specialties should be educated. Science and technical knowledge, zavdyaks, as if they created miracle garden and park ensembles, will help to continue the current century by giving them new clothes.

2. Analysis of venerable parks-memory "yatok" of imperial significance

On the cob of XXI century. natural reserve fund (NRF) of Ukraine, including 3 biospheric and 14 natural reserves, 7 national parks and 6596 wildlife sanctuaries, natural monuments, botanical gardens, zoological and dendrological parks, memorial parks and others. .

The functioning of the natural reserve fund of Ukraine is determined by the legislation of Ukraine. The regulatory framework for the activities of the NRF includes:

Laws of Ukraine “On the Natural Reserve Fund of Ukraine”, “On Making Amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On the Natural Reserve Fund of Ukraine”, “On the Protection of the Navkolishny Natural Environment”;

Decree of the President of Ukraine "On the territory of the natural reserve fund of sovereign significance"; "About the expansion of the borders and territories of national natural parks and other natural-reserved objects"; "About the creation of a national natural park"Prip" yat-Stohid ";

Resolve to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On the service of the state protection of the natural reserve fund of Ukraine”, “On the approval of the transfer of paid services, which can be imposed by budgetary regulations of the natural reserve fund”;

Decree of the Supreme Council for the sake of Ukraine "On the regulation of the management of reserves and national natural parks";

Order of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine "On the Approval of the New Edition of the Regulations on the Scientific Activity of Reserves and National Natural Parks of Ukraine";

Order of the Ministry of Natural Environment Protection and Nuclear Safety of Ukraine “On Approval of the Regulations on Ecological and Lighting Activities of Nature Reserves and National Natural Parks of Ukraine”; “On the Approval of the Regulations on Recreational Activities at the Borders of Territories and on the Acts of the Natural Reserve Fund of Ukraine”;

Regulations of the Ministry of the Protection of the Natural Environment of Ukraine "On the Project of the Organization of the Territory of the National Natural Park, the Protection, the Establishment of the Recreational Vicaria and Yoga Natural Complexes and the Project"; "On the Project of the Organization of the Territory of the Regional Landscape park, bury, create and create recreational and natural complexes and about "ektiv" and in. .

For the classification of territories and about "acts of the natural reserve fund of Ukraine, established in the Law of Ukraine "On the natural reserve fund of Ukraine" to the natural reserve fund of Ukraine, lie:

Natural territories and objects - natural reserves, biospheric reserves, national natural parks, regional
landscape parks, sanctuaries, monuments of nature, protected areas;

Piece creations about the fact - botanical gardens, dendrological parks, zoological parks, memorial parks of landscape gardening art.

Resources, PACA "Nature Vatka, Botanichny Sadi, Dendrogologi Parks, Zoologiy Parks The Parks-Pam" Vatka of Garden-Park Mystics, I am in the ecologa і science, cultural and cultural nun, the bouty of the native subordinate zero.

Parks-memoriams of landscape gardening art stun the most significant and valuable sights of park life with the method of burying them and victoria in aesthetic, spiritual, scientific, nature-preserving and health-improving purposes. ecstva zagalnoderzhannoy significance є nature protection recreational installations . The openness of the parks-memory "yatok of the landscape gardening art to go through the established order, or without the exclusion of land plots, water and other natural objects from their vlasniks or koristuvachivs. On the territory of the park-memory "yatok garden and park art"
scientific research can be carried out. On their territory, the vigilance is being defended, so that they don’t “appear” because of the victories laid on them, and threaten their savings.

On the territory of the monuments of the garden and park museum, excursions and mass repairs of the population are carried out; some are dead, get used to it, come in and save self-sowing, saving compositions from trees, chagarniks and flowers, grasses and lawns. On their territory, zoning can be carried out in a vіdpovіdno to vimog, installed for botanical gardens.

