A kind of ship from the word. Dictionary of marine words - marine, yachting and motorboat terms

Currently, a ship is called a warship. Tankers, bulk carriers, dry cargo ships, passenger liners, container ships, icebreakers and other representatives of the technical fleet of civil or merchant fleets are not included in this category. But once, at the dawn of shipping, when humanity was still filling the white spaces on the sailing directions with the vague outlines of new islands and even continents, any sailboat was considered a ship. On board each of them were guns, and the team consisted of desperate fellows, ready to do anything for the sake of profit and romance of distant wanderings. Then, in these troubled centuries, there was a division into types of ships. The list, taking into account modern additions, would be very long, so it is worth focusing on sailboats. Well, maybe some rowboats can be added.

galleys

Getting on them is an unenviable share. Such a punishment in ancient times awaited inveterate criminals. And in Ancient Egypt, and in Finland, and in Hellas they already were. Over time, other types of ships appeared, but galleys were used until the Middle Ages. Those same convicts served as the main driving force, but they were sometimes assisted by sails, straight or triangular, mounted on two or three masts. According to modern concepts, these ships were not large, their displacement was only 30-70 tons, and the length rarely exceeded 30 meters, but in those days the size of the ships was not gigantic at all. The rowers sat in rows, according to historians, no more than three horizontal tiers. The armament of the galleys is represented by ballistae and bow rams; in later centuries, these weapons were supplemented by artillery. The move, that is, the speed of movement, was controlled by the overseers, setting the rhythm with special tambourines, and, if necessary, with a whip.

barks

So, a bark (the name of the species comes from the Flemish word "bark") is a ship with three to five masts. All of her sails are straight, with the exception of the oblique rigging of the mizzen (stern mast). Barks - the ships are quite large, for example, the Kruzenshtern has a length of about 115 meters, a width of 14 meters, a crew of 70 people. Since it was built in 1926, when steam engines were already widespread, an auxiliary power plant with a capacity of almost one and a half thousand kilowatts, loaded in two constant steps. Even today the speed of the ship does not seem low; under sail, the speed of this barge reaches 17 knots. The purpose of the type, in general, is common for the merchant fleet of the 19th century - the delivery of mixed cargo, mail and passengers along sea lines.

The brigantine raises the sails

In fact, the same barges, but with two masts, are called brigantines. All differ in their purpose and navigable qualities. Brigantines stand out for their speed and lightness. Sailing equipment is mixed, on the fore (front mast) the sails are straight, and on the mainsail oblique. Favorite ship of pirates of all seas. Historical sources mention brigantines with the so-called "Bermuda grotto", that is, a triangular sail stretched between the lyktros and the luff, but none of the surviving representatives of the species can boast of it. However, these nuances are of interest only to specialists.

Frigates

As the fleet developed, some types of warships appeared, others disappeared, and still others took on a different meaning. A frigate is an example. This concept survived later types such as ironclads, dreadnoughts and even battleships. True, a modern frigate roughly corresponds to the Soviet concept of a large anti-submarine ship, but it sounds shorter and somehow more beautiful. In the original sense, it means a three-masted ship with one artillery deck for 20-30 guns. Since the 17th century, the adjective “Dunkirk” has been added to the word “frigate”, for a long time, meaning the predominant use in a separate zone of the maritime theater of operations adjacent to the Pas de Calais. This type was fast. Then, as the radius of autonomy increased, they began to be called simply frigates. Displacement - average for that time, approximately The most famous Russian frigate was called "Pallada", on it in 1855 a glorious expedition was undertaken to the shores East Asia under the command of Admiral E. V. Putyatin.

caravels

“She passed like a caravel ...” - is sung in a famous pop song. It is harmless to study the species sailing ships, before writing lyrics for future hits. The compliment turned out to be somewhat ambiguous. Not every girl wants to be compared with a lifting, large and rather heavy vessel. In addition, the nose of the caravel is turned up high, which can also be seen as an undesirable hint.

However, basically this type, of course, has good seaworthiness. He is most famous for the fact that Columbus made his expedition to the shores of the New World precisely on three caravels (Santa Maria, Pinta and Nina). Outwardly, they can be distinguished by the mentioned raised tanks (bow superstructures), as well as by sailing equipment. There are three masts, with straight foresails, and the rest with latin (oblique) sails.

Appointment - distant sea and transoceanic campaigns.

From the word "caravel" morphologically comes the Russian word "ship". It gave the name to the famous French passenger airliner, very beautiful.

