The name of the vessel from the word. Dictionary of marine terms

Autonomy - the duration of the voyage without replenishment of fuel, water and food.

Water area - limited area of the water surface.

Anticyclone - an area of high atmospheric pressure with air moving around its centre.

Axiometer - indicator of the angle of deflection of the rudder blade or the axis of the propeller relative to the center plane of the ship.

Arneson drive - type of transmission with a horizontal shaft.

afterpeak- the extreme aft compartment of the vessel.

Akhtershteven- aft end of the vessel, an element of the hull set. It can be a frame on the transom or a continuation of the keel beam.

Buchan - anchored floating navigation mark.

Ballast- liquid or solid cargo placed inside or outside the ship's hull, providing the necessary stability and draft. It may also be redundant and talk a lot.

Baller - a vertical shaft that serves as a drive for the rudder blade.

Jar- 1. Sitting on deckless boats, at the same time serves as a spacer between the sides. 2. Separately located aground of limited size. 3. Capacity for storing worms.

Bar- 1. Alluvial stranded in the coastal zone. 2. Unit of pressure, approximately equal to 1 atmosphere.

Barhout- thickening of the outer skin of the ship's hull in the area of the waterline.

beidewind- the course of the yacht, at which the diametrical plane of the vessel in relation to the direction of the wind is less than 90 degrees.

Seizing- ligation of thick cables with a thinner line.

Buttocks- lines of a theoretical drawing, giving an idea of the volumetric shape of the hull.

Batoport- movable dry dock wall.

Beam- a transverse beam connecting the side branches of the frame, an element of the hull set.

Bitt- cabinet for fastening cables on large cruising yachts.

Bon- a fixed floating structure for mooring small boats and other purposes and works.

Bora- He's a Nord-Ost.

Barrel- barrel. Large float at dead anchor. Facilitates the process of anchoring in difficult places. "Stand on the barrel."

Brandwacht- a ship installed to observe something (someone).

Windlass- deck mechanism for lifting the anchor.

Bridle- anchor cable, chain, rope, fixed with the root end to the anchor in the ground, and running - to the barrel, boom.

Breeze- coastal breeze, changing its direction during the day, due to the temperature difference between day and night, land - sea.

Throwing end- throwing end.

Broching- for sailing yachts: a sharp loss of control when fair wind with the release of the rudder blade from the water and falling on the cheekbone.

Buoy— floating navigation mark.

Buyrep- cable, on the trend of the anchor and a buoy on the surface. Indicates the place where the anchor lies and makes it easier later to detach it when lifting.

Vessel's capacity- a significant drawback - the property of the vessel to heel due to insignificant external forces on big angles and very slowly return back to the equilibrium position. Strongly manifested on ships with low stability.

waterways- a bed on the open deck for the flow of water. It is also used in the meaning of beams on the sides, as part of the deck flooring.

Waterline- the boundary of two media, clearly visible on the ship's hull. Of course, it depends on the load.

Spindle anchors- anchor rod.

Verp- auxiliary anchor.

Swivel- spar swivel joint. Fishing swivel - little brother.

Milestone— floating navigation mark. Protects dangers and indicates the sides of the fairway.

Vessel displacement- the amount of water that is displaced by the underwater part of the vessel afloat. The amount of water displaced is equal to the mass of the entire boat.

- a jet engine that uses acceleration from the ejection of water through a nozzle.

Choose- pull up, pull up the tackle.

Harbor- coastal parking of ships, protected from the wind.

Gak- hook

gulfind- For sailing ships- a course with an angle of the diametrical plane and a wind direction of 90 degrees.

latrine- toilet

Tack is the direction of the wind relative to the hull. For example, starboard tack is the wind to starboard.

Helmport- a cutout in the stern for posting the stock.

planing- a mode of motion in which the ship's hull is supported on the surface of the water only due to hydrodynamic forces, and not due to Archimedean ones. It is possible only when a certain speed is reached and on planing hull contours (very low deadrise on the transom). Launching flat pebbles with a pancake on the water is a planing option. The rock will sink when it stops, but when planing, the Archimedes forces don't work, and as long as it maintains the required speed, a flat pebble will be able to cross the Atlantic, as long as it's completely calm, of course.

Magnetic compass deviation- deviation of the compass indicators associated with the action of the ship's own magnetic field.

Deadwood- 1. Underwater parts of the ship's points from the stern and from the bow, associated with the keel. 2. Outboard motor leg housing.

sensible things- the general name of various details and small things included in the necessary and not very equipment of the vessel.

Vessel diametral plane- a vertical imaginary plane passing through the stem and stern.

Trim- the inclination of the ship's hull in the longitudinal vertical plane relative to the surface of the water.

Drek- small anchor on boats and tenders.

Drektov- anchor rope dreka.

Drifting- the drift of the boat relative to the course as a result of the influence of the winds, but without taking into account the currents.

AND

Vessel survivability- the reliability of the vessel and its ability to maintain its characteristics, even with severe damage.

Lay- 1. Fix the end, the rope. 2. Lay a turn.

AND

true course- course taking into account deviation and magnetic declination.

Bend- the bend of the river.

Cable- 185.2 m - 1/10 nautical mile.

Galley- kitchen

cavitation- shock loads arising as a result of the collapse of vapor or gas bubbles, which were formed as a result of a critical decrease in pressure and met with the boundary of the high pressure area. The result of this meeting may be blows to the edge of the propeller with a force comparable to a hammer blow. As a result, the edges of the blades are chipped, which is why this phenomenon is also called cavitation erosion.

cardinal system- a system for installing maritime navigational danger signs, in which their detour and maneuvers are closely related to the cardinal points.

Cartushka- a detail of a magnetic compass that determines the direction of the magnetic meridian.

Deadrise- a characteristic of the transverse profile of the boat hull. It is measured by a numerical characteristic on the transom and amidships - deadrise angles.

Knecht- a metal contraption for securing the mooring ends.

Stern- rear end of the vessel. Whaleboat feed is spicy. Transom - a flat cut at the stern.

Keel- the main beam of the longitudinal set of various materials, located in the diametrical plane. The keel boat may not have this device, and the deadrise will be formed by the joint of the skin sheets. Inflatable keel boats have an inflatable keelson, which, when inflated, rests on the payol on one side, and on the other side stretches the bottom fabric sheets, cut in a special way, which creates deadrise.

Keelblock- support for dry storage of the boat.

Wake- 1. The line of motion of ships in the conditions of the formation of ice. 2. Formation of ships following the same line.

Wake stream- a footprint on the water behind a moving ship.

kilson- on rigid hulls - connection of frames in the bottom area.

Kipa- a horned device on the deck or sides for the removal of sheets or springs.

Hawse- a hole in the body with a protective edging for wiring gear. For example, an anchor chain.

Knica- a triangular or diamond-shaped plate connecting the elements of the body kit.

Knop- thickening or knot at the end of the rope.

Cockpit- open space on the upper deck for crew work. For example, for fishing or sunbathing. On good yachts, the cockpit is easy to recognize by finding a folding table with a bottle of wine in it.

Coaming- waterproof threshold at the entrance to the wheelhouse or cabin.

Compass- the main navigational device.

compass heading- compass heading.

End- any non-metallic cable or line.

Fender- expendable material, softening the blows of the hull on the berth or on other vessels during mooring, withdrawal and maneuvers. Fenders are inflatable, wicker - an expensive exclusive and simply stuffed with hemp. It is not recommended to enter the marina without fenders, where very expensive yachts are moored.

Cruising speed- the most economical mode of movement of the boat. Each has its own and depends on many factors.

all round fire- circular fire.

Vessel course is the angle between northern part meridian and direction of movement.

Lavrovka- on sailing yachts - movement to the intended point against the wind, by constantly changing the course, changing the tacks.

lag- a device for measuring speed and distance traveled.

Lagom mooring - mooring side to side.

Lateral system- navigation system for installing navigation signs. Mainly used in inland waters. Uses the principle of marking the axis of the ship's passage or its right and left edges.

Leventik- for sailing yachts - the position of the bow into the wind when the sail begins to idle.

Leer- handrail or fence in the form of a stretched cable.

Likpaz- the groove into which the lyktros enters.

Location- section of navigation. Cunning navigational aids for a particular navigation area - also called a pilot.

Pilot- a person who has a sailing position, or he knows the given navigation area by heart.

Luke- hatch.

brand- termination of the end of a sheet or cable, or a mark on it for a specific purpose.

Lighthouse- lighthouse.

Midel- an imaginary line of intersection of the outer surface of the boat hull with cross section, which divides its overall length into equal parts.

sea mile- the length of the arc of the meridian of the planet Earth is 1 degree. Due to the difference in latitudes in different places on the planet, it has different meanings. The distance of 1852 meters is accepted as international value.

Bulk- contact of the hull with the berth, another vessel, occurring as a result of inertia.

Windward- located closer to the wind.

superstructure- deck closed structure from side to side.

Knights- tackle for fixing equipment. Necessary thing into a storm.

ABOUT

Observation- determination of the location by objects with known coordinates.

Overkill- an unpleasant thing, entailing an indispensable unplanned bathing.

Overstay- for sailing yachts - change of tack with the bow crossing the wind line.

fire- a loop at the end of a cable, rope. Also called fire is an insert in a loop for wear protection made of metal, leather, etc.

to win- slow down the inertia of the vessel.

Draft is the distance from the surface of the water to the lowest point of the ship.

Stability- an important factor determining the ability of a boat, brought out of equilibrium under the action of external forces, to return to its original position.

go-ahead- a method of signaling when ships diverge with the help of a person with flags or with flashlights.

back off- move away.

give away- unbind.

Pal- support for mooring. Sometimes it is also used in the meaning of a locking finger.

Payol- flooring on the bottom of the boat.

Bearing- the angle formed by the meridian line and the line passing through the observer and the observed object.

Bulkhead- a wall separating the compartments of the body.

pass sign- a bank sign indicating the place where the fairway passes from one bank to another.

Stanchion- support for the perception of vertical loads of the body.

gunwale- beam of the upper edge of the bulwark.

Podvolok- ceiling lining in the ship's room.

Valance- overhang of the stern of the vessel.

Pick up- the same as choosing.

half wind- gulffind.

Pontoon- floating structure.

Fender, halt- A beam of various materials running along the side. It acts in conjunction with the fenders, but by itself protects only our boat from bulk.

Sterndrive- type of transmission with a horizontal shaft. Despite the fact that the engine itself is located inside the hull of the boat, thanks to the use of a cardan drive, it allows the column to work like an outboard motor - to recline when it hits an obstacle and adjust the angle of attack.

Redan- there are transverse and longitudinal. A ledge, a step on the bottom of gliding high-speed boats and boats. Without dribbling deep hydrodynamics, the longitudinal redans serve to stabilize the movement and to correct the wetted surface, a kind of “wet” triangle, which is formed during the gliding mode. Transverse steppers are designed to reduce the wetted surface at high speeds. However, the use of redans of both types should be made only after rather complicated calculations. By applying redanirovanie hull without calculations of hydrodynamics and a bunch of characteristics, you can pretty much worsen driving performance ship. For each hull from reputable manufacturers, redans are used only after a series of test tests in the pool and life-size in open water, which, together with the calculation of the designers, determine their number and configuration. In the displacement mode, the redans, especially the transverse ones, play a negative role.

Reverse- reversal of the direction of action. Definition for motors. On outboard babies, up to 3.5 hp, reverse is carried out by turning the motor around its axis. On older motors - by shifting the gear lever. Essentially reverse gear.

Raid- open coastal part of the water surface. The raid is intended for mooring vessels on anchors or buoys and mooring barrels.

Reling- deck fencing in the form of racks with cables, forming a kind of bulwark.

recession- a niche in the stern for an outboard motor.

Reef- a rock in shallow water.

Reef, take a reef- for sailboats - to reduce the sail area by using special gear.

Anchor rollers- a device for facilitating the return / lifting of the anchor. Rolls can also have an anchor rope or chain stopper.

felling- a structure on the deck, leaving a passage from the sides.

Rumb- division of the compass card, a flat angle equal to 1/32 of a circle, 11.25 degrees.

Tiller- the steering lever on the baller, or on the outboard boat motor.

Locker- a closed box for personal belongings or ship's property.

Rym- a ring or half ring, most often, metal. It has a bunch of attachment points and it depends on what task a particular eyelet performs. For example, a mooring eye on the bow of a boat.