Utrimanya that reconstruction of parks-memorials is carried out through projects that are developed by scientific and design regulations and are approved by authorities, at the order of which they are rebuying parks, for the weather:

The central body of vikonavchos ruled in the gallery of protection
navkolishny natural environment - shchodo parkіv-memory "yatok
garden and park art of great sovereign significance;

bodies central authority vikonavcho vladi in the galley
bury the most important natural environment in the places - schodo parkiv-memory "yatok landscape gardening mystetstva mystic significance.

Vlasniki or koristuvachs of land plots, water and others
natural objects "facts, stunned by parks-memory" yatkas of landscape gardening
mystetstva, take on goiters"
їх protect that savings.

The NRF of Ukraine includes a number of territories and about "acts, which may serve a substantive task - conservation of nature and recreation - national natural parks (NNP) and regional landscape parks (RLP). i, scientifically-prestigious establishment, that are created with the method of conservation, creation and effective recovery of natural complexes and about "facts, as they can be especially environmental protection, health improvement, historical and cultural, scientific, illuminating and aesthetic value. The main tasks are: the preservation of valuable natural and historical and cultural complexes and objects; the creation of minds for effective tourism, the development of other types of recreation; the adoption of environmental education and work.

The protection of nature is a sign of the right civilization of the country, and the development of a nature protection gallery in Ukraine and the Ninth is even more relevant. For this reason, there is a plan to increase the area of ​​the NRF. Ninі zagalna plot of land included in the stockpile of NRF Ukraine to become 4.95% of the area of ​​the edge. Tse mayzhe 30 thousand. km2 - the area around the administrative region, or a small power. In 2011, the territory of the NRF of Ukraine was set up in 7346 territories and objects, of which 19 national natural parks and 49 regional landscape parks were established by the NRF.

In total, there are 88 memorial parks in Ukraine of landscape gardening and 426 monumental values.

Remembrance parks of the gardening and park art of historical significance include: parks of culture and vіdpochinku, arboretums, delyanki fox, yakі vikoristovuyutsya like parks vіdpochinku, tobto є forest parks, and іnshі about "єkti.

In Ukraine, the well-known sights of gardening and park art, around the Sofiyivka park, the State Nikitsky Botanical Garden, dendrological parks Oleksandriya, Trostyanets, Veseli Bokovenki, magnate palace parks of Zahidnoy Ukraine and others and [18, p. 129].

As far as the territorial distribution of recreational and tourist resources for the regions of Ukraine, P. Maslyak saw the monuments of the garden and park art of sovereign and cultural significance in the surrounding regions:

ARC - Alupka palace-museum and park of the XIX century, Nikitsky botanical garden, Masandrivsky park near Yalta; Vinnitsa region - 29 memorial parks of landscape gardening (11 of state importance); Volyn region: 5 parks of landscape gardening museums of artistic significance, botanical garden of Volyn State University; Dnipropetrovsk region - 7 memorial parks of landscape gardening art; Zhytomyr region - 31 memorial parks of landscape gardening art; Zakarpattia region - 21 monuments of garden and park art; Zaporizhka region - 20 parks-memories of garden and park art; Ivano-Frankivsk region - 8 parks and memorials of the landscape gardening museum; Kyiv region - 8 parks and memorials of the landscape gardening museum (arboretum "Oleksandriya" and a complex of park spores near the metro station Biliy Tserkvі); Kirovohrad region - 4 memorial parks of landscape gardening art (arboretum "Veseli Bokovenki"); Lugansk region - 6 parks-memorias of landscape gardening museum (including "Gostra Mogila"); Lviv region - 55 memorial parks of the landscape gardening museum (botanical garden of Lviv University, 2 arboretums); Mykolaiv region - 19 memorial parks of the landscape gardening museum (“Mostovsky” of sovereign significance, botanical tract “Stepok” sovereign significance ); Odesa region - 19 memorial parks of the landscape gardening museum (botanical garden of the Odessa State University, Kardamichi Park); Poltava region - 20 parks-memorials of the landscape gardening museum (4 - state significance, Ustimivsky arboretum); Rivne region - 9 parks-memory "yatok of landscape gardening; Sumy region - 19 parks-memory" yatok of landscape gardening; Ternopil region - 18 memorial parks of garden and park art (4 - state significance); Kharkiv region - 4 monuments of garden and park art (1 - state significance); Kherson region - 12 memorial parks of landscape gardening museum; Khmelnytsky region - 24 memorial parks of landscape gardening museum (8 - sovereign significance, Kam "yanets-Podilsky botanical garden); Cherkaska region - 38 parks-memories" yatok of gardening and park art (6 - sovereign significance, arboretum "Sofiyivka"); Chernivtsi region - 40 parks-monuments of landscape gardening art (botanical garden and arboretum of Chernivtsi State University, Storozhynets arboretum, monuments of landscape gardening art of the 19th century near Chernivtsyakh); Chernigivska region - 22 parks-memory "yatki" of gardening and park art (sovereign significance near the village of Sokyryntsi, Trostyanets arboretum, palace and park ensemble near the village of Kachanivka); Kiev - over 60 parks (Hydropark, Golosivsky named after M. Rilsky, Central, Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences, Botanical Garden of the National University named after A. V. Fomin and In.).