Clippers

For fast navigation, all types of ships are created, they are not always remembered, but there are exceptions. Someone will say the word "cruiser", and then everyone around will think something - some "Aurora", others "Varyag". As for clippers, there is only one option - “Cutty Sark”. This vessel with a long and narrow hull has gone down in history for several reasons, but its main and most important quality was its speed. It was the lot of clippers and their crews to deliver tea from China, quickly bring mail to distant colonies, and carry out especially delicate tasks for the queen. And these ships did their work until the very appearance of steamships, and in some cases even later.

galleons

Going through the old types of warships, one cannot help but recall the Great Armada, which competed with the British fleet in the 16th century. The main unit of this formidable force was the Spanish galleon. Not a single sailing ship of that time could compare in perfection with it. At its core, this is an improved caravel, with a reduced superstructure of the tank (that very “upturned nose” has practically disappeared) and an elongated hull. As a result, the old Spanish shipbuilders achieved increased stability, reduced wave resistance and, as a result, increased speed. Maneuverability has also improved. Other types of military ships XVI centuries looked shorter and too high next to the galleon (this was a disadvantage, it was easier to hit such a target). The outlines of the poop (stern superstructure) acquired a rectangular shape, and the crew conditions became more comfortable. It was on the galleons that the first latrines (latrines) appeared, hence the origin of the word.

The displacement of these "battleships of the 16th century" ranged from 500 to 2 thousand tons. Finally, they were very beautiful, they were decorated with skillful carvings, and the nose was crowned with a majestic sculpture.

Schooners

There are types of large ships that have become "workhorses" designed to carry a wide variety of goods. Schooners occupy a special place among them. These are multi-masted vessels, distinguished by the fact that at least two of their rigs are oblique. They are topsail, staysail, Bermuda or gaff, depending on which masts are equipped with slanting sails. In this case, it should be borne in mind that the line between a two-masted brahmsel or topsail schooner and a brigantine is very arbitrary. This type has been known since the 17th century. He reached the greatest distribution in the American merchant fleet, in particular Wolf Larsen, the character of Jack London, with his team hunts for it on a schooner. Compared to it, other types of ships are more difficult to manage (According to J. London, this process is accessible even to a lone sailor). Most often, schooners were two- and three-masted, but there are cases when the equipment was much more numerous. A peculiar record was set in 1902, when a ship with seven masts was launched (Thomas Double Lawson, Quincy shipyard).

Other types of ships

Photos of sailboats that arrived at the international regatta from all over the world are published in newspapers, magazines and on website pages. Such a parade is always an event, the beauty of these ships is incomparable with anything. Barges, brigantines, corvettes, frigates, clippers, keches, yachts represent all types of ships that, fortunately, have survived to this day. This spectacle distracts from everyday life and takes the viewer into the past centuries, full of adventures and romance of distant wanderings. A real sailor must master the art of sailing navigation, as they say in many countries, including ours. Having climbed up the shrouds, unfolded the sails and breathed in the free wind of the sea, you can take your seats at the modern control panels of dry cargo ships, bulk carrier tankers and cruise liners. You can safely trust such a sailor with the fate of the cargo and the lives of passengers, he will not let you down.

Page 2 of 4

Gak- a steel hook attached to the end of cables and chains, used to lift boats, cargo and towing.

Biscuit- cracker made from rye or wheat flour, consumed on military ships sailing fleet without bread.

Tack- the position of the vessel relative to the wind. Left G. - the wind blows to the left side, right G. - the wind blows to the starboard side.

Gandonovod- water motor on an inflatable boat.

"Blue Ribbon"- a prize in the form of a blue ribbon, established by the English shipping company "Kunar White Star Line" in the early 19th century and awarded to the fastest ship on the Europe-America line. For a long time the leader was the American passenger liner United States. With an engine power of 235,000 horsepower, she developed a speed of 37 knots and crossed the Atlantic in 82 hours and 40 minutes. After the liner was decommissioned in 1969, boats joined the fight for the record. In 1982, the 22-meter boat The Virgin Atlantic Challenger II improved the Big Yu time by 2 hours and 10 minutes. Four years later, the 33.5-meter Gentry Eagle crossed the Atlantic in 62 hours and 7 minutes. However, both of these records were not recognized. boats resorted to refueling en route. The first ship to show best time and fulfilled all the rules, it turned out to be a 73-meter catamaran "Sea Cat". In 1990, he crossed the Atlantic in 80 hours at an average speed of 37.5 knots, burning 220 tons of diesel fuel. Two years later, the "tape" was intercepted by the 67.7-meter turbine boat "Destriero", which showed average speed 53.09 knots.