Bell- a kind of battle in the ship's bell. Recently, the bell itself has also been called the rynda, which, in general, is incorrect.

WITH

skeg — Bottom part outboard motor gearbox or angular column, feather-fin. Some yacht steering devices also have a skeg - a profile in front of the rudder blade.

slip- an inclined surface that goes into the water and is designed specifically for launching ships. On the slipway, you can also observe many funny situations that occur when boats are lowered from the trailer.

Demolition- drift of the vessel from the course under the influence of the current without taking into account the winds.

IALA system- a system of protection for navigational hazards, adopted by the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities.

Cheekbone- in addition to the human one, it also exists on the hull of the vessel, it is the steepest bend in the side in the bow of the vessel. Depending on the design and purpose, ships are round-billed and sharp-billed.

Slane— Removable bottom flooring.

Leading signs- paired signs along the banks.

stop anchor- spare anchor or auxiliary.

crew list- a detailed list of the crew and positions, the time of arrival / departure on board.

ship's passage- inland navigation routes marked on the map and navigational signs.

Gangway- portable ladder.

Rigging- a set of gear. Standing and running.

Lanyard- swivel threaded for screed.

Tombuy- a float to indicate the location of the anchor.

Registered ton- 2.83 cubic meters, 100 cubic feet.

Beam- the direction to the object, which is perpendicular to the diametrical plane of the vessel. The traverse is right and left, and the distance to the object is the traverse distance.

poison- weaken, hold. The opposite is to choose.

Trim plate- adjustable plate behind the transom, which makes it easier to enter the planing mode and reduce the running trim.

Ladder- outboard - for lifting / lowering people. Internal - a staircase for communication between rooms at different levels.

trend- the connection of the paws and the anchor spindle.

Hold- the lower space on the ship under the floorboard, deck.

Knot A nautical unit of speed equal to 1 nautical mile per hour. On inland waterways, km/h is still used.

Duck- two-horn casting, more often metal. Serves for easy fastening of cables and ropes on it.

Fal- tackle for lifting all sorts of things.

Falin- cable on the bow eye of the boat.

Bulwark- deck side plating above its level.

Fairway- a place for the safe passage of ships, having navigation signs.

jibe- for sailboats - a course coinciding with the direction of the wind.

Vordek- forward part of the deck.

Forepeak- bow compartment to the first bulkhead.

stem- bow beam of the vessel, passing into the keel.

Freeboard- freeboard.

Footstock- a pole with divisions to control the water level.

Cyclone - A large air vortex around an area of low pressure.

moorings- cable, rope for mooring.

Mooring- a set of actions related to putting the boat into the parking lot.

Mooring device-all sorts of devices to facilitate the mooring process.

sheerstrake- one of the side plating belts, thicker than the rest. Adjacent to the upper deck.

Hose- one turn of the rope.

frame- transverse part of the ship's skeleton, stiffener, part of the skeleton.

space- the distance between the frames.

Scupper- a hole for draining excess water.

Spring- mooring lines from bow to stern and vice versa.

Shturtros- a cable for connecting the steering wheel with the tiller, stock or PLA.

Yacht- Recreational vessel without tonnage limitation.

Currently, a ship is called a warship. Tankers, bulk carriers, dry cargo ships, passenger liners, container ships, icebreakers and other representatives of the technical fleet of civil or merchant fleets are not included in this category. But once, at the dawn of shipping, when humanity was still filling the white spaces on the sailing directions with the vague outlines of new islands and even continents, any sailboat was considered a ship. On board each of them were guns, and the team consisted of desperate fellows, ready to do anything for the sake of profit and romance of distant wanderings. Then, in these troubled centuries, there was a division into types of ships. The list, taking into account modern additions, would be very long, so it is worth focusing on sailboats. Well, maybe some rowboats can be added.

galleys

Getting on them is an unenviable share. Such a punishment in ancient times awaited inveterate criminals. And in Ancient Egypt, and in Finland, and in Hellas they already were. Over time, other types of ships appeared, but galleys were used until the Middle Ages. Those same convicts served as the main driving force, but they were sometimes assisted by sails, straight or triangular, mounted on two or three masts. According to modern concepts, these ships were not large, their displacement was only 30-70 tons, and the length rarely exceeded 30 meters, but in those days the size of the ships was not gigantic at all. The rowers sat in rows, according to historians, no more than three horizontal tiers. The armament of the galleys is represented by ballistae and bow rams; in later centuries, these weapons were supplemented by artillery. The move, that is, the speed of movement, was controlled by the overseers, setting the rhythm with special tambourines, and, if necessary, with a whip.

barks

So, a bark (the name of the species comes from the Flemish word "bark") is a ship with three to five masts. All of her sails are straight, with the exception of the oblique rigging of the mizzen (stern mast). Barks - the ships are quite large, for example, the Kruzenshtern has a length of about 115 meters, a width of 14 meters, a crew of 70 people. Since it was built in 1926, when steam engines were already widespread, its design also includes an auxiliary power plant with a capacity of almost one and a half thousand kilowatts, loaded at two constant steps. Even today the speed of the ship does not seem low; under sail, the speed of this barge reaches 17 knots. The purpose of the type, in general, is common for the merchant fleet of the 19th century - the delivery of mixed cargo, mail and passengers along sea lines.

The brigantine raises the sails

In fact, the same barges, but with two masts, are called brigantines. All differ in their purpose and navigable qualities. Brigantines stand out for their speed and lightness. Sailing equipment is mixed, on the fore (front mast) the sails are straight, and on the mainsail oblique. Favorite ship of pirates of all seas. Historical sources mention brigantines with the so-called "Bermuda grotto", that is, a triangular sail stretched between the lyktros and the luff, but none of the surviving representatives of the species can boast of it. However, these nuances are of interest only to specialists.

Frigates

As the fleet developed, some types of warships appeared, others disappeared, and still others took on a different meaning. A frigate is an example. This concept survived later types such as ironclads, dreadnoughts and even battleships. True, a modern frigate roughly corresponds to the Soviet concept of a large anti-submarine ship, but it sounds shorter and somehow more beautiful. In the original sense, it means a three-masted ship with one artillery deck for 20-30 guns. Since the 17th century, the adjective “Dunkirk” has been added to the word “frigate”, for a long time, meaning the predominant use in a separate zone of the maritime theater of operations adjacent to the Pas de Calais. This type was fast. Then, as the radius of autonomy increased, they began to be called simply frigates. Displacement - average for that time, approximately The most famous Russian frigate was called "Pallada", on it in 1855 a glorious expedition was undertaken to the shores East Asia under the command of Admiral E. V. Putyatin.

caravels

“She passed like a caravel ...” - is sung in a famous pop song. It is not harmful to study the types of sailing ships before writing lyrics for future hits. The compliment turned out to be somewhat ambiguous. Not every girl wants to be compared with a lifting, large and rather heavy vessel. In addition, the nose of the caravel is turned up high, which can also be seen as an undesirable hint.

However, basically this type, of course, has good seaworthiness. He is most famous for the fact that Columbus made his expedition to the shores of the New World precisely on three caravels (Santa Maria, Pinta and Nina). Outwardly, they can be distinguished by the mentioned raised tanks (bow superstructures), as well as by sailing equipment. There are three masts, with straight foresails, and the rest with latin (oblique) sails.

Appointment - distant sea and transoceanic campaigns.

From the word "caravel" morphologically comes the Russian word "ship". It gave the name to the famous French passenger airliner, very beautiful.

Clippers

For fast navigation, all types of ships are created, they are not always remembered, but there are exceptions. Someone will say the word "cruiser", and then everyone around will think something - some "Aurora", others "Varyag". As for clippers, there is only one option - “Cutty Sark”. This vessel with a long and narrow hull has gone down in history for several reasons, but its main and most important quality was its speed. It was the lot of clippers and their crews to deliver tea from China, quickly bring mail to distant colonies, and carry out especially delicate tasks for the queen. And these ships did their work until the advent of steamships, and in some cases even later.

galleons

Going through the old types of warships, one cannot help but recall the Great Armada, which competed with the British fleet in the 16th century. The main unit of this formidable force was the Spanish galleon. Not a single sailing ship of that time could compare in perfection with it. At its core, this is an improved caravel, with a reduced superstructure of the tank (that very “upturned nose” has practically disappeared) and an elongated hull. As a result, the old Spanish shipbuilders achieved increased stability, reduced wave resistance and, as a result, increased speed. Maneuverability has also improved. Other types of military ships XVI centuries looked shorter and too high next to the galleon (this was a disadvantage, it was easier to hit such a target). The outlines of the poop (stern superstructure) acquired a rectangular shape, and the crew conditions became more comfortable. It was on the galleons that the first latrines (latrines) appeared, hence the origin of the word.

The displacement of these "battleships of the 16th century" ranged from 500 to 2 thousand tons. Finally, they were very beautiful, they were decorated with skillful carvings, and the nose was crowned with a majestic sculpture.

Schooners

There are types of large ships that have become "workhorses" designed to carry a wide variety of goods. Schooners occupy a special place among them. These are multi-masted vessels, distinguished by the fact that at least two of their rigs are oblique. They are topsail, staysail, Bermuda or gaff, depending on which masts are equipped with slanting sails. In this case, it should be borne in mind that the line between a two-masted brahmsel or topsail schooner and a brigantine is very arbitrary. This type has been known since the 17th century. He reached the greatest distribution in the American merchant fleet, in particular Wolf Larsen, the character of Jack London, with his team hunts for it on a schooner. Compared to it, other types of ships are more difficult to manage (According to J. London, this process is accessible even to a lone sailor). Most often, schooners were two- and three-masted, but there are cases when the equipment was much more numerous. A peculiar record was set in 1902, when a ship with seven masts was launched (Thomas Double Lawson, Quincy shipyard).

Other types of ships

Photos of sailboats that arrived at the international regatta from all over the world are published in newspapers, magazines and on website pages. Such a parade is always an event, the beauty of these ships is incomparable with anything. Barges, brigantines, corvettes, frigates, clippers, keches, yachts represent all types of ships that, fortunately, have survived to this day. This spectacle distracts from everyday life and takes the viewer into the past centuries, full of adventures and romance of distant wanderings. A real sailor must master the art of sailing navigation, as they say in many countries, including ours. Having climbed up the shrouds, unfolded the sails and breathed in the free wind of the sea, you can take your seats at the modern control panels of dry cargo ships, bulk carrier tankers and cruise liners. You can safely trust such a sailor with the fate of the cargo and the lives of passengers, he will not let you down.

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Gak- a steel hook attached to the end of cables and chains, used to lift boats, cargo and towing.

Biscuit- cracker made from rye or wheat flour, consumed on military ships sailing fleet without bread.

Tack- the position of the vessel relative to the wind. Left G. - the wind blows to the left side, right G. - the wind blows to the starboard side.

Gandonovod- water motor on an inflatable boat.

"Blue Ribbon"- a prize in the form of a blue ribbon, established by the English shipping company "Kunar White Star Line" in the early 19th century and awarded to the fastest ship on the Europe-America line. For a long time the leader was the American passenger liner United States. With an engine power of 235,000 horsepower, she developed a speed of 37 knots and crossed the Atlantic in 82 hours and 40 minutes. After the liner was decommissioned in 1969, boats joined the fight for the record. In 1982, the 22-meter boat The Virgin Atlantic Challenger II improved the Big Yu time by 2 hours and 10 minutes. Four years later, the 33.5-meter Gentry Eagle crossed the Atlantic in 62 hours and 7 minutes. However, both of these records were not recognized. boats resorted to refueling en route. The first ship to show best time and fulfilled all the rules, it turned out to be a 73-meter catamaran "Sea Cat". In 1990, he crossed the Atlantic in 80 hours at an average speed of 37.5 knots, burning 220 tons of diesel fuel. Two years later, the "tape" was intercepted by the 67.7-meter turbine boat "Destriero", which showed average speed 53.09 knots.

Greenwich- a suburb of London, where the astronomical observatory founded in 1657 was located. By international agreement, the meridian passing through the Greenwich Observatory was taken in 1884 as the initial one in the countdown. geographic longitudes and is called the Greenwich meridian. From it is also counted universal and standard time.