Skin care"Yatok of a garden and park art of great sovereign significance - "Golosіїvskiy lis", "Feofaniya", "Sharivskiy", "Tashanskiy park", "Dubechnya", "Khomutetskiy", "Livadіyskiy", "Masandrivskiy", "Mіskhorskiy", "Pecherskiy park "that in. - has its own peculiarity, "rodzinka".

So, the park-memory of the garden and park museum of the imperial significance “Sharivsky”, which is located in the village of the local type of Sharivka, Bogodukhivsky district of the Kharkiv region, belongs to the oldest monuments of the palace and park architecture of Ukraine. The compositional center of the park is a two-top castle-palace on a high hillock, which may have 26 rooms and three halls. Zovnishnya budova ta inter"єri, stylized in the Gothic style, if they were designated as rich and often preserved until our time: kahlevi stoves, wall painting and openwork stucco, dark oak panels, marmurov paradnі skіdtsі. ї collections of diverse - close to 200 species of trees and bushes , 150 of some rare exotic breeds.

Zagalnoderzhanny park-memory "yatka of landscape gardening of the ХVІІІ century. Tashansky park, roztashovaniya near Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky, Kiev region, is characterized by a rare and non-repeated mіstsevіstu. the origin of the local population. , landscape, a clear view of other woodpeckers, three man-made stakes, digging at various points in the park. , curlew, shpak The park and its environs are inhabited by animals: hare hare, fox ore, stone marten "yana and fox, fox thir, vidra, beaver, muskrat, mink.

Do not marvel at those that the Tashansky park functions as a memory of the garden and park science and the ordering of the Studeniki forestry, a year of neglect. spend their value, through lack of sight. In addition, a lot of exotic trees have perished, so that they could brighten up the Tashansky park for a long time and sweeten the eyes of the spectators.

A unique feature, like a park-memory "yatka of the landscape gardening mythology of the imperial sovereign significance" Feofaniya "s-similarity of other harmonies of miraculous masterpieces of primordial nature from the modern landscape design against the backdrop of spiritually ї greatness of St. Panteleimon Cathedral. history rich in cult podia and is a unique cultural and natural establishment with the potential functions of health improvement, recreation, tourist attraction and religious center.

Even more high is the historical and cultural value of the park-memory "yatka of the garden and park museum of the supreme sovereign significance" Khomutetsky "(Poltava region), as it richly transcends its botanical significance. Here the history of sadibi and the activity of the Decembrists is taken in. In one of the premises of the palace, stashed the territory of the park, a part of the exposition of the Khomutetsky Historical Museum is dedicated to the Decembrists.