Greenwich- a suburb of London, where the astronomical observatory founded in 1657 was located. By international agreement, the meridian passing through the Greenwich Observatory was taken in 1884 as the initial one in the countdown. geographic longitudes and is called the Greenwich meridian. From it is also counted universal and standard time.

Gaff- 1- A spar to which the luff of the oblique sail is laced. 2. Spars raised along the mast at an angle to carry the flag during the day on the move, and at night - gaff lights.

hydroacoustic log- absolute log, working on the principle of an echo sounder. Provides sufficient accuracy at depths not exceeding 300 meters. There are Doppler and correlation hydroacoustic lags. The action of Doppler hydroacoustic lags is based on measuring the frequency of the received signal caused by the movement of the vessel relative to the bottom, correlation lags - on comparing the bottom topography record obtained by two receivers (with one emitter) located under the bottom in the diametrical plane at some distance from each other. The speed is determined by the time between obtaining similar relief records.

Hydrodynamic log- relative lag, the action of which is based on taking into account the magnitude of the velocity head of the oncoming water flow. In the simplest case, it consists of two tubes brought out under the bottom of the vessel. The opening of one of them is directed to the bow of the vessel, and the other is flush with the lining. The speed of the vessel is determined by the difference in the heights of the water columns in the tubes. At speeds over 5 km/h and waves less than 7 points, it can provide measurements with an error of up to 1 km/h.

hydraulic drive- a power drive of any mechanisms, consisting of a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor (hydraulic cylinder), interconnected by pipelines for supplying a working fluid (oil). On small boats it is used to drive the rudder, winches and propeller.

Geek- a horizontal spar attached to the mast at a small height above the deck and facing the free end to the stern of the vessel. The luff of the oblique sail is laced to the boom.

Gitz- small hoists, the movable block of which is tied into some kind of fall.

Gitovs- running rigging gear, used for cleaning straight pairs and trisels. Gits of direct sails pull clew to the yard; gl1 sails. Trisail gits pull the sail to the gaff and mast.

Gorden- tackle, passing through a fixed single-pulley-II block.

Grotto- I. A straight sail, the lowest on the second mast of the bow of the mainmast), tied to the mainsail. 2. A word added to the names of peea. sails and rigging above the main mast.

Grotto-nachta- the second mast from the bow of the ship.

sensible things- the general name of some parts included in the ship's equipment. TO practical things include fairleads, cleats, bale planks, doors, hatches, coamings, lifelines, portholes, scuppers, bollards, ladders, etc.

Diametral plane- an imaginary vertical plane passing through the stern and stem of the vessel

Vessel trim- the inclination of the ship in the longitudinal vertical plane relative to the surface of the water. Accordingly, there is D. on the stern and D. on the bow.

Dmrik-fal- tackle of running rigging, which serves to lift the gaff to the end of the claim.

Heaver- a tool for rigging and sailing, represented by a small cylindrical piece of wood with pointed youths. It is used as a lever when tearing out the ends.

Dryrep- tackle for lifting the mars-swarm.

Drektov- anchor rope of a chain anchor (drake).

Bend- a bend in the riverbed.

Induction log- relative lag, the principle of operation of which is based on the occurrence of an additional EMF in the circuit during the movement of the vessel (part of which is outboard water), located in a magnetic field created by a special solenoid when an alternating electric current is passed through it.

cavitation- the formation of cavities (bubbles) in a liquid filled with gas, steam or a mixture thereof as a result of a local decrease in pressure below a critical value. Once in a high-pressure area, the bubbles burst, generating shock loads from which the surfaces of propellers, pump impeller blades, hydrofoils, etc. are destroyed, which reduces their service life, and also reduces the efficiency of the installation.

boat- the general name of small craft with a stationary engine and a displacement of not more than 40 tons.

Cardinal system - a system for placing navigational signs indicating the extremities of navigational hazards on the cardinal points. It is used exclusively on sea waterways.