Gaff- 1- A spar to which the luff of the oblique sail is laced. 2. Spars raised along the mast at an angle to carry the flag during the day on the move, and at night - gaff lights.

hydroacoustic log- absolute log, working on the principle of an echo sounder. Provides sufficient accuracy at depths not exceeding 300 meters. There are Doppler and correlation hydroacoustic lags. The action of Doppler hydroacoustic lags is based on measuring the frequency of the received signal caused by the movement of the vessel relative to the bottom, correlation lags - on comparing the bottom topography record obtained by two receivers (with one emitter) located under the bottom in the diametrical plane at some distance from each other. The speed is determined by the time between obtaining similar relief records.

Hydrodynamic log- relative lag, the action of which is based on taking into account the magnitude of the velocity head of the oncoming water flow. In the simplest case, it consists of two tubes brought out under the bottom of the vessel. The opening of one of them is directed to the bow of the vessel, and the other is flush with the lining. The speed of the vessel is determined by the difference in the heights of the water columns in the tubes. At speeds over 5 km/h and waves less than 7 points, it can provide measurements with an error of up to 1 km/h.

hydraulic drive- a power drive of any mechanisms, consisting of a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor (hydraulic cylinder), interconnected by pipelines for supplying a working fluid (oil). On small boats it is used to drive the rudder, winches and propeller.

Geek- a horizontal spar attached to the mast at a small height above the deck and facing the free end to the stern of the vessel. The luff of the oblique sail is laced to the boom.

Gitz- small hoists, the movable block of which is tied into some kind of fall.

Gitovs- running rigging gear, used for cleaning straight pairs and trisels. Gits of direct sails pull clew to the yard; gl1 sails. Trisail gits pull the sail to the gaff and mast.

Gorden- tackle, passing through a fixed single-pulley-II block.

Grotto- I. A straight sail, the lowest on the second mast of the bow of the mainmast), tied to the mainsail. 2. A word added to the names of peea. sails and rigging above the main mast.

Grotto-nachta- the second mast from the bow of the ship.

sensible things- the general name of some parts included in the ship's equipment. TO practical things include fairleads, cleats, bale planks, doors, hatches, coamings, lifelines, portholes, scuppers, bollards, ladders, etc.

Diametral plane- an imaginary vertical plane passing through the stern and stem of the vessel

Vessel trim- the inclination of the ship in the longitudinal vertical plane relative to the surface of the water. Accordingly, there is D. on the stern and D. on the bow.

Dmrik-fal- tackle of running rigging, which serves to lift the gaff to the end of the claim.

Heaver- a tool for rigging and sailing, represented by a small cylindrical piece of wood with pointed youths. It is used as a lever when tearing out the ends.

Dryrep- tackle for lifting the mars-swarm.

Drektov- anchor rope of a chain anchor (drake).

Bend- a bend in the riverbed.

Induction log- relative lag, the principle of operation of which is based on the occurrence of an additional EMF during the movement of the vessel in the circuit (of which sea water is a part), located in a magnetic field created by a special solenoid when an alternating electric current is passed through it.

cavitation- the formation of cavities (bubbles) in a liquid filled with gas, steam or a mixture thereof as a result of a local decrease in pressure below a critical value. Once in a high-pressure area, the bubbles burst, generating shock loads from which the surfaces of propellers, pump impeller blades, hydrofoils, etc. are destroyed, which reduces their service life, and also reduces the efficiency of the installation.

boat- the general name of small craft with a stationary engine and a displacement of not more than 40 tons.

Cardinal system - a system for placing navigational signs indicating the extremities of navigational hazards on the cardinal points. It is used exclusively on sea waterways.

Deadrise - characteristic of the transverse profile of the vessel. It has a numerical value - deadrise angle (deadrise) - see fig. The ship's hull is usually characterized by two deadrise angles - amidships and transom. With a low deadrise, the vessels have a smaller draft and a lower roll during circulation, however, they have a sufficiently high yaw rate (therefore, planing vessels have a large deadrise angle on the transom) and large shock loads on the hull when moving on a wave. With a large deadrise, the vessels have low stability when stationary and at low speed, as well as slightly greater hydrodynamic resistance at low speed. Vessels with a deadrise angle of less than 10 degrees are called flat-bottomed, from 10 to 15 - moderate deadrise, from 15 to 20 - strongly deadrise, more than 20 - "deep V". In practice, ships with a deadrise angle of more than 26 degrees are rarely encountered.

Knecht - a metal structure designed to secure mooring ends on it. Installed on the pier or on the ship.

Feed - rear end of the ship. A flat cut of the stern is called a transom. Spicy food is called whaleboat.

Fender- an object softening the blows of the ship's hull against the berth or another ship is located on the outer surface of the side. As K. often use old car tires.

Cruising speed- the conditional name of the most economical speed of the vessel.

all round fire- a fire illuminating a continuous arc of the horizon in 360 degrees.

lag- a navigational instrument for measuring the speed of a vessel and the distance traveled by it. There are relative lags (measure the speed relative to the water) and absolute (relative to the bottom).

Lateral system- a system of placement of navigation marks, indicating the left and right edges of the ship's passage or its axis. On the right edge of the ship's passage, signs painted in red are installed, on the left - signs painted in white (on rivers) or black (on reservoirs and lakes) color. The axis of the ship's passage is indicated by alignments - paired signs installed on the shore, which set a straight line that coincides with the axis of the ship's passage at a certain segment. In some cases, the alignments also indicate the boundaries of the ship's passage. HP predominantly used on inland waterways.

Leer- a stretched cable used as a handrail.

small boat- a vessel, the length of which is less than 7 m, and a rowing vessel - regardless of size (PVVP).

Midel- the line of intersection of the ship's hull and an imaginary vertical plane that runs along the middle of the ship's length and is perpendicular to the centreline.

seaward- an expression indicating that a ship or floating object is further from the coast than anyone else. For example, the phrase "let's go seaward" means let's go farther from the coast in the open sea.

sea mile- a unit for measuring distances at sea, equal to the length of the arc of the earth's meridian in 1`. In different countries, the mile is defined at different latitudes, so it has different values. In Russia, the nautical mile is taken in latitude 44 degrees 30 minutes and is 1852 meters, in the UK and Japan - 1853.18 meters, in Italy - 1851.85 meters. An international nautical mile is 1852 meters.

Motor resource- operating time of the engine or other mechanism before their overhaul. Measured in hours of work.

Powerboat- a small boat with an outboard motor.

Freeboard - part of the side above the waterline.

Draft(draft, draft) - the distance from the surface of the water to the lowest point of the ship's hull.

Vessel stability- the ability of a ship, taken out of equilibrium by external forces, to return to its original position again after the termination of these forces. In the theory of ships, a distinction is made between static stability and dynamic stability. The measure of stability is the metacentric height.

Drying- part of the coast or shoal, exposed during low tide or water surge under the influence of wind.

go-ahead - a method of signaling used to coordinate the sides of the passing of ships. The go-ahead is given from the side of the divergence, during the day - with a white flag or a white pulsed flash fire, at night with a flashing white light. The light signal is located above the side lights and consists of a pair of lights from each side, which illuminate the horizon arc at 112.5 degrees from the beam.

Payol- easily removable floor covering the bottom of the vessel.

pass sign(pillar) - a coastal sign of the navigable situation, having the form of a pillar with a shield. It is installed on both banks of rivers in places where the ship's passage (fairway) goes from one bank to another.

Stanchion- a vertical post, which is an element of hull structures, is designed to absorb and transmit vertical loads. It is installed between decks, based on such elements of the set as carlings, frames, stringers.

Plaza- a place for breaking down the theoretical drawing of the ship in full size, according to which templates for outer plating sheets and templates for set parts are made. In amateur shipbuilding, it is a flat floor (or even a wall!) of a garage, hangar, gym, lined with sheets of thick cardboard, plywood or hardboard.

Swivel nozzle- a massive ring fixed on the baller instead of the rudder. In addition to improving the controllability of the vessel at low speed, it increases the propeller thrust.

Sterndrive(stern drive) - transmission with a horizontal shaft crossing the transom. Structurally, it is a mechanism located behind the transom, which allows the axis of rotation of the screw to move in two planes: horizontally - to control the vessel and vertically - to adjust the angle of inclination of the axis of rotation relative to the surface of the water, as well as to recline when hitting an obstacle, similarly to an outboard motor.

Outboard motor(outboard motor) - First appeared around the beginning of the century. It is currently produced by several companies under various brand names. The most famous brands are: Evinrude/Johnson (USA), Honda (Japan), Mariner/Mercury (USA), Mitsubishi (Japan), Nissan (Japan), Selva ( Italy), Ruggerini ( Italy), Suzuki (Japan), Tohatsu (Japan), Yamaha (Japan), Yanmar (Japan). Power range from 2 to 250hp The most widely used gasoline two-stroke engines. Recently, however, with the introduction of new environmental regulations, four-stroke engines are being produced more and more. In addition to the best environmental performance, they are characterized by lower fuel consumption, low noise and vibration levels. The cost of four-stroke engines is 30-50 percent higher. Two manufacturers (Ruggerini and Yanmar) produce diesel engines.

Redan - ledge on the bottom of the hull of high-speed vessels. Reduces the area of contact of the bottom with water when driving at high speeds.

Rym- a metal ring. Depending on the place of attachment, it is intended for mooring ships, performing rigging work.

Bell- a special battle in the ship's bell. Most often, however, the ship's bell itself is called the bell, which inveterate Moremans consider wrong.

IALA system- a unified system for the protection of navigational hazards by floating warning signs, adopted in November 1980 by the conference of the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA). Warning signs are divided into system "A" (red buoy or light on the left) and system "B" (red buoy or light on the right). The IALA system includes five types of signs: lateral, cardinal, signs for the protection of individual hazards, signs for designating the starting points and axes of fairways (channels) and the middle of the passage (axial or signs clean water). In addition, the system provides for special purpose signs.

Breast- the place of the steepest bend of the side, passing into the bottom. Depending on the shape of the cheekbones, ships are divided into ships with round chine lines (see the figure above) and ships with sharp chine lines (see the figure below). Round bilge vessels have an easier course (due to a smaller wetted surface), increased hull strength (due to the absence of stress concentration points). Sharp-chinned vessels are considered to be faster, have increased stability when stationary and at low speed, and allow better use of the internal volume of the hull. Sharp-cheeked contours are also more suitable for self-construction, since they have a simpler surface that unfolds onto a plane.

Slane- removable bottom flooring on a boat, boat, etc.

satellite navigation system- GPS (global positioning system) - the general name of systems that allow obtaining accurate coordinates of a place by processing signals from special artificial Earth satellites. So-called GPS receivers have recently gained popularity among small boat owners. Outwardly, they look like a small radio station with an antenna, weighing 300-800 g. Depending on the model, GPS receivers continuously process signals from 8-12 satellites and display coordinates on the LCD screen with an accuracy of 30-50 meters. As a rule, all models of GPS receivers are capable of calculating and continuously displaying the speed of the vessel, storing up to several hundred waypoints, and then indicating the direction of movement to each of them. No special authorization is required to purchase these receivers. In Moscow stores, the simplest models can be bought for 220-280 USD.

ship's passage - body of water on an inland navigation route intended for the movement of ships and indicated on the terrain and on the map.

Tombuy- a float that serves to indicate the location of the given anchor. Connected by a buoy to an anchor.

Registered ton- 1 register ton corresponds to 2.83 cubic meters (100 cubic feet).

Beam- direction to any object, perpendicular to the course of the vessel (diametrical plane). Depending on the location of the object from the vessel (from the starboard or port side), the right and left traverses are distinguished. The distance from the vessel to the object at the traverse distance is called the traverse distance.

Trim plate- a horizontal plate mounted on the transom to facilitate planing and reduce the running trim. Usually it has the ability to adjust the angle of inclination relative to the transom, which allows you to achieve the most favorable sailing mode for various loading options for the boat or boat.

corner column(S-drive, sail drive) - a transmission with a vertical shaft crossing the bottom of the vessel. In rare cases, it has mobility in the horizontal plane to control the vessel.

Knot- non-systemic unit of speed, corresponding to 1 nautical mile per hour (1.852 km/h).

Thrust bearing- a bearing that perceives and transmits to the ship's hull the axial stop of the propeller on the forward and rearward strokes. In marine engines of small power, as a rule, it is built into the gearbox housing. Absolutely necessary for automotive and tractor engines installed on ships, the crankshaft bearings of which are not designed to take the load from the propeller. Conventional angular bearings are capable of absorbing an axial load equal to 20-25 percent of their radial load capacity. If the propeller stop exceeds this value, angular contact, spherical or tapered bearings must be used. According to the recommendations of the River Register, the thrust bearing must absorb an axial force [H] that is 10 times the engine power in horsepower.