At the given hour, over 20 species and forms of trees and chagars grow near the park. The basis of the park is natural forest, in which there are three hundred oaks and lindens. To the botanical memorial "yatka" is a pedunculate oak - an oak tree, a kind of planting of Muravyov-Apostol in honor of his dead blue-decembrists. A park of plans in a regular and landscape style. strolistim, know on the side of the head facade. and flood meadows, 154 species of terrestrial mountain rangers live here, three of which are listed up to the Chervonoy Book of Ukraine, 2 are included in the European Red List, two species are regional rare. the park has a lot of birds - close to 110 views.

On the territory of the village of Pechera, Tulchinsky district, Vinnytsia region, a memorial was planted for the garden and park museum of the royal sovereignty “Pechersky Park”. in, yakі malovnicho roztashuvalis on the banks of the shore river Pivdenniy Bug, the channel of which in the area of ​​the park zone was filled with numerous rapids. residence. Near the stone palace was laid a park. About the regular visit to the Pechersky Park, note the correct geometric plan, which was mostly saved, and a linden alley from the head gate to the palace, which is already 300 years old. Parallel to the main one, along the perimeter, two boulder avenues were created, yak, they crossed the other, perpendicular, under the hood straight to the Bug. In front of the main facade of the palace, on the side of the river, there were large flower stalls with fountains and terraces that led to the water. The grandiose panorama of Zabuzhzhya was crowned by a century-old pine forest. For example, XIX century. Bouv Park converted to landscape. Sered Volodariv Pecheri buv "Sarmatian prince" Yurko Khmelnitsky, the birthplace of the Pototskys. In the Pechersky Park of Raztoshovaniya, an architectural masterpiece is the Mausoleum of the Sim Pototskys.

Comprehensive scientific-prestigious establishment, one of the oldest in Ukraine, which conducts work on the nutrition of fertility and botany, is the Nikitsky Botanical Garden (NBS). The arboretum garden is a unique selection of plants from the other continents, and, as a result, the place of origin and excursions is more popular. Roztashovaniya on Pivdenny birch of Krim between the village of Nikita (nin-Botanichne) and the Black Sea.

According to the estimates of the leading fakhіvtsіv in the gallery of botany, the Nikitsky botanical garden is among the most famous botanical installations in the world and quiet, which includes the largest collections of the gene pool of valuable trees. NBS is the only one in our region with a collection of species and varietal varieties of fruit crops, which includes over 11,000 varieties of peach, apricot, alich, cherry, fig, pomegranate, olive, jujube, persimmon. Here are selected unique collections of ornamental villages and herbs "of young roslins, which grow over 6,000 species, and rich varieties and farm collections of over 250 botanical species of spicy-aromatic, ethereal, medicinal, farbnih dews Teaching the Garden is won and is known to Vivchenni close to 35 yew hybrids, polyploids and mutant forms of gospodarsko-tsinnyh roslins.

For vagomy, he contributed to the team of the Vitchian agrarian science by the Decree of the President of Ukraine dated September 13, 2000. The Nikitsky Botanical Garden was given the status of the National Science Center. NBS is a leading center for scientific and educational work and promotion of the achievement of national botanical and agricultural science in Ukraine, a center for the training of scientific faculty and qualifications in the field of direct yoga news.

garden flower tourism park

3. The place of parks and memorials in the recreation of Ukraine and the development of garden and park tourism

Old-fashioned landscape objects, parks-remembrances of gardening and park art may have significant cultural, historical, aesthetic and dendrological value and support the protection of the power. At the same time, garden and park landscapes, with their own material inspirations of past fates, like this year, save the memory of their lords, so looking at the whole varto, look at how important it is about "acts of recreational and touristic activity yality of the regions.

Parks-memorials of landscape gardening art - it’s not less than a work of art, but it’s also a kind of illustration of philosophical glances, a setting of people to nature. economical, natural, aesthetic, cultural, religious those other aspects, and in addition, may dominate the characteristic signs of the skin variety of landscape gardening.