Deadrise - characteristic of the transverse profile of the vessel. It has a numerical value - deadrise angle (deadrise) - see fig. The ship's hull is usually characterized by two deadrise angles - amidships and transom. With a low deadrise, the vessels have a smaller draft and a lower roll during circulation, however, they have a sufficiently high yaw rate (therefore, planing vessels have a large deadrise angle on the transom) and large shock loads on the hull when moving on a wave. With a large deadrise, the vessels have low stability when stationary and at low speed, as well as slightly greater hydrodynamic resistance at low speed. Vessels with a deadrise angle of less than 10 degrees are called flat-bottomed, from 10 to 15 - moderate deadrise, from 15 to 20 - strongly deadrise, more than 20 - "deep V". In practice, ships with a deadrise angle of more than 26 degrees are rarely encountered.

Knecht - a metal structure designed to secure mooring ends on it. Installed on the pier or on the ship.

Feed - rear end of the ship. A flat cut of the stern is called a transom. Spicy food is called whaleboat.

Fender- an object softening the blows of the ship's hull against the berth or another ship is located on the outer surface of the side. As K. often use old car tires.

Cruising speed- the conditional name of the most economical speed of the vessel.

all round fire- a fire illuminating a continuous arc of the horizon in 360 degrees.

lag- a navigational instrument for measuring the speed of a vessel and the distance traveled by it. There are relative lags (measure the speed relative to the water) and absolute (relative to the bottom).

Lateral system- a system of placement of navigation marks, indicating the left and right edges of the ship's passage or its axis. On the right edge of the ship's passage, signs painted in red are installed, on the left - signs painted in white (on rivers) or black (on reservoirs and lakes) color. The axis of the ship's passage is indicated by alignments - paired signs installed on the shore, which set a straight line that coincides with the axis of the ship's passage at a certain segment. In some cases, the alignments also indicate the boundaries of the ship's passage. HP predominantly used on inland waterways.

Leer- a stretched cable used as a handrail.

small boat- a vessel, the length of which is less than 7 m, and a rowing vessel - regardless of size (PVVP).

Midel- the line of intersection of the ship's hull and an imaginary vertical plane that runs along the middle of the ship's length and is perpendicular to the centreline.

seaward- an expression indicating that a ship or floating object is further from the coast than anyone else. For example, the phrase "let's go seaward" means let's go farther from the coast in the open sea.

sea mile- a unit for measuring distances at sea, equal to the length of the arc of the earth's meridian in 1`. In different countries, the mile is defined at different latitudes, so it has different values. In Russia, the nautical mile is taken in latitude 44 degrees 30 minutes and is 1852 meters, in the UK and Japan - 1853.18 meters, in Italy - 1851.85 meters. An international nautical mile is 1852 meters.

Motor resource- operating time of the engine or other mechanism before their overhaul. Measured in hours of work.

Powerboat- a small boat with an outboard motor.

Freeboard - part of the side above the waterline.

Draft(draft, draft) - the distance from the surface of the water to the lowest point of the ship's hull.

Vessel stability- the ability of a ship, taken out of equilibrium by external forces, to return to its original position again after the termination of these forces. In the theory of ships, a distinction is made between static stability and dynamic stability. The measure of stability is the metacentric height.

Drying- part of the coast or shoal, exposed during low tide or water surge under the influence of wind.

go-ahead - a method of signaling used to coordinate the sides of the passing of ships. The go-ahead is given from the side of the divergence, during the day - with a white flag or a white pulsed flash fire, at night with a flashing white light. The light signal is located above the side lights and consists of a pair of lights from each side, which illuminate the horizon arc at 112.5 degrees from the beam.

Payol- easily removable floor covering the bottom of the vessel.

pass sign(pillar) - a coastal sign of the navigable situation, having the form of a pillar with a shield. It is installed on both banks of rivers in places where the ship's passage (fairway) goes from one bank to another.

Stanchion- a vertical post, which is an element of hull structures, is designed to absorb and transmit vertical loads. It is installed between decks, based on such elements of the set as carlings, frames, stringers.

Plaza- a place for breaking down the theoretical drawing of the ship in full size, according to which templates for outer plating sheets and templates for set parts are made. In amateur shipbuilding, it is a flat floor (or even a wall!) of a garage, hangar, gym, lined with sheets of thick cardboard, plywood or hardboard.

Swivel nozzle- a massive ring fixed on the baller instead of the rudder. In addition to improving the controllability of the vessel at low speed, it increases the propeller thrust.

Sterndrive(stern drive) - transmission with a horizontal shaft crossing the transom. Structurally, it is a mechanism located behind the transom, which allows the axis of rotation of the screw to move in two planes: horizontally - to control the vessel and vertically - to adjust the angle of inclination of the axis of rotation relative to the surface of the water, as well as to recline when hitting an obstacle, similarly to an outboard motor.