Duck- a special two-horned casting or forging, fixed on the bulwark or in another place of the vessel and serving for attaching cables to it.

Bulwark- a light belt of side plating, towering above the upper deck. Serves to protect the deck and protect it from flooding.

False keel- 1) boards, beams or metal strips sewn to the keel of the vessel to protect it from damage when it touches the ground. 2) A heavy lead or cast iron ballast keel on yachts that prevents them from listing and capsizing.

Fiord- a narrow, deep, branched bay (bay) with high rocky shores.

Forepeak- bow compartment of the vessel from the stem to the first (ram) bulkhead.

stem- a wooden or metal beam in the bow of the ship, on which the outer skin of the bow of the hull is fixed and which in the lower part passes into the keel.

Fofan- a type of rowboat.

Freeboard- ship's freeboard.

Futoks- part of the composite frames of wooden ships. The upper futox is called toptimbers, the lower one is called flortimbers.

Footstock- a pole or rail with divisions for measuring depth or monitoring the water level in the sea, lake, river.

Ship's center of gravity- the point of application of the resultant forces of gravity acting on all elements of the ship.

moorings- cable (chain) for mooring.

sheerstrake- side plating belt adjacent to the upper deck of the ship. It is one of the main longitudinal ties and is made thicker than the rest of the sheathing belts.

Shkimushgar- thin (no more than 25 mm) tarred line. Used in rigging.

Hose- one turn of the cable around something.

frame- stiffener of the outer skin of the ship's hull, located in the transverse plane.

space- the distance between two adjacent frames.

Scupper- a hole for water drainage in the bulwark or waterway.

Shturtros- a cable connecting the steering wheel with the tiller.

Suga- small pieces of loose ice and clods of snow that appear in the water before freezing.

Kabolka- the thinnest component of a vegetable cable? twisted from the fibers of hemp, agave or other plants.

Kalyshka- a loop on the cable, made by its running or root end so that the cable crosses with itself, or formed by excessive twisting of the cable.

toggle- 1. A cone-shaped piece of hard wood inserted into a yul. so that the last ns is tightened - 2, A small wooden block of a cylindrical shape with a round recess (bale) in the middle - Down-turned to connect the flags with the halyards on which they are raised.

Klsten- a layer of shkimushgar, a thin line or wire, overlaid around the cable against its descent with the help of a semi-mushkel.

Service- a special type of rigging work, consisting in the pedal; on a truncated and pitched cable, put the cage along the [cable of the cable] so that each of its hoses overlaps the next. Having covered the entire cable with a rope and strengthening its ends, they begin to lay the cage (shkimushgar. a thin line or wire) around the cable against its descent with the help of a half-mushkel.

Jib- oblique triangular sail, which is placed ahead of the "ok-mast.

Knechts- paired metal pedestals cast together with the base-"l-plate. Kkelts are installed on the deck in the fore and aft parts and along the sides of the drone. They serve to secure the cables during mooring.

Knop- a knot in the form of a thickening at the end of the cable to hold or fasten its root end.

Peg (*leg of lamb*)- kind of node for shortening snash.

Koush- a metal ring with a groove of appropriate thickness on the outer surface for the cable,

K Ophel Nagel- a wooden or metal rod with a handle at the upper end, inserted into the socket of the coffee bar for wrapping running rigging gear on it,

K ofsl-plank- a wooden or metal beam with holes for a hofel-nagel I. attached horizontally on the deck at the masts and at the inside of the side;

Grommet- a ring twisted from strands of cable. Krengels replace slings, are embedded in the luffs of the sails for pulling in spruits, are superimposed on the bram-strings under the sconce m-rigging-Kubrick - 1. Living quarters for the team, 2- The name of one of the decks of the sailing warship on which the team lived.

lightness- 1. A small bag, woven from a cord, the size of a fist, filled with sand. Serves as a load at the throwing end for its supply. 2. In the merchant marine, this term refers to the throwing line.

Leer- a metal rod or a tightly stretched vegetable or steel cable. used for tying sails, pulling awnings, drying clothes, etc. Handrails are also called ropes fixed on racks that replace the bulwark of a ship, and ropes pulled to prevent people from falling and overboard during a storm.

linek- a short rope about a finger thick, with a knot at the end. which was used to punish sailors.

Tench- a thin vegetable cable with a diameter of 3.8 to! 1.2 mm, twisted from heels. Braided lines are used for sishal halyards and for laglins.

Liseli- additional sails c. the shape of trapezoids, which were placed on the outer sides of direct sails on fox-spirits-

Lisel-reek- slats to which the fox is laced.

Lisel alcohols- thin spar trees on the foca- and grotto-yards and on the fore- and main-mars-yards, used for setting foxes.

Lapp- rope. based between blocks or lufers.

Lot- a device for measuring depths - According to the principle of the device, the lots are divided into manual, mechanical and echo sounders.

Lotlin- a line or cable to which the load (weight) of the lot is attached.

lueyers- a round, threaded or finished with a copper ring hole in a sail, awning, etc.

AUTONOMY Duration of sailing without resupply.

AZIMUT (celestial navigation) is the angle between the northern part of the observer's true meridian plane and the star's vertical.

WATER AREA is a section of the water surface.

ANKEROK a barrel without a tap for fresh water. Inside, a glass is suspended from the cork

ANTICYCLONE A region of high atmospheric pressure with air moving around its center clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (against in the Southern Hemisphere).

APSEL mizzen staysail on two-masted yachts (keechs, iols).

ARMOCEMENT (ferocement) is a type of reinforced concrete with a high degree reinforcement, structural material for the construction of yachts and ships.

OUTRIGER 1. Side float on proa-type ships. 2. A shot of a semi-rail with a hinged heel at the mast, to remove the braces from the guys. (see shot).

AHTERPEAK is the extreme aft, non-residential compartment of the yacht.

WATERSTAG standing rigging tackle that unfastens the mast from the top to the stern

Aft stern element of the longitudinal set of the hull of the yacht, vertically or inclined attached to the keel

BUTTERFLY - a way of carrying sails on yachts with oblique sailing rigging, when at full courses the bow sails are carried to the opposite side, in relation to the stern sails, to increase speed and stability on the yacht's course.

TANK - a superstructure in the bow of the yacht. Often the bow of the deck is called the tank (see foredeck).

BAKAN (BAKEN) - a floating sign of the navigational situation, anchored at the border of the fairway or ship's passage, mainly on rivers.

BAKS - a piece of wood that connects the keel to the stem.

BACKSTAGE - 1. Heading when the angle between the yacht's DP and the direction of the wind line is more than 90 * and less than 180 *; 2. Tackle standing rigging, unfastening the mast to the side and aft; 3. For bowsprit see 180* water stays.

BAKSHTOV - a cable released behind the stern of an anchored vessel to secure (take on bakshtov) another vessel.

BALAST - cargo placed inside or outside the yacht's hull to provide the necessary

BALLAST - cargo placed inside or outside the hull of the yacht to provide the necessary draft and stability. They are divided into liquid (fuel, water) and solid (placed in a housing, poured into a false keel, etc.).

BALLER - a design with an axis of rotation or a shaft rigidly connected at the bottom with a rudder blade, and at the top with a tiller.

BALUN - front, additional, fully tailored sail for light winds on full courses. Sails of a similar purpose - bending, drifter, reacher.

BALUSTER - a step in the form of a chiseled lath.

BANK - 1. A seat on small deckless boats, which simultaneously serves to strut the sides; 2. Separately located aground of limited size.

BANT - canvas sash, sewn onto the sail in order to reinforce it in the places where the reef eyelets are punched.

BAR - 1. Unit of pressure. 2. Shaft-like alluvial shallow in coastal areas.

BARBARA - additional clew of the staysey to the deck.

BARKHOOT - a thickened belt of outer skin in the area of the waterline.

RUNNING RIGGING - gear that serves to set up a movable spars and sails, as well as to control them.

BEIDEWIND - a course when the angle between the center line of the yacht and the direction of the wind is less than 90 *. Close-hauled - if the angle is less than 45 *, full-length is more than 60 *.

BEIFOOTH - 1. A ring made of a cable or iron sheathed in leather for attaching a yard or hafel to a mast or topmast; 2. A simple rax yoke if the boom (hafel) has a mustache.

BENZEL - ligation of two thick cables with a line or cable.

BERMUDA SAIL - rectangular, triangular, oblique oblique sail, has high aerodynamic characteristics, allows the yacht to go in badewind.

HARBOR - a suspended seat (board) for lifting a person onto a mast or for working overboard a yacht.

MIZAN - the lower oblique sail on the mizzen mast.

MIZAN-MAST-to the aft mast on multi-masted sailboats, as well as on two-masted yachts, if it is lower than the front one (on the iol, keech).

BEMS - underdeck beam of the transverse set of the yacht's hull.

BITENG - a metal pedestal on the deck of a cruising yacht for attaching cables.

BLIND - a straight sail, placed on old sailboats under a bowsprit.

BLINDOUS - spacer pole for deflecting backstays.

BLOCK - a pulley with a fixed axis and a groove around the circumference to change the direction of the cable, chain.

BLOOPER (BIGBOY) - auxiliary, oblique, flying, pot-bellied "sail, raised from the leeward from the spinnaker.

BOKANTS - small shots on the tank for taking out the fore-tacks or shots on BOKANTS - small shots on the tank for taking out the fore-tacks into the wind or on the poop to divert and save from chafing against the hull and rigging of the braces.

BON - fixed in place (to the shore, at anchor, behind the fires) floating, lightly submerged structure with flooring, designed for mooring small boats or other special purposes (barrage, crossing, etc.).

BORA - a strong, gusty, cold wind blowing from the slopes of the mountains near the sea.

BORG - standing rigging tackle, on which the lower rail hangs.

BOARDSAILING - sailing on a board (windsurfing, windglider, etc.).

BOARD - side wall (side) of the hull of the yacht from the stem to the stern.

BOARD LIGHTS - ship navigation lights indicating the side of the vessel (right - green, left - red).

BOAT - reinforcing, vertical, oblique or sectoral overlay on a sail made of canvas or tape in places of special loads, chafing, punching (sewing) of eyelets, crengels, gats.

BRAM-STANDING - a spar tree that serves as a continuation of the topstand.

BRANDER-SHIELD - a vertical shield covering the main entrance to the yacht's cabin.

BRAS - running rigging tackle, fixed on the tip of a spinnaker boom or yardarm and serving to turn them in a horizontal plane and hold them at the desired angle.

WINDLASS - a deck mechanism with a horizontal axis of rotation, designed to lift the anchor and select cables when mooring.

BRESHTUK - a connection connecting the cleats with the stem or sternpost.

BRIDEL- anchor chain (cable), attached by the root end to a dead anchor on the ground, and by the running end - to the raid mooring barrel (buoy, floating pier, boom, etc.).

BREEZE - wind in coastal areas, which changes its direction during the day under the influence of temperature differences between land and water surfaces (during the day - from sea to land, at night - from land to sea).

BRIFOK - a quadrangular sail with a free luff, raised on the front mast on a brief yard. Unlike the fock, the brief is not tied to the yard.

THROWING END - a light cable with a load (lightness) at the end. With its help, mooring lines are supplied.

Broaching is a phenomenon of complete loss of control in tailwinds, when the yacht falls sharply over the cheekbone, and the rudder comes out of the water.

BRUKANETS - a protective umbrella made of waterproof fabric around the mast in the area of \u200b\u200bpartners, preventing water from entering the yacht's hull.

Yoke - an iron hoop worn on the spars to strengthen it or connect its components.

BUER - 1. A small (up to 20 m), flat-bottomed, single-masted Dutch coastal vessel with a sprint or gaff armament and shverts.m and shverts. 2. Sailing yacht on skates for sliding on ice, snow crust.

BUOY - 1. A floating sign of a navigational situation, standing at a dead anchor. Usually used for fencing dangerous places, as well as to indicate the axes, sides, and rotations of the recommended headlights. 2. Buoyancy connected through a buoy with a dead anchor. Used for mooring yachts.

BUIREP - 1. A cable connecting a buoy with a dead anchor. 2. Rope with buoyancy on the surface and root end on the trend of the anchor, to indicate where the anchor is released and, if necessary, to facilitate its release from the ground.

TOWING - traction of one vessel (towed) by another vessel (tug) with the help of a towing cable (tug), or by pushing, or by lag (towing a vessel moored side to the tug).