A. Yakimchuk vvazha, that the recreational value of the parks-memory should be determined by such warehouses: landscape-aesthetic value, climatic indications for the development of recreation in warm and cold periods, the potential of nature conservation areas and about "є ktiv, historical and cultural value, the presence of mortgages accommodation of tourists, transport accessibility.

Varto vrakhovuvati, scho gardens and parks, pov "yazanі z іdomih іdomih іdіhііhіhіhі articles, pozglyadyutsya yakі єkti kul'turnії spadschiny i go to remembrance" yatok arhіtektury і міstobuduvannya Ukrainy. Zokrema, Sofia Glavani-Witt-Potots ka bula was the initiator of the creation of the park, yak The National Dendrological Park "Sofiyivka" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Uman metro station, Cherkasy region).

The creation of garden and park landscapes in the Right-Bank Ukraine pov "is called such famous names: Branitsky, Tolsty, Lopukhin, Dakhovsky, Grokholsky, Shuvalov, Davidov, Vorontsov, Sveikovsky, Pototsky and others. Garden and parks of rich Polish magnates and dews іysk nobles became their own cultural centers For example, one of the centers of the Decembrist rush near the town of Kam'yantsi. V. Davidov repeatedly boules S. Volkonsky, P. Pestel, S. Muravyov-Apostol, M. Bestuzhev-Ryumin and others.

With the childhood of T. Shevchenko, pov "was a gardener of Engelhardt in the village of Budishchi, Zvenigorod district, Cherkasy region. In the fierce year of 1847, F. List saw Nemirov, de giving one of his last concerts near the hall of the palace of Count B. Pototsky. in Nemyriv arrived Honore Balzac from Evelina Hanska, here the “beautiful beauties” “shone” - the young daughter of O. Pushkin, Tasha. Mecca. Hanging 1878 r. the composer having accepted the request to come from Brailiv. There they wrote the first orchestral suite, the opera "Orleanska diva", p "єsa for violin, sim romances.

Today's palaces, park areas of garden and park landscapes go to the relocation of monuments of architecture and locality of Ukraine: a park and a palace near Voronovitsa smt. the garden of the counts of Chernomsky (XIX century), the park near the village of Spichintsy (the end of the XVIII century), the park "Oleksandriya" (m. Bila Tserkva, XVIII-XIX centuries), the garden of Princess V. Golitsynoya (XVIII-XIX centuries) , the garden of Davidovs near the metro station Kam "yantsi (XVIII-XIX centuries), the garden of Lopukhins near the metro station Korsun-Shevchenkivsky (1783-1787), Mislivsky castle near the metro station Talny (XIX-XX centuries), "Sofivka" (XVIII-XIX centuries), sadiba from the park near metro Shpolі (XIX-XX centuries) and in.

The presence of monuments of landscape gardening museums zooms in on the development of landscape gardening (garden, park, flower) tourism, the specifics of what kind of field is in the fact that, from one side, wines only begin to grow in the world, and from the other, garden and park mist May be a long history. є with inanimate speeches and living essences - roslins.

In the capacity of a butt, we can bring, zokrema, a tour "Two parks of love", organized by the travel agency "Dinai Tour".

Tour program:

8.30 - departure from Kiev on a comfortable bus.

9.45 - arrival in metro Bila Tserkva.

10.00 - excursion around the arboretum "Oleksandriya", founded by Count Francis-Ksavier Branitsky in 1793. and named in honor of the squad, the niece of the clairvoyant prince Grigory Potiomkin-Tavriysky, chamber-maid of honor Katerina II. This park is considered to be one of the best in Europe and to cover over 1800 species of trees.

11.30 - free time - a walk in the park.

12.15 - departure from metro station Bila Tserkva.

14.00 - arrival in metro Uman.

14.15 - obid (for the bajan).

15.15 - excursion around the arboretum "Sofiyivka", the most homely in Ukraine. Yogo having created in 1796-1802 rr. Count Stanislav Pototsky for his squad - the beautiful Greek woman Sofia.