Outboard motor(outboard motor) - First appeared around the beginning of the century. It is currently produced by several companies under various brand names. The most famous brands are: Evinrude/Johnson (USA), Honda (Japan), Mariner/Mercury (USA), Mitsubishi (Japan), Nissan (Japan), Selva ( Italy), Ruggerini ( Italy), Suzuki (Japan), Tohatsu (Japan), Yamaha (Japan), Yanmar (Japan). Power range from 2 to 250hp The most widely used gasoline two-stroke engines. Recently, however, with the introduction of new environmental regulations, four-stroke engines are being produced more and more. In addition to the best environmental performance, they are characterized by lower fuel consumption, low noise and vibration levels. The cost of four-stroke engines is 30-50 percent higher. Two manufacturers (Ruggerini and Yanmar) produce diesel engines.

Redan - ledge on the bottom of the hull of high-speed vessels. Reduces the area of contact of the bottom with water when driving at high speeds.

Rym- a metal ring. Depending on the place of attachment, it is intended for mooring ships, performing rigging work.

Bell- a special battle in the ship's bell. Most often, however, the ship's bell itself is called the bell, which the inveterate Moremans consider wrong.

IALA system- a unified system for the protection of navigational hazards by floating warning signs, adopted in November 1980 by the conference of the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA). Warning signs are divided into system "A" (red buoy or light on the left) and system "B" (red buoy or light on the right). The IALA system includes five types of signs: lateral, cardinal, signs for the protection of individual hazards, signs for designating the starting points and axes of fairways (channels) and the middle of the passage (axial or signs clean water). In addition, the system provides for special purpose signs.

Breast- the place of the steepest bend of the side, passing into the bottom. Depending on the shape of the cheekbones, ships are divided into ships with round chine lines (see the figure above) and ships with sharp chine lines (see the figure below). Round bilge vessels have an easier course (due to a smaller wetted surface), increased hull strength (due to the absence of stress concentration points). Sharp-chinned vessels are considered to be faster, have increased stability when stationary and at low speed, and allow better use of the internal volume of the hull. Sharp-cheeked contours are also more suitable for self-construction, since they have a simpler surface that unfolds onto a plane.

Slane- removable bottom flooring on a boat, boat, etc.

satellite navigation system- GPS (global positioning system) - the general name of systems that allow obtaining accurate coordinates of a place by processing signals from special artificial Earth satellites. So-called GPS receivers have recently gained popularity among small boat owners. Outwardly, they look like a small radio station with an antenna, weighing 300-800 g. Depending on the model, GPS receivers continuously process signals from 8-12 satellites and display coordinates on the LCD screen with an accuracy of 30-50 meters. As a rule, all models of GPS receivers are capable of calculating and continuously displaying the speed of the vessel, storing up to several hundred waypoints, and then indicating the direction of movement to each of them. No special authorization is required to purchase these receivers. In Moscow stores, the simplest models can be bought for 220-280 USD.

ship's passage - body of water on an inland navigation route intended for the movement of ships and indicated on the terrain and on the map.

Tombuy- a float that serves to indicate the location of the given anchor. Connected by a buoy to an anchor.

Registered ton- 1 register ton corresponds to 2.83 cubic meters (100 cubic feet).

Beam- direction to any object, perpendicular to the course of the vessel (diametrical plane). Depending on the location of the object from the vessel (from the starboard or port side), the right and left traverses are distinguished. The distance from the vessel to the object at the traverse distance is called the traverse distance.

Trim plate- a horizontal plate mounted on the transom to facilitate planing and reduce the running trim. Usually it has the ability to adjust the angle of inclination relative to the transom, which allows you to achieve the most favorable sailing mode for various loading options for the boat or boat.

corner column(S-drive, sail drive) - a transmission with a vertical shaft crossing the bottom of the vessel. In rare cases, it has mobility in the horizontal plane to control the vessel.

Knot- non-systemic unit of speed, corresponding to 1 nautical mile per hour (1.852 km/h).

Thrust bearing- a bearing that perceives and transmits to the ship's hull the axial stop of the propeller on the forward and rearward strokes. In marine engines of small power, as a rule, it is built into the gearbox housing. Absolutely necessary for automotive and tractor engines installed on ships, the crankshaft bearings of which are not designed to take the load from the propeller. Conventional angular bearings are capable of absorbing an axial load equal to 20-25 percent of their radial load capacity. If the propeller stop exceeds this value, angular contact, spherical or tapered bearings must be used. According to the recommendations of the River Register, the thrust bearing must absorb an axial force [H] that is 10 times the engine power in horsepower.