TOWING LIGHT - yellow light at the stern of the towing vessel.

BULBOKIL - a design of a fin yacht keel with a heavy streamlined ballast (bulb) attached to the lower edge.

BOWLINE - 1. A thin cable (line) inside the leech of an oblique sail, which serves to adjust the profile of the sail. 2. Tackle for carrying forward the windward, side luff of a straight sail.

BAY - a small bay separated from the sea by capes or islands.

BAY OF THE ROPE - 1. A cable or tackle, rolled up in circles or eights. 2. Packing a new cable in the form of a hollow cylinder.

BOWSPRIT - a horizontal or inclined spar tree protruding forward from the bow of the yacht and serving to carry out the stays and tacks of the jibs.

BULL-PROUD- see Gorden.

SHUTTERS - gear of standing rigging, unfastening the mast from the sides. The lower ends of the shrouds are attached to the lanyards (yufers), through which the loads are transferred to the shrouds (special fittings, deck fittings) fastened to the hull set.

WATER-BACKSTAGES - tackle that fastens the bowsprit to the sides of the yacht.

WATERWAYS - 1. Thick, wooden bars running along the sides of the yacht and forming part of the deck flooring. 2. Water flow on the open deck along the sides.

WATER-WOOLING - fastening of a bowsprit with a water cutter (cable, chain, etc.).

WATERLINE - 1. The line of contact of the water surface with the yacht's hull and separating - WATERLINE - 1. The line of contact of the water surface with the yacht's hull, dividing the board into surface and underwater. 2. The curve of the theoretical drawing of the ship's hull, formed by the intersection of the surface of the hull with a horizontal plane.

WATER STAGE - standing rigging tackle that unfastens the bowsprit downwards (stem).

WATCH SERVICE (WATCH) - the main type of duty on ships, ensuring their navigation, safety and survivability. All information about the operation of the vessel, the operation of its mechanisms, changes in personnel, etc. are entered in the log book.

VELPS - ribs on the drum of the spire (windlass), preventing the cable from slipping.

ANCHOR SPINDLE - the longitudinal rod of the anchor.

VERP - auxiliary, imported anchor on a ship.

VERPOVING - movement by pulling up to the verp, which is brought to the right place on the boat.

VERTICAL (luminaries) - a large circle on the celestial sphere, passing through the zenith, nadir, and the luminary.

SWIVEL - 1. Kreugovy hinge. 2. Screw clamping mechanism (see lanyard).

VEHA - a floating sign of the navigation situation, designed to protect hazards and indicate the sides of the fairway. It consists of a pole on a sprit-buoy and a golik or other top figure.

CAPTURE OF REEFS - Reduction of the sail area for oblique sails - by tying the lower part with reefs or winding it on a boom, and for straight sails - by tying the upper part of the sail to the yard.

WINDGLIDER, WINDSURFING - see boardsailing.

WINDZAYLE - a rotary, obliquely cut ventilation pipe on the deck.

WATER CUTTER - the front part of the stem, protecting it from damage.

ARMAMENT OF A SAILING SHIP - a set of sails, spars, rigging, deck mechanisms and practical things intended for setting, cleaning and managing sails. There are two main types of sailing armament: oblique - with sails parallel to the diametrical plane (DP) of the hull e and straight - with sails on the yards, perpendicular to the vessel's DP.

RESTORATION OF THE dinghy (CATAMARAN) - lifting the dinghy (catamaran) to an even keel when it lay sails on the water or made an overkill turn.

VULING- 1. Rope hoses laid close, next to each other on a single-pole mast to strengthen it. 2. See water-wooling.

CHOOSE - pull up the tackle (cable), ensuring its tension. The opposite action is to poison.

Vyblenka - 1. A step from a cable on guys. 2. A faded sea knot.

VYMBOVKA - a wooden lever for manually rotating the spire.

VIPING - wave vibration, unsteady elastic vibrations of the hull, caused by the impact of the bottom and sides of the water - slamming and water flow onto the deck.

LIGHT HEIGHT - the angle between the plane of the true horizon and the direction to the star.

SHOT - a spar tree resting against another spar tree, board or hull structure for the removal of gear or rigging. See also - outrigger.

HARBOR - coastal part of the water surface protected from waves, intended for parking of ships.

HAK - a hook used to lift or secure a load.

GAKABORT - the upper part of the stern or aft superstructure, from the shell to the gunwale. For mooring ships.

HAK - a hook used to lift or secure a load

GAKABORT - the upper part of the stern or aft superstructure (ute) of the vessel from the shell to the gunwale.

SHAFT LIGHT - towing light (yellow) ё, exhibited at the stern of the towing vessel.

GALS-1. The course of the yacht relative to the wind without taking into account the angle to the wind. There are right and left tacks, by the name of the board, into which the wind blows. 2. Tackle, e waist, with the help of which the lower, windward corner of the sail is held - tack.

GALFWIND - course relative to the wind when the angle between the yacht's DP and the wind direction is 90 * (half a wind).

WC - 1. Toilet on the yacht. 2. A platform above the water cut that served as a latrine on old sailing ships.

GALYUNNY FIGURE - bow decoration (sculpture) on sailboats.

HANDICAP is a factor or value measured in seconds used to compare results shown in races by boats with different racing scores.

GARDEL - running rigging tackle for lifting the lower yards and gaffs.

GAT - a hole in the sail, spar or hull structure for wiring gear, placing pulleys, etc.

GAFEL - an inclined spar tree that rises up the mast and rests against it with its heel. The gaff is used to stretch the upper luff of oblique quadrangular sails along it, as well as to fasten the clew corners of the topsails. The sails hoisted on the hafel are called hafel, and the rigging of the ship with such sails is called gaff rigging.

HELMPORT - a cutout in the lower part of the stern or stern of the vessel for wiring the rudder stock. A (watertight) helmport pipe is usually installed above the helmport, in which the rudder stock is hung.

GENOA - a large, wide staysail with a clew that extends beyond the mast of the yacht.

GIK - a horizontal spar tree, resting with its heel into the mast through a swivel (for sails - aft of the mast). It serves to stretch the luff of the oblique porus and bears its name (grotto-gikyo, mizzen-geek, etc.). It is equipped with: boom-shkotomyo, topenantome, gikayo guy, blockage-hoists. To stretch the luff, the boom is equipped with a sheet (main sheet, mizzen sheet, etc.) e, and for taking reefs - pendants and reef hoists. Special equipment for a boom with a patent reef. The boom for the front sails (staysail boom, jib boom) rests through a swivel on a fitting at its stay. See also spinnaker boom.

GINITALs with increased block sizes, number of pulleys and thickness of falls. Giniyo have at least two 3-sheave or 2- and 3-sheave blocks.

GITOVY - running rigging gear for pulling the clew corners of a straight sail or the luff of an oblique sail to the hafel and the mast to the yard when it is cleaned.

VERB-GAK - a folding gakyo held in position by a special chain link.

PLANING - the mode of movement of the yacht, in which, under the influence of the dynamic forces of water, its landing changes - the bow rises and the stern settles, while increasing the speed (the vessel goes on gliding).

SHUT - move the boat forward with the help of special helical movements of the stern oar.

GONG - a metal device in the form of a plate for giving sound signals.

GOLIK - wicker top figure on the milestone.

RACES - competitions of yachts. They are divided into class races - for yachts of the same class (or with equal racing scores) and gadicap races - with different races. points.

RACING YACHTS - sailing yachts designed for racing. They are divided into yachts of international, Olympic and national classes.

RACING POINT - a value expressed in meters or feet and indicating the speed potential - racing power "of the yacht. It is obtained as a result of measuring the hull, sails and calculation according to special formulas.

GORDEN - 1. lifting device consisting of a fixed single-pulley block and a cable (pendant) passed through it. 2. Tackle of running rigging for pulling the luff of a direct sail to the yard. Pride, pulling up the sail by the middle of the luff, is called the bull-pride.

GREP - the lower part of the water cutter.

GROTTO- oblique sail hoisted on the mainmast (stern) of a fore-rigged yacht, or straight, the lowest sail on the mainmast of a forward-rigged yacht.

MAINSMASHTA - the second from the bow and subsequent, except for the stern, masts on a multi-masted sailing vessel; middle mast on a three-masted vessel; higher or second, with equal height. on a two-masted ship; machtayo if she is alone.

GROTA-SHKOT - tackle, stretching the lower luff of the grotto along the boom.

GRUNTOV - a piece of cable, fastening on a camping boat on sloop-beams.

VISIBILITY RANGE - the maximum distance at which you can see an object in the sea. There are geometric, optical and meteorological visibility ranges.

DEVIATION - (for a magnetic compass) deviation of the sensitive element (magnetic arrow, card) of the compass from the direction of the magnetic meridian under the influence of the vessel's own magnetic field.

DEADWOOD - the underwater part of the stern or bow points of the vessel at the junction of the keel with the stern or stem. On yachts it is densely filled with wood, plastic, cement, cisterns, etc.

PARTICULAR THINGS - the general name of some removable items of equipment on the yacht (windows, doors, gangways, lifelines, brackets, blocks, etc.).

DINGI - a type of single racing dinghy (crew - 1 person).

DP - diametral plane (yachts).

DIRIK-FAL - running rigging tackle for lifting and holding the gaff at an angle.

TRIM - the inclination of the vessel in the longitudinal plane.

BOTTOM - deep, underwater part of the ship's hull plating.

GETTING - see choosing.

DREK - boat anchor.

DREKTOV - anchor rope of a boat anchor.

DRIFT - the drift of a moving yacht from the line of its course under the influence of the wind, without taking into account the current. Drift is measured by the drift angle between the wake (track) and the boat's DP.

ZHVAKA-GALS - a special device or attachment point for the root end of the anchor rope (chain) on the ship.

SURVIVABILITY - the ability of the vessel to maintain its operational and seaworthiness. It is provided with unsinkability, fire safety, reliability of technical means and preparedness of the crew.

ZAVAL-TALI - tackle for holding the boom, preventing its spontaneous transfer to the other side on a full course.

LAY- 1. Fix the end, the cable. 2. Lay a tack (slang) - a long movement on one tack.

ZENIT - on the vertical, the point of intersection of the perpendicular through the observer to the horizon plane.

SIGNS OF THE NAVIGATIONAL SITUATION - landmarks and structures that serve to ensure the safety of navigation of ships (lighthouses, leading signs, buoys, buoys, milestones).

PORTHOLE - a glazed opening in the side, superstructure, upper deck of the yacht.

IOL - type of armament two-mast sailing yacht with a mizzen mast behind the steering gear.

TRUE COURSE - course yachts taking into account magnetic declination and deviation.

CABLES - a distance of 1/10 of a nautical mile (= 185.2 m).

KABOLKA - the original, integral part of the plant cable, twisted from plant fiber.

KALYSHKA (kenga) - an accidental curl or twist of the cable, preventing its free passage through the pulley of the block, clewse, etc.

GALLEY - a kitchen on a yacht.

KANINKHEM - soft, tacked sails of Bermuda cut (mainsail, mizzen).

CARRIAGE - a rearranged or movable device on the pursuit for transferring the direction of the thrust of the boom-sheet.

CARTUSHKA - a sensitive element of a magnetic compass that determines the direction of the magnetic meridian.

KATali or pendant for lifting the anchor on board, usually through a cat-beam.

KAT-BALKA - a shot on the foredeck to lift the anchor on board.

CATAMARAN - a yacht with two parallel hulls connected on decks. Possesses the increased cross stability.

POWING - vibrations of the yacht under the influence of waves, divided into longitudinal (keel) and transverse (side).

CABIN - yacht accommodation.

KECH - a type of armament of a two-masted sailing yacht with a mizzen mast in front of the steering gear.

KEELING - 1. Artificial inclination of the yacht until the keel is exposed in the parking lot (for cleaning the hull, repairs, etc.) 2. Pulling the offending sailor at the end under the keel of the vessel.

KEEL - the main beam of the longitudinal set, lying in the ship's DP.

KILBLOK - an element of the support device for setting the yacht on land.

KILVATER - a system of ships going in one line one after another.

WAKE STREAM - a trace on the surface of the water behind a sailing yacht.

KILSON - (floor-timbers) longitudinal connection of the bottom part of the frames.

KIPA - a diversion device on the deck for guiding the sheet of the front sail (staysail) to the winch, duck.

KIPOVAYA PLANK - a device for changing the direction of gear and preventing their breaks.