17.00 - free time - a walk in the park.

18.00 - departure from metro station Uman.

21.00 - arrival to Kiev.

On the outskirts of the Bila Church, all year round the capital, a unique creation of human hands and nature, the Oleksandriya dendrological park, was thriving. Vіn є one of the greatest vіdvіduvanih vіdvіduvanіh about "єkіvї in the Kiev region. Through the park, the passage is small, but the picturesque river Ros, like a mute complements the forest surroundings with dynamics.

Park "Oleksandriya" spread more low on 200 hectares. Vinik park as a castle residence of Count K. Branitsky in the XVIII century. behind the project and kerіvnitstvom іtalіysky master D. Botani and gardener A. Stange. Oleksandria serve as an excellent butt of a romantic park. The names of the wines in honor of the squad of Count Branitsky O. Engelhardt, who belonged to the niece of Prince G. Potomkin.

Until the middle of the 19th century, Oleksandriya became one of the most beautiful landscape parks in Ukraine. From Pivnіchnoy America and Western Europe, various exotic plants were imported into the park "Oleksandriya". At the deep beams there were sporadzhenі cascades of stakes, filled with pure dzherelny water, waterfalls and fountains. The glory of "Oleksandriya" added to these impersonal people, among them there were few people. At different times the poets Gavriil Derzhavin and Oleksandr Pushkin wandered along the alleys; Taras Shevchenko, Decembrists Sergiy Muravyov-Apostol, Mikhailo Bestuzhev-Ryumin used to come here, they saw the park of the members of the imperial homeland. For trust "pits," therefore "Poltava" Pushkin wrote himself in "Oleksandriya".

Walking along the alleys and paths of the Oleksandriya park, richly seeing and not guessing about those who stench here are more expensive than the earthly sack, shards of the father’s rich trees, to stand here in front of the eyes, yes leki continents and islands. There are over 600 species and forms of green "exotics" in the park.

The landscape park "Oleksandriya" is majestic and beautiful. The new one has less piecework, lower in Sofiyivtsy, vіn opposes the harmony of nature, for such a creation of human hands, there are only light additional strokes. Like, for example, the round colonnade is famous, the acoustics of which allows two people to speak in a whisper, standing in different lands. This attraction for rich tourists is a good guide.

Assessing the overall recreation and tourism potential of national natural and regional landscape parks in Ukraine, R. Malenkov, it is not effective to reach the visnovka, which is even more ineffective. In the middle of a significant number of environmental recreational facilities, only a few perform normally their functions. One of the main reasons for such a situation, in my opinion, is a catastrophic lack of information for the citizens of Ukraine and its guests (potential tourists and recreational services). That insignificant amount of information about the creation of parks, which, in the Internet, does not please the middle population in any world. Of particular importance is information about the recreational and tourist potential of the territory and about the "acts of the natural reserve fund. .

To this we can draw a crooked conclusion of the creative approach to the garden and park composition. Serpni born in 2011 Crooked Rose had a flower anniversary, the diameter of the dial of which would be 22 meters. The dial itself is under the cut of 30 degrees and supported by columns. At the hvilinnu strіlka, the length of which is 12 meters, a system for watering the roslins is installed. Here we have an innovative system for coloring colors in special boxes, so as not to let the earth grow; system of infra-red vipromination, which allows dewdrops to bloom. Anniversary is one of the "facts" of the architectural composition, which also includes a light-musical fountain and a monument "cossack rose.

During the rest of the day, more people give respect to the flowers, especially during the flowering period. In Transcarpathia, zokrema, narcissus, sakura, magnolia are especially peeling. The massive bloom of sakuri, as a rule, falls in the middle of the day. Sakuri and magnolia blossoms in Uzhgorod, Mukachevo, Khust have attracted the respect of dozens of thousands of lovers of beautiful roses. In the promotion of the holidays near the village of Didovo, Beregivsky district, as part of the celebration of the Day of the village, the traditional "Festival of Trojans" is celebrated. Varto expand the dosvіd of the village of Patskanyovo, Uzhgorod district, where the festival “Chervona Chervona” is held, the village of Dyula, Vinogradivsky district, de s 2008 r. “Festival of Midnight” and in.