Duck- a special two-horned casting or forging, fixed on the bulwark or in another place of the vessel and serving for attaching cables to it.

Bulwark- a light belt of side plating, towering above the upper deck. Serves to protect the deck and protect it from flooding.

False keel- 1) boards, beams or metal strips sewn to the keel of the vessel to protect it from damage when it touches the ground. 2) A heavy lead or cast iron ballast keel on yachts that prevents them from listing and capsizing.

Fiord- a narrow, deep, branched bay (bay) with high rocky shores.

Forepeak- bow compartment of the vessel from the stem to the first (ram) bulkhead.

stem- a wooden or metal beam in the bow of the ship, on which the outer skin of the bow of the hull is fixed and which in the lower part passes into the keel.

Fofan- a type of rowboat.

Freeboard- ship's freeboard.

Futoks- part of the composite frames of wooden ships. The upper futox is called toptimbers, the lower one is called flortimbers.

Footstock- a pole or rail with divisions for measuring depth or monitoring the water level in the sea, lake, river.

Ship's center of gravity- the point of application of the resultant forces of gravity acting on all elements of the vessel.

moorings- cable (chain) for mooring.

sheerstrake- side plating belt adjacent to the upper deck of the ship. It is one of the main longitudinal ties and is made thicker than the rest of the sheathing belts.

Shkimushgar- thin (no more than 25 mm) tarred line. Used in rigging.

Hose- one turn of the cable around something.

frame- stiffener of the outer skin of the ship's hull, located in the transverse plane.

space- the distance between two adjacent frames.

Scupper- a hole for water drainage in the bulwark or waterway.

Shturtros- a cable connecting the steering wheel with the tiller.

Suga- small pieces of loose ice and clods of snow that appear in the water before freezing.

Kabolka- the thinnest component of a vegetable cable? twisted from the fibers of hemp, agave or other plants.

Kalyshka- a loop on the cable, made by its running or root end so that the cable crosses with itself, or formed by excessive twisting of the cable.

toggle- 1. A cone-shaped piece of hard wood inserted into a yul. so that the last ns is tightened - 2, A small wooden block of a cylindrical shape with a round recess (bale) in the middle - Down-turned to connect the flags with the halyards on which they are raised.

Klsten- a layer of shkimushgar, a thin line or wire, overlaid around the cable against its descent with the help of a semi-mushkel.

Service- a special type of rigging work, consisting in the pedal; on a truncated and pitched cable, put the cage along the [cable of the cable] so that each of its hoses overlaps the next. Having covered the entire cable with a rope and strengthening its ends, they begin to lay the cage (shkimushgar. a thin line or wire) around the cable against its descent with the help of a half-mushkel.

Jib- oblique triangular sail, which is placed ahead of the "ok-mast.

Knechts- paired metal pedestals cast together with the base-"l-plate. Kkelts are installed on the deck in the fore and aft parts and along the sides of the drone. They serve to secure the cables during mooring.

Knop- a knot in the form of a thickening at the end of the cable to hold or fasten its root end.

Peg (*leg of lamb*)- kind of node for shortening snash.

Koush- a metal ring with a groove of appropriate thickness on the outer surface for the cable,

K Ophel Nagel- a wooden or metal rod with a handle at the upper end, inserted into the socket of the coffee bar for wrapping running rigging gear on it,

K ofsl-plank- a wooden or metal beam with holes for a hofel-nagel I. attached horizontally on the deck at the masts and at the inside of the side;

Grommet- a ring twisted from strands of cable. Krengels replace slings, are embedded in the luffs of the sails for pulling in spruits, are superimposed on the bram-strings under the sconce m-rigging-Kubrick - 1. Living quarters for the team, 2- The name of one of the decks of the sailing warship on which the team lived.

lightness- 1. A small bag, woven from a cord, the size of a fist, filled with sand. Serves as a load at the throwing end for its supply. 2. In the merchant marine, this term refers to the throwing line.

Leer- a metal rod or a tightly stretched vegetable or steel cable. used for tying sails, pulling awnings, drying clothes, etc. Handrails are also called ropes fixed on racks that replace the bulwark of a ship, and ropes pulled to prevent people from falling and overboard during a storm.

linek- a short rope about a finger thick, with a knot at the end. which was used to punish sailors.

Tench- a thin vegetable cable with a diameter of 3.8 to! 1.2 mm, twisted from heels. Braided lines are used for sishal halyards and for laglins.