CLAMP - a stopper in the form of an overlay on a spar tree, preventing slippage of the tackle covering this tree.

KLEVANT - a cylindrical wooden block for attaching signal flags to halyards and other line connections.

CELL - a thin line, laid around the cable when it is caged.

KLETNEVANIE - a type of rigging, in which thin strips of tar canvas (kletnevin) are placed on the cable, and then a cage.

CLIVER - 1. An oblique, triangular sail, which is placed in front of the staysail. The next sail in front of it is called a boom jib. If the jib is placed without fastening to the forestay (with a free luff), then it is called flying. 2. Front sail on a boat equipped with a split foresail.

KLOTIK - a wooden or metal blind washer worn on top.

CLUESE - a hole in a bulwark, deck or side, edged with a bar or casting, used for wiring a cable or chain.

KLYAMS - thick belts, reinforced on the inside of the side of the vessel, on which beams are placed.

KNEKHT - a detail of a mooring device in the form of paired metal bollards on a common foundation attached to the deck. Mooring lines are superimposed by eights.

KNITSA - a plate (a piece of wood) of a triangular or trapezoidal shape, connecting the beams of the ship's hull set converging at an angle.

KNOP - a knot in the form of a thickening at the end of the cable.

KNYAVDIGED - the upper part of the water cutter.

COCKPIT - an open top, enclosed space on a yacht for the crew to work on the move. A common self-draining cockpit is a small recess in the deck.

COAMINGS - vertical, watertight fencing of hatches and other cutouts in the deck of the vessel, as well as a threshold at the entrance to the premises.

KOMPAS (magnetic) is a navigation device, the operation of which is based on the use of the property of a magnetic needle to be installed in the direction of the lines of force of an external magnetic field.

COMPASS COURSE - the course of the yacht according to the compass.

COMPROMIS-type of hull of a ballasted (keel) yacht with a centerboard.

END- 1. Not a metal cable on the yacht. 2. Actually the ends of the tackle, one of which

root (fixed), and the other - running (movable).

CONTRATIMBERS - an inclined beam of a longitudinal set, which is a continuation of the sternpost in the presence of a stern overhang.

BUTTON - 1. Spacer in the link of the anchor chain. 2. Strut at bulwark posts or lifeline posts.

ROOT END - see End.

Stern - the end of the yacht, starting from the afterpeak bulkhead and ending with the sternpost (counter-timber) and transom (if any).

STERN LIGHT - white light at the stern of the vessel (COLREG-72).

YACHT HULL - the basis of the yacht, consisting of the outer shell (outer skin, upper deck flooring, superstructures and wheelhouses), reinforced with a set and bulkheads.

OBLIQUE SAIL - see Armament.

KOUSH - a metal inner frame of a cable loop (ogan).

KOFEL-NAGEL - a metal or wooden pin for laying gear.

COFEL-NAGEL STRIP - a massive, rigidly fixed plank at the mast or side with holes for coffee pins.

KRUMBOL- see Kat-beam.

FENDER - a device that serves to absorb shocks and protect the side of the yacht against the pier or other vessel at moorings and parking lots.

FENDER BOARD - a board suspended from the side of the yacht between the pier and the fenders.

KRASPITSA - 1. Spacer, diverting the guys from the mast. 2. A cross beam laid on a longo-saling. 3.Protrusion on the bit to support the chain hose.

CRUISING - sailing (walking) on a yacht from port to port, along a certain route.

ROLL - inclination of the yacht in the transverse plane (around the longitudinal axis).

KRENGELS - a ring, a loop, a half-ring sewn into the sail at the luff or into the luff.

STEEP COURSE (SHARP COURSE) - sidewind. Cool (sharp) walk - the ability to keep the yacht in close-hauled without losing speed. The opposite is full of walking.

ALL-ROUND LIGHT - a white light of a circular glow, exhibited, as a rule, on a ship at anchor. See COLREGs 72 and Anchor Lights for details.

CRUIS-PELENG - determination of the yacht's position by bearings to a landmark, course and distance traveled.

KUBRIK - a room on a yacht for crew and equipment.

HEADING ANGLE - the horizontal angle between the DP of the yacht and the direction to the landmark.

COURSE OF THE YACHT - the horizontal angle between the northern part of the meridian and the direction of movement. There are compass (KK), magnetic (MK) and true (IR) courses.

COURSE OF THE YACHT RELATIVE TO THE WIND - the angle between the direction of the wind and the DP of the yacht. Distinguish: sidewind, gulfwind, backstay and jibe (right or left tack).

CUTTER - see tender.

KET - a boat with an oblique mainsail and a rotating mast placed on the fordeck.

LAVING - the movement of the yacht to the target, located to the windward, by the sidewind courses, periodically changing the tacks (zigzag).

LAG is a device (device) for measuring the speed (distance traveled) of a ship.

LAGLIN - a line with special markings for a manual, outboard log.

LAGOM - the position of moored vessels or on the move "relative to each other when they are set side to side."

LATA - a thin, flat, flexible rail made of wood or plastic, inserted into a latpocket sewn from the leech on a Bermuda-style sail. Serves to give the sail the correct aerodynamic profile.

LATIN WEAPONS - oblique weapons with a triangular sail attached to a long, inclined rail (ryu).

WINCH - a mechanism for increasing traction when choosing gear by transferring forces through gears of various diameters.

LEVENTIK - the position of the yacht with its bow into the wind when the sails stop working.

LEDZHES - half-beam, beam between carlings.

LEER - 1. A metal rod or cable along a spar for tying sails. 2. Enclosure of the upper deck of the yacht. Consists of metal railings

racks and cables or rods-rails stretched between them. See also - railing.

LYING DRIFT - to be under the influence of external forces (wind, current), not using them for purposeful movement.

FLYING SAILS - these are bow sails that are not attached to the stays along the luff and are usually set in light winds.

LIGHTNESS - a canvas bag with sand braided on top. It is attached to the throwing end and facilitates its aimed throwing.

LIKPAZ - a semi-closed chute on (in) a spar tree, into which a lyktros or luff sliders of the sail are inserted, which ensures quick and convenient setting and cleaning of the sail. Likpaz is also the main element of the headstay pier.

LYKTROS is a vegetable or synthetic cable of a gentle lay, which is sewn to the edge of the sail (leech) to increase its strength and fasten it to the spars. For jibs (staysail) on yachts, flexible, steel cables are used, which are sewn into the luffs of the sails.

LINEK - a short tip, with a knot at the end, for the punishment of sailors in the old fleet.

LIN - vegetable or synthetic, usually braided cable with a circumference of up to 25 mm.

It is widely used in sailing (for lacing covers, flags, lots, throwing ends, etc.).

TRACK LINE - the line along which the ship actually moves relative to the ground, taking into account drift and drift.

LYSEL - the lower flying sail of direct armament, is placed on a special spar tree - fox-alcohol. On yachts, it is placed under the boom at full courses.

Loxodromia - a line on the earth's surface that intersects all meridians at the same angle. On nautical charts in the Mercator projection loxodrome

shown as a straight line.

LONG-SALING - longitudinal bars on the lower part of the mast top or topmasts, which, together with spreaders and chiks, serve as the basis of the mars or saling.

LOPAR - part of the cable based between blocks or lufers.

LOT - a device (device) for measuring depths from a ship.

LOTLIN - a line with a special marking of a manual lot, to which a load is attached.

LOCATION - 1.Section of navigation, studying the conditions of navigation in the water basin.

2. The name of the navigation manual containing detailed description certain areas of water basins, their banks, navigation conditions, etc.

LOTSMAN - a specialist in piloting ships in a certain area. Sometimes it is mandatory to be taken on board, but in no way replaces the captain.

LYALO - a recess in the hold of a vessel for collecting water, oils, etc. - bilge waters.

EYELET - a round hole in a sail, awning, etc., braided with a cable or crimped with a metal ring.

LUGER - 1. An oblique trapezoidal sail raised on a rail. 2. Vessel with a lugger.

HATCH - an opening in the deck of the yacht for the passage of people, lighting and ventilation of the premises.

MAGNETIC DECLATION - the angle between the geographic and magnetic meridians at the considered point on the earth's surface. Positive for east declination, negative for west declination.

MAGNETIC COURSE - a course taking into account the magnetic declination.

MARK-1. Method for terminating the end of the cable. 2. Mark on tackle, line.

MARKISOVA LUZHA - the ironic name of the Neva Bay - the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland near the mouth of the river. Not you. Under the command of the Marquis de Traverse (X1X century), the Russian Baltic Fleet never went further than Kronstadt.

MARS - a platform on the top of the mast for spreading the wall shrouds and working with sails.

Marseille - the second straight sail from the bottom, placed between the Mars-Ray and the lower yard.

MARTIN-GIK - a spar suspended vertically under the bowsprit for jib- and bom-jib-stays and martin backstays. Set name - bowsprit shot.

MARTIN BACKSTAG - a cable running from the bow of the Martin boom to the side of the ship.

MARTIN STAGE - a cable running from the butt of the martin boom to the butt of the jib.

MAT - a mat or rug made of a soft cable.

MAST - a vertical spar towering above the upper deck and located, as a rule, in the ship's DP. On a yacht it is used for setting sails.

LIGHTHOUSE - a navigation structure with a light source and its own characteristics of fire, which serves to determine the position of the vessel.

SHALLOW - part of the water basin with shallow or relatively shallow depths.

SHOOL - a section of the bottom, separated from the shore by deep water.

MERCATOR PROJECTION - a normal, conformal cylindrical projection, the most common in the preparation of nautical charts.

MEASUREMENT LINE (MILE) - a section of the coastal water area with special leading marks on the coast, intended for measuring speeds and lag errors.

MIDEL-FRAME (MIDEL) - the line of intersection of the outer surface of the ship's hull with a vertical, transverse plane dividing its theoretical length in half

MILE (nautical) - a unit of length equal to one arc minute of the meridian (1852 m.).

NAVIGATIONAL TABLES - a collection of various tables necessary for solving navigational and astronomical problems.

COLREGs 72 - International Regulations for Preventing Collisions between Vessels, 1972

MUSING - a thickening (knot) in the middle or end of a vertically hanging cable, which serves as a support for the legs.

MUSHKEL - a wooden hammer used in rigging and finishing work.

ON THE WAY - the term on the move "means that the ship is not at anchor, not moored to the shore and not aground, (COLREG-72).

YACHT HULL SET - a set of transverse and longitudinal beams that make up the skeleton of the yacht and the support for the skin.

NAVAL - touching the berth or side of another vessel with the hull of the vessel, without first extinguishing its own inertia.

WINDWIND (board, sheet, etc.) - located closer to the wind. The opposite side is leeward. To windward - to be on the side from which the wind blows.

NAVIGATION - 1. Seafaring, shipping. 2. Section of the navigation course.

NAGEL - 1. A wooden or metal rod for fastening the elements of the hull and spars of the yacht. 2.See coffee nagel.

NADIR - the point of intersection of the vertical and the horizon.

SUPERSTRUCTURE - a closed structure on the deck, extending from side to side.

NIGHTOV - tackle for securing equipment and property. Find - fasten.

DECK LAYING - its hard covering with wood, metal, plastic, etc.

NAUTOFON - an electromagnetic sound emitter that works in fog on individual lighthouses.

PATCH - reinforcement along the luff of a canvas sail.

LOCATION DIFFERENCE - the discrepancy between the calculated and observed position of the vessel.

NEDGERS - bars on both sides of the stem, between which the bowsprit is attached.

UNFLOWNING - the ability of a vessel to maintain buoyancy and stability when one or more compartments are flooded.

NIRAL - running rigging tackle for cleaning oblique sails.

NOK - the free end of any horizontal or inclined spar tree.

The other end that rests on the mast is called the heel.

NOSE - the forward end of the vessel.

ZERO DEPTH - a conditional surface from which the depths are calculated, given

on sea charts. For n.g. take the average long-term sea level, and in

tidal waters - the lowest possible level. In most European

cards for n.g. take the average level of spring low waters.

HULL LINES - the external outlines of the yacht's hull, which largely determine the course

high qualities, stability and seaworthiness, hull mass, displacement, together

value, etc. They are mainly divided into traditional (with an elongated ki-

lem) and modern fin (dinghy type) contours.

COVER - sew lyktros.

MEASUREMENT OF THE YACHT - a special, control check of the dimensions of the hull, sailing

ruzheniya, structural elements and equipment of the yacht for the purpose of establishing

its relevance to a particular class of yachts or to calculate the racing score.