VISNOVKI

In this way, the parks-memoriams of the landscape gardening mysticism are deafened by the most significant and valuable signs of park life with the method of protecting them and victorious in aesthetic, virtuary, scientific, nature-preserving and health-improving purposes. the park art of the imperial power significance є nature protection recreational installations. In total, there are 88 memorial parks in Ukraine of landscape gardening and 426 monumental values.

Remembrance parks of the gardening and park art of historical significance include: parks of culture and vіdpochinku, arboretums, delyanki fox, yakі vikoristovuyutsya like parks vіdpochinku, tobto є forest parks, and іnshі about "єkti. In Ukraine, the well-known views of landscape gardening art, around the Sofiyivka park, the State Nikitsky Botanical Garden, dendrological parks Oleksandriya, Trostyanets, Veseli Bokovenki, magnate palace parks of Zahidnoy Ukraine and others i.

Having traced the history of the development of gardening and park art in Ukraine, we can note that the right splash of new language from the extended baroque, the Ukrainian variety of such slena narodnіst, most revealed in vіtchiznіany architecture, i, vіdpovіdno , near the garden and park architecture. vav svitovі vіrtsі unique ukrainian park-budіvnitstv .

Analysis showing that skin memory"Yatok of a garden and park art of great sovereign significance - "Golosіїvskiy lis", "Feofaniya", "Sharivskiy", "Tashanskiy park", "Dubechnya", "Khomutetskiy", "Livadіyskiy", "Masandrivskiy", "Mіskhorskiy", "Pecherskiy park "that in. - I have my own peculiarity," rodzinka ", as we have crucified at the robot.

Yak about the "facts of recreational and touristic activities of the regions, parks-memorials" of garden and park mysticism are not only a manifestation of mysticism, but also a kind of illustration of philosophical views, the setting of a person to nature . Завдяки своїм особливостям, що визначаються історичними, політичними, соціально-економічними, природними, естетичними, культурними, релігійними та іншими аспектами й засобами впливу, можуть домінувати певні характерні ознаки у кожного різновиду садово-паркового мистецтва.

Recreational value of parks-memorials should be determined by such warehouses: landscape-aesthetic value, climatic indications for building recreation in warm and cold periods, the potential of nature conservation areas and about "act", historical and cultural value ist, availability of mortgages for tourist accommodation, transport accessibility.

The presence of monuments of landscape gardening museums zooms in on the development of landscape gardening (garden, park, flower) tourism, the specifics of what kind of field is in the fact that, from one side, wines only begin to grow in the world, and from the other, garden and park mist May be a long history. є with inanimate speeches and living essences - roslins.

Special propositions, pov "azan" z vіdvіduvannі z vіdvіduvannymi prіvіdіvnіvnymi garіdіv і parkіv populitіv, as well as festivals іvіtіv, nabuvayut daedalі more drink.

As a close example of the creation of the route of garden and park tourism, we brought the tour "Two Parks of Love", organized by the travel agency "Dinai Tour".

Assessing the overall recreational and tourist potential of national natural and regional landscape parks in Ukraine, it is possible to reach visnovka, which is even more inefficient. In the middle of a significant number of nature protection recreational installations, only a few perform normally their functions. One of the main reasons for this situation, in my opinion, is a catastrophic lack of information for the citizens of Ukraine and its guests (potential tourists and recreational services).

Problematic are also the nutrition of garden and park architecture. Few of the old monuments are ruined, but the new ones are practically not created. But it is not enough for a tourist to look at only the botanical warehouse of the parks, to find out about the historical heritage, to see the original architecture solution and in. Unfortunately, the largest parks in Transcarpathia cannot boast.

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