Liseli- additional sails c. the shape of trapezoids, which were placed on the outer sides of direct sails on fox-spirits-

Lisel-reek- slats to which the fox is laced.

Lisel alcohols- thin spar trees on the foca- and grotto-yards and on the fore- and main-mars-yards, used for setting foxes.

Lapp- rope. based between blocks or lufers.

Lot- a device for measuring depths - According to the principle of the device, the lots are divided into manual, mechanical and echo sounders.

Lotlin- a line or cable to which the load (weight) of the lot is attached.

lueyers- a round, threaded or finished with a copper ring hole in a sail, awning, etc.

Autonomy - the duration of the voyage without replenishment of fuel, water and food.

Water area - limited area of the water surface.

Anticyclone - an area of high atmospheric pressure with air moving around its centre.

Axiometer - indicator of the angle of deflection of the rudder blade or the axis of the propeller relative to the center plane of the vessel.

Arneson drive - type of transmission with a horizontal shaft.

afterpeak- the extreme aft compartment of the vessel.

Akhtershteven- aft end of the vessel, an element of the hull set. It can be a frame on the transom or a continuation of the keel beam.

Buchan - anchored floating navigation mark.

Ballast- liquid or solid cargo placed inside or outside the ship's hull, providing the necessary stability and draft. It may also be redundant and talk a lot.

Baller - a vertical shaft that serves as a drive for the rudder blade.

Jar- 1. Sitting on deckless boats, at the same time serves as a spacer between the sides. 2. Separately located aground of limited size. 3. Capacity for storing worms.

Bar- 1. Alluvial stranded in the coastal zone. 2. Unit of pressure, approximately equal to 1 atmosphere.

Barhout- thickening of the outer skin of the ship's hull in the area of the waterline.

beidewind- the course of the yacht, at which the diametrical plane of the vessel in relation to the direction of the wind is less than 90 degrees.

Seizing- ligation of thick cables with a thinner line.

Buttocks- lines of a theoretical drawing, giving an idea of the volumetric shape of the hull.

Batoport- movable dry dock wall.

Beam- a transverse beam connecting the side branches of the frame, an element of the hull set.

Bitt- cabinet for fastening cables on large cruising yachts.

Bon- a fixed floating structure for mooring small boats and other purposes and works.

Bora- He's a Nord-Ost.

Barrel- barrel. Large float at dead anchor. Facilitates the process of anchoring in difficult places. "Stand on the barrel."

Brandwacht- a ship installed to observe something (someone).

Windlass- deck mechanism for lifting the anchor.

Bridle- anchor cable, chain, rope, fixed with the root end to the anchor in the ground, and running - to the barrel, boom.

Breeze- coastal breeze, changing its direction during the day, due to the temperature difference between day and night, land - sea.

Throwing end- throwing end.

Broching- For sailing yachts: sudden loss of control when fair wind with the release of the rudder blade from the water and falling on the cheekbone.

Buoy— floating navigation mark.

Buyrep- cable, on the trend of the anchor and a buoy on the surface. Indicates the place where the anchor lies and makes it easier later to detach it when lifting.

Vessel's capacity- a significant drawback - the property of the vessel to heel due to insignificant external forces on big angles and very slowly return back to the equilibrium position. Strongly manifested on ships with low stability.

waterways- a bed on the open deck for the flow of water. It is also used in the meaning of beams on the sides, as part of the deck flooring.

Waterline- the boundary of two media, clearly visible on the ship's hull. Of course, it depends on the load.

Spindle anchors- anchor rod.

Verp- auxiliary anchor.

Swivel- spar swivel joint. Fishing swivel - little brother.

Milestone— floating navigation mark. Protects dangers and indicates the sides of the fairway.

Vessel displacement- the amount of water that is displaced by the underwater part of the vessel afloat. The amount of water displaced is equal to the mass of the entire boat.

- a jet engine that uses acceleration from the ejection of water through a nozzle.

Choose- pull up, pull up the tackle.

Harbor- coastal parking of ships, protected from the wind.

Gak- hook

gulfind- for sailing ships - a course with an angle of the diametrical plane and a wind direction of 90 degrees.

latrine- toilet

Tack is the direction of the wind relative to the hull. For example, starboard tack is the wind to starboard.