OBSERVATION - determining the position of the vessel by observing objects with known geo-

graphical coordinates (landmarks, radio beacons, stars, etc.).

SHELL - the material of the surface of the side of the yacht.

OVERKIL - flipping (overturning) the yacht through (up) the keel (keel), as a re-

The result of an unsuccessful maneuver or falling from a steep wave. Overkill - frequent accident

sports sailboats. Techniques for their rapid recovery have been worked out.

OVERSTAGE - a turn when the yacht changes tack with the nose crossing the wind line.

LIGHTS AND SIGNS - 1. Part C of COLREGs-72. 2. Ship navigation lights and signs,

mandatory for carrying on ships in accordance with COLREGs-72, are a source of mutual

personal information of the courts necessary to assess the situation and safe,

competent maneuvering and divergence.

OGON - a loop at the end of the cable.

HOLD - slow down the turn of the yacht, inertia when mooring, prevent bulk.

BRAID - sealing (tying) ends, splices, gear or spars with a thin line for

preventing gear from spinning or snagging. See also - celling.

ORTHODROMY - a great circle arc on the surface of the globe - the shortest distance

station between two points.

DRAFT - deepening of the yacht.

RIGGING - 1. The system of gear on the yacht - standing and running rigging. See also-weapons-

yacht charter. 2. The process of attaching the main and wiring the running ends of the gear.

STABILITY - the ability of a yacht that has received a roll for any reason, straightens

lie. Insufficient stability resulting from too high a center

gravity, makes the yacht roll, prone to capsizing. Excessive resistance

vost leads to a very sharp pitching, dangerous for the hull and spars.

SHARP COURSE - sidewind. See also - steep course.

ROCK OFF - move away on a yacht from a pier or other vessel.

GIVE - untie, unfasten, completely unsettle the tackle, the end. Drop anchor - bro

put it in water and etch the anchor end (chain).

DIFFERENTIAL LIGHTS - see lights and signs.

SHOEL - shallow, starting directly from the coastline.

SLEEVE - tackle, a device with traction, as a rule, to the deck. Designed for management

movable elements of the spars (booms, outrigger, etc.) or to provide

niya necessary thrust on the luffs of oblique sails (caninchem, barbara, etc.).

DEPARTURE - the difference between the meridians of the initial and final points of navigation,

calculated from the mean parallel in nautical miles.

PAYOL - yacht hold flooring. As a rule, it is made completely or partially removable.

PAZ - a gap between the boards of the skin or deck. The grooves are caulked, putty-

yut or fill with sealant.

PAL-1. Hydraulic structure in the form of a separate support, designed for

mooring booms, ships. 2. Metal bar preventing reverse

spire rotation.

PALGUN - the foundation of the spire with a toothed rail around the circumference.

DECK - horizontal overlap of the main hull of the yacht along its entire length.

PANER - the moment when the anchor is raised, when the anchor rope (chain) is vertical, and

the anchor has not yet separated from the ground.

SAIL - a propulsion device that converts wind energy into the work of a useful thrust of a yacht (typically

pu wing in the air stream). Sails are rigid (profiled) and soft

cue, from vegetable or synthetic materials.

SAILING ARMAMENT - see armament of a sailing ship.

PATENT-REEF - a device that allows you to wind a sail on a boom or on a rod inside

three booms for taking reefs.

PELENG - the angle between the vertical plane of the meridian and the vertical plane,

passing through the observer and the observed object. Similar to courses,

There are compass (KP), magnetic (MP) and true (IP) bearings.

PENTER-HOOK - hook, laid by the paw or by the bracket on the anchor spindle when it is raised

yome on rustov or on deck.

Bulkhead - a wall that divides the interior of the yacht into compartments (room

niya), as well as the outer wall of the superstructure or deckhouse. Load-bearing bulkhead included

in ensuring the overall strength of the case, waterproof - in providing

unsinkability of the ship.

RUDDER FEATHER - a flat or profiled element of the steering wheel, providing the creation

transverse force and moment required to steer the yacht. located

in the stern area and is rigidly connected to the rudder stock.

PERTULIN - tackle (chain) holding the anchor by the bracket in the retracted position.

PERTS - cables stretched under the yoke, on which sailors stand when working with sails.

PILLERS - a vertical rack that supports the deck of the vessel.

PIRS - a pier on piles, installed at an angle to the coast line.

BUOYANCY - positive if the yacht remains afloat when completely flooded.

PLANSHIR - a bar (beam) that limits the bulwark along the upper edge.

PLASTER - lined, multi-layered, rectangle made of canvas with thimbles on

along the perimeter, to close the hole in the board (apply, put a plaster on).

Shoulder strap (rail) for moving sliders, carriages or bales along it.

LEEETH - see windward.

PODVOLOK- sewing the ceiling in the interior.

VISION - overhang of the stern of the yacht.

PICK (PICK) - see choose.

HALF WIND - Gulfwind course.

FULL COURSE - courses jibe and backstay. In turn, courses such as beide-

wind and backstay, can also be full (closer to the wind) and steep (sharp).

TRAFFIC LANE - a certain area within which a one-stop is installed

forward movement of ships.

SEMICLUSSE - consignment clewse with a cut for inserting a cable.

POMP - a mechanism for pumping liquids.

PONTON - a floating structure for maintaining various devices on the water.

GROUNDING - an emergency stop of the vessel due to touching the ground with the keel or bottom.

FINALE BEAM - a beam, reinforced along the freeboard, protects the side

during bulking and during parking.

LEAD (to the wind) - change the course of the yacht closer (steeper) to the direction of the wind.

PRESSURE - moorings supplied perpendicular to the ship's DP.

TIDAL CURRENTS - horizontal movements of water particles caused by the action

tide-forming forces of the Moon and the Sun.

PROA - a type of catamatan with an outrigger-float, taken away from the main body.

LONGITUDINAL - moorings supplied from the bow forward, from the stern back.

STRAND - an integral part of the cable, for a vegetable cable it is twisted from cables, for a steel cable

twisted from identical wires.

STRAIGHT SAIL - see armament of a sailing ship.

TRAVELING ANGLE (PU) - the horizontal angle between the northern part of the true meridian

on and line way.

PYARTNERS - a hole in the deck of the yacht through which the mast passes.

HEEL - 1. The end of the spar tree rested on the mast. The other, free end is a knock.

2. The outer (lower) part of the trend at the anchor.

SPLIT FOK-sail, consisting of two parts: front - jib and rear -

fore raised on a common rail (boat sail).

SINK - side overhang in the stern of the vessel.

RAKS - metal rings or half rings, dressed on a stay and tied to the front

her luff staysail or jib. Carabiners have been replaced on modern yachts

mi or stay-pier.

RAKS-BUGEL- 1. variant of the rope execution of the bayfoot, when it is supplemented with rax-sliza-

mi (wooden plates) and rax-clots (turned balls). 2.Ring with

hook, walking on the mast and serving to raise the rake of the sail.

SPAR TREE - the traditional name for a yacht spar, a set of overhead

bast structures and details of yacht armament intended for

setting, unfastening and carrying sails (masts, yards, booms, bowsprit, etc.).

REVERSING - changing the direction of the force of the mechanical mover in the opposite direction

opposite (propeller, water jet).

REGATA is a sailing competition consisting of a series of races for various yachts.

RAIL- 1. A spar tree used to lift a slanting, four-

rectangular, rake sail with a halyard laid behind a rax-yoke. Unlike

from the gaff, the rail goes beyond the mast to the bow. 2. Staysail (jib) - boom. 3. Any thin

and a long spar used for the first time to carry sails on a yacht.

REI - a horizontal spar tree suspended by the middle and serving for

attachment to him direct sails. The signal rail is designed to lift

on it signal flags and signs (figures).

REID - open, coastal part of the water surface, intended for parking

vessels on mooring barrels, buoys or anchors.

RELING - 1. Rigid, metal deck railing in the bow or stern of the yacht.

2. Railings - racks with longitudinal connections, replacing or increasing

bulwark.

TURNIP - a special termination of the end of the cable by weaving strands.

RIDERS - iron strips superimposed crosswise over the inner lining

or frames to increase the strength of the wooden hull.

REEF - underwater, or located just above the water level, a rock in shallow water.

RIF-BANT - a strip of canvas sewn onto the sail parallel to the leech

to increase its strength at the base of reef seasons (grommets).

REEF-GATS - (eyelets) holes in the sail through which reef seasons are passed.

REEF-SEZNI- see reef-shterns.

RIF-TALIT - hoists for pulling the luff to the yard (boom) when taking reefs.

REEF PENDANT - tackle for pulling the luff or luff to the boom

slanting sail when taking reefs.

REEF SHTERTS (SHKERTS) - (reef seasons) short gear based in reef gates (any-

versah), for tying the sail to the spars (handrail) when taking reefs.

REFIT SAILS - (take, take reefs), reduce the area of \u200b\u200bsails with the help of special

al devices, gear and techniques. See also patent reef.

RICHER - a fully tailored sail made of lightweight fabric with a high clew

angle and a large sickle on the leech. It is put in place of the staysail.

ROMBOVANTS - shrouds passing through the spreaders and fixed at both ends

on the mast. Rombokrkaspitsy, as a rule, fill up a little forward.

ROSTR-BLOCKS - stands for the installation of boats on board the vessel.

ROSTRY- 1. A set of spare spars on the ship. 2. A number of beams per sail-

nicknames, based on the wheelhouse, and on the sides on the racks, serve to accommodate

ship boats.

ROULS - a drum rotating on an axis with a groove for a cable, used as part of

bales, hawse, blocks, etc.

CUTTING - a structure on the deck of the yacht, not reaching the sides, with windows, doors, etc.

RUDDER - a structure consisting of a rudder blade, stock and tiller.

RUMB is a unit of flat angle in navigation, equal to 1/32 of a circle (11.25*).

RUMPEL - a lever rigidly fixed in the upper part of the stock, perpendicular to the axis.

RUNDUK - 1. A closed box for personal belongings built into the bunk. 2.Placement on

shore for storage of yacht property.

RUSLEN - a small platform on the outside of the side for fastening the shrouds of the shrouds.

RUSTOV - a chain or cable that holds the anchor by the heel in the retracted position.

RIBINS - wooden slats sewn over the frames to prevent

damage to both the cargo placed in the hold and the sides.

Ryu- 1. Reyok in the Latin sailing armament. 2. The predecessor of the gaff on sailing

ships, when he went ahead of the mast.

RYNDA - a special ringing (in 2 strokes) in the ship's bell. This ringing is used to indicate

niya time (beating bottles).

RYNDA-BULIN - a short cable with a knob at the end, tied to the tongue of the bell.

SALING - a sparing knot in the form of a frame, consisting of longitudinal (long-salings) and

pepper (spreaders) beams, their attachment to the mast (chicks) and serves to divert

bram and sten-shroud.

SVAYKA - a tool for rigging, punching strands when interlacing cables.

LIGHT HATCH - hatch rectangular shape in the deck of the yacht, protected by coaming.

SEGARS - rings that freely walk along the mast (gafel) and serve for fastening

luffs of the sail to the spars.

SEZNI - ends for tying (sealing) sails or their parts in assembled form.

SEI-TALIT - hoists based between single-pulley and two-pulley blocks.

SEKSTAN - goniometer reflective type for measuring the heights of heaven

luminaries and angles on the earth's surface.

SKY LIGHT - deck, skylight.

SKEG - enclosing, vertical profile in front of the rudder blade on some yachts.

SKLIZ - the simplest lifting and lowering device with wooden walkways for yachts.

declension - see magnetic declination.

BOTTLES - see rynda.

SKULA - the place of transition from the bottom to the side in the bow of the skin. There are sharp

curvilinear and "broken" cheekbones.

CHICKING KEEL - a rib installed parallel to the DP of the yacht, from the cheekbone to the stern, per-

perpendicular to the skin, to reduce (calm down) pitching.

SLABLIN - a line for attaching a sail (usually a trisel) to a mast or boat sail

SLEMING - vibration of the hull when hitting the bottom of the bow of the yacht

about counter waves.

EQUIPMENT - vegetable, synthetic or steel cable, which has the name and

used for setting, cleaning and managing sails and spars on a yacht.

SNOSS - deviation of the yacht from the course line under the influence of the current. Measured by the angle between

DP of the yacht and the track line, without taking into account wind drift.

SORLIN - cable for lifting the rudder blade, detachable from the stock, or cable (chain),

connecting the rudder blade to the body, in order to avoid losing the rudder if it breaks.

SPINAKER - triangular, isosceles, full cut in lightweight fabric, front

a sail that is set on courses from gulfwind to jibe with windward

angle with a spinnaker boom and a brace. The leeward brace is called a sheet.

SPINAKER-HOE - a shot from the mast to carry the spinnaker's side angle to the wind.

MOLD - connection of two cables of the same thickness.

STAXEL - closest to the mast, front, oblique sail.

STAYSAIL-HOE- see boom.

STANDING ANCHOR - the main anchor given from the bow.

STAR-KNITSA - knitsa connecting the sternpost with the keelson.

MARKING SIGNS - coastal, paired signs of navigation conditions (lighthouses, farms

with shields, pyramids, etc.), designed to indicate the direction, width

fairway, as well as for marking the measuring line.

STEM - stem on wooden ships.

STERNGA - spar, which serves as a continuation of the mast, lifted with the help of

wall-vytrepa and wall-shrouds held from the sides, and behind the wall-forduns.

STEPS - a wooden or metal nest (support) on the keel, in (on) which is placed

mast with his spur.

STOP-ANCHOR - auxiliary, spare anchor, usually laid on the poop.

STOPOR - 1. Device for clamping the running end. 2. Knot (knop) at the end of the tackle, for

preventing it from splashing out of the block (bale).

STANDING RIGGING - see rigging.

STRINGER - a longitudinal element of the ship's hull set. Distinguish bottom, zygomatic,

side and deck stringer (carlings).

SLING - 1. A device made of cables for capturing (girth) and hanging a load from the hook

call. 2. Short end for tying something.

SHIP ROLE - list of crew and passengers with passport data, positions

on the yacht, fixing the time and port of arrival / departure, on the form, which indicates the name

ship and its port of registry.

SHIP NAVIGATION LIGHTS are the main lights to be carried by all ships in

sea: side, top, stern, towing, circular. See lights and signs.

SHDNYA - a portable gangway used for going ashore.

ROAD CALCULATION - calculation of the coordinates and direction of movement of the yacht, taking into account the drift

fa and demolition. Hence the numbered place.

TIDE TABLES - manuals used to determine the moments of onset

and the heights of high and low waters every day, as well as the height of the water level in any

point in time at coastal points.

RIGGING - a set of gear for fastening and controlling the spars and sails.

The rigging is divided into standing - to unfasten the spars (shrouds, backstays, fore-

dunas, stays), and running. The latter, in turn, is divided into a running take-

spars lag (spar halyards, braces, spars sheets, topenants, etc.) and running

sail rigging (sail halyards, nirals, sail sheets, etc.).

TALI - traction, load-lifting device with a manual or mechanical drive,

consisting of two single-pulley blocks (movable and fixed), through which

rye the cable is driven. The presence of one fall in the hoists reduces the applied force

twice. See also grip-tali, sei-tali, gini and lopar.

TALREP - 1. Swivel, consisting of a body into which two steel bars are screwed -

ka with fittings for fastening the tightened elements (tackle, spars, etc.).

2. Eyefers and a cable based between them for fitting standing rigging

TENDER (CUTTER) - type of Bermuda sailing rig single-masted yachts carrying

more than one headsail.

TOLBOY - a narrow, wing-shaped sail, which is paired with a reacher on courses 45 * -

120* to the wind, or with a spinnaker on sharp back stays.

TOMBOY - a buoy tied with a thin cable (buyrep) to the anchor trend, to indicate

places to release the anchor and provide the opportunity to lift the buoyrep on board. See buirep.

TOP - the upper end of a vertical spar (mast, flagpole, etc.).

Toplight - shining forward, white fire on the mast, along the ship's DP. See COLREGs 72.

TOPENANT - tackle running rigging, to hold at the right angle to the deck of the detail

spars lei (yards, geeks, etc.).

TOPRIK (TOPREP) - a cable or chain connecting the upper ends of two davits.

TRAVERSE - the position when the bearing to the landmark is perpendicular to the yacht's DP.

PICK - loosen, release or bypass the cable, holding it. Reverse

action is to choose.

TRANSOM - (transom board) flat, cut across the stern of the vessel.

TRANSOM PLATE - a plate hinged under the stern of a planing vessel, as a continuation of its bottom, to adjust the trim and roll.

TRAP - a ladder for communication between rooms on a yacht. Outboard - for lifting from a boat, from the water.

TRAPEZIA - a safety cable from the mast of a racing dinghy, for hanging the crew overboard when heeling (counteracting the wind, heeling moment).

TRAILER - a trailer to a car for transporting yachts, their descent and recovery from the water.

TREND - a knot for connecting the paws and the anchor spindle.

TRIMARAN is a three-hull yacht.

TRISEL - 1.Storm, oblique sail of reduced area, sewn from durable canvas. It is placed instead of the mainsail, with a free lower luff (without a boom).

2. On sailboats, an oblique, quadrangular sail tied to a gaff, boom and mast or to a (thin) trisel mast behind the main one.

CABLE - a rope-rope product made of natural or artificial, fibrous

materials or steel wire.

HOLD - the space in the hull of the yacht between the inner skin and floorboards.

TUZIK - a small boat on a yacht, fixed on the deck.

TURACHKA - drum capstan, windlass.

REVEAL (downwind) - change course so that the angle between the yacht's DP and the direction of the wind increases. DRIFT ANGLE - see drift.

DRIFT ANGLE - see drift.

STRAP - marine knot.

Knot - a unit of speed adopted in navigation, equal to one nautical mile per hour.

WISHBON - a bent boom on both sides of the sail (for example, on a windsurfer).

HANDLING - the ability of the yacht to obey the control of the rudder and sails. It largely depends on the weather and the competent work of the crew.

STABILITY (on course) - the ability of the yacht not to deviate from the main course. Depends on the design features and qualifications of the crew. WHEELS - curved, wooden planks on the heel of a hafel or boom, sheathed in leather and clasping the mast. DUCK - a two-horned plank of small size, for fastening the free end of the cable.

FAL - tackle used to lift individual parts of the spars, sails, flags, etc.

FALIN - a cable attached to the bow or stern eye of the boat.

FULLBOARD - a belt above the deck of the yacht, made as a continuation of the side.

FALSHKIL - 1. A heavy casting or a loaded streamlined cavity attached to the keel to provide (increase) stability. 2. Bars stuffed from below onto the keel beam to protect it from damage on the ground.

FARVATER - safe, in the area of navigational hazards, passage for ships.

FITTING - a fixed metal butt (device) for attaching tackle to it.

FLOOR - the lower part of the frame frame.

FOK- 1. The lowest straight or oblique sail on the foremast. 2. Oblique, triangular

a sail (fore-staysail) hoisted on the fore-stay of a tender, a sloop.

FOC MAST - the front mast on a sailing vessel with three masts or more. On a two-match

In commercial sailboats, the front mast is foremast if it is lower or equal to the rear.

FORDEWIND - 1. The course of the yacht relative to the wind, coinciding with its direction. 2.Po-

gate when the boat crosses the wind line astern while changing tack.

FORDEK - the bow of the deck of the ship.

FORDUNY - 1. Standing rigging, carried from the top of the mast to the sides and aft,

supplementing the backstay and, sometimes, replacing the backstay. 2. Tackle a standing take-

crap, unfastening the topmasts from the sides and aft.

FORPIK - the extreme bow compartment of the vessel.

STEEL-beam along the contour of the bow sharpening of the vessel, rigidly connected to the keel.

CHARACTERISTICS OF FIRE - the nature of the color and change in the glow of the navigational sign.

HVAT-TALIT - hoists, consisting of one-pulley and two-pulley blocks.

WALK (on a yacht) - to be on board a yacht while sailing. See also - on the go.

RUNNING END - see end.

RUNNING LIGHTS - set. the name of the ship's navigational lights on the ship.

HRAP (HRAPTSY) - a folding hook of two, located towards each other, hooks.

CENTER OF LATERAL RESISTANCE - point of application of the resultant hydrodynamic

the mechanical forces of water resistance to the lateral drift of the yacht.

BALANCE OF THE YACHT - reduction of the horizontal distance between the center of sail and the center of lateral resistance of the yacht. A CYCLONE is an extensive air vortex around an area of low pressure, moving counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere). H

CHIKSTAY - a device (waist) for adjusting the tension of backstays (forduns), when bringing together more than one backstay into one gear near the deck. CHICKS - attachments in the form of short bars on the mast, to support long-salings.

SHVARTOV - a cable (mooring cable) designed to secure the yacht at the berth

or on board another ship. They are divided into longitudinal, clamping and springs.

MOORING - a set of actions to approach and secure the yacht to the mooring place.

MOORING DEVICE - spiers, bollards, fairleads, views and other equipment intended for mooring. DOCKLET - a device in the form of a fin that retracts into the yacht's hull (daggerboard well) and provides stability and drift reduction in the lowered position. SHVERTBOT - a shallow-draft yacht with a daggerboard and a lifting, hinged rudder.

SHVERTS - skewers hung from the sides of the yacht.

SHIRSTREK - the upper belt of the outer skin.

A PENDANT is a short, soft cable with an eye, a thimble or a block at the end, designed to lift loads. SHKERT (SHTERT) - a short and thin cable for auxiliary work.

SHKIMUSHGAR - single-strand hemp line.

SKOT - tackle, fixed to the lower corner of the straight or lower rear corner of the oblique sail (clew) and carried in the direction to the stern of the vessel. The sheet holds the luff of the sail in the desired position. For boom-sheets, hoists are equipped, allowing you to set the boom at the right angle to the wind.

HOSE - one full turn of the cable around something.

SHLATGTOV - a steel beam inserted into the spur of the topmast to hold it in place.

SLIP - a type of Bermuda sailing armament of single-masted yachts with one front sail - a staysail (foca staysail). SLIP-BEAMS - a device in the form of two beams with a mechanism for hanging, holding and lowering the boat overboard. FRAME - the main curved beam of the transverse set, the basis for sheathing.

Spacing - the distance between the frames. Distinguish between constructive and theoretical.

SPIGAT - a hole for the free flow of water in a horizontal plane.

SPILE - a large gate with a vertical axis, for choosing an anchor chain and mooring lines.

SPOR - the lower end of any vertical spar, as well as the inner end of the bowsprit. SPRING - longitudinal moorings from the bow to the stern or from the stern to the bow.

SHPRINTOV (SHPRINT) - a rail that stretches diagonally a quadrangular, sprint, oblique sail. SPRIT-BUCKEN - buoyancy milestones.

SPRUIT - a cable guy that carries the load to two or more points.

sheet piling BELT - belt hull plating adjacent to the keel.

STAG - standing rigging tackle, located in the DP of the yacht and unfastening the mast from the bow. On yachts, the lowest stay is the main one coming from the top of the mast - the top stay, between them are intermediate stays. If the stay is used to set a sail, then it is named after the name of the sail. Step connecting the tops

masts, is called a stay-carnag. See also backstay.

STAG-PIRS - profile with lippaz (for staysail lyktros), covering the stay.

STEVNI-stem and sternpost.

STERT - see sketr.

STOCK - a rod across the anchor spindle.

WHEEL - a course control body in the form of a wheel connected to the steering wheel.

STURTROS - a steel cable (chain) that serves to transfer force from the steering wheel to the steering wheel.

Bayonet - an element of a sea knot.

schooner - a sailing vessel with slanting armament and two or more masts. On two-masted schooners, the front mast is equal to or lower than the rear.

EZELGOFT - a forged wooden piece or forging for fastening two spar trees, has two holes - a quadrangular and a round one. With a quadrangular shape, it is put on the top or leg of a spar tree, and a round one is used to pass an additional tree. (mast - topmast, bowsprit - jib, etc.).

ERNST-BACKSHTAGI - tackle for holding the gaff by the kick (from the sides and to the stern).

ESTUARY - a bay at the mouth of a river, in the area of tidal currents.

YUT - superstructure in the stern. On yachts, poop is called the aft part of the deck.

UFERS - a round, wooden block without a pulley, with three through holes, for wiring lanyard falls.

ANCHOR LIGHTS - (white, circular), ship's distinctive lights at the anchorage.

YAL is a multi-oared (more than two) boat of the navy.

YACHT - a vessel for recreation (sailing or motor), without tonnage restrictions.