Helmport- a cutout in the stern for posting the stock.

planing- a mode of motion in which the ship's hull is supported on the surface of the water only due to hydrodynamic forces, and not due to Archimedean ones. It is possible only when a certain speed is reached and on planing hull contours (very low deadrise on the transom). Launching flat pebbles with a pancake on the water is a planing option. The rock will sink when it stops, but when planing, the Archimedes forces don't work, and as long as it maintains the required speed, a flat pebble will be able to cross the Atlantic, as long as it's completely calm, of course.

Magnetic compass deviation- deviation of the compass indicators associated with the action of the ship's own magnetic field.

Deadwood- 1. Underwater parts of the ship's points from the stern and from the bow, associated with the keel. 2. Outboard motor leg housing.

sensible things- the general name of various details and small things included in the necessary and not very equipment of the vessel.

Vessel diametral plane- a vertical imaginary plane passing through the stem and stern.

Trim- the inclination of the ship's hull in the longitudinal vertical plane relative to the surface of the water.

Drek- small anchor on boats and tenders.

Drektov- anchor rope dreka.

Drifting- the drift of the boat relative to the course as a result of the influence of the winds, but without taking into account the currents.

AND

Vessel survivability- the reliability of the vessel and its ability to maintain its characteristics, even with severe damage.

Lay- 1. Fix the end, the rope. 2. Lay a turn.

AND

true course- course taking into account deviation and magnetic declination.

Bend- the bend of the river.

Cable- 185.2 m - 1/10 nautical mile.

Galley- kitchen

cavitation- shock loads arising as a result of the collapse of vapor or gas bubbles, which were formed as a result of a critical decrease in pressure and met with the boundary of the high pressure area. The result of this meeting may be blows to the edge of the propeller with a force comparable to a hammer blow. As a result, the edges of the blades are chipped, which is why this phenomenon is also called cavitation erosion.

cardinal system- a system for installing maritime navigational danger signs, in which their detour and maneuvers are closely related to the cardinal points.

Cartushka- a detail of a magnetic compass that determines the direction of the magnetic meridian.

Deadrise- a characteristic of the transverse profile of the boat hull. It is measured by a numerical characteristic on the transom and amidships - deadrise angles.

Knecht- a metal contraption for securing the mooring ends.

Stern- rear end of the vessel. Whaleboat feed is spicy. Transom - a flat cut at the stern.

Keel- the main beam of the longitudinal set of various materials, located in the diametrical plane. The keel boat may not have this device, and the deadrise will be formed by the joint of the skin sheets. Inflatable keel boats have an inflatable keelson, which, when inflated, rests on the payol on one side, and on the other side stretches the bottom fabric sheets, cut in a special way, which creates deadrise.

Keelblock- support for dry storage of the boat.

Wake- 1. The line of motion of ships in the conditions of the formation of ice. 2. Formation of ships following the same line.

Wake stream- a footprint on the water behind a moving ship.

kilson- on rigid hulls - connection of frames in the bottom area.

Kipa- a horned device on the deck or sides for the removal of sheets or springs.

Hawse- a hole in the body with a protective edging for wiring gear. For example, an anchor chain.

Knica- a triangular or diamond-shaped plate connecting the elements of the body kit.

Knop- thickening or knot at the end of the rope.

Cockpit- open space on the upper deck for crew work. For example, for fishing or sunbathing. On good yachts, the cockpit is easy to recognize by finding a folding table with a bottle of wine in it.

Coaming- waterproof threshold at the entrance to the wheelhouse or cabin.

Compass- the main navigational device.

compass heading- compass heading.

End- any non-metallic cable or line.

Fender- expendable material, softening the blows of the hull on the berth or on other vessels during mooring, withdrawal and maneuvers. Fenders are inflatable, wicker - an expensive exclusive and simply stuffed with hemp. It is not recommended to enter the marina without fenders, where very expensive yachts are moored.

Cruising speed- the most economical mode of movement of the boat. Each has its own and depends on many factors.

all round fire- circular fire.

Vessel course is the angle between northern part meridian and direction of movement.

Lavrovka- on sailing yachts - movement to the intended point against the wind, by constantly changing the course, changing the tacks.

lag- a device for measuring speed and distance traveled.

Lagom mooring - mooring side to side.

Lateral system- navigation system for installing navigation signs. Mainly used in inland waters. Uses the principle of marking the axis of the ship's passage or its right and left edges.

Leventik- for sailing yachts - the position of the bow into the wind when the sail begins to idle.

Leer- handrail or fence in the form of a stretched cable.

Likpaz- the groove into which the lyktros enters.

Location- section of navigation. Cunning navigational aids for a particular navigation area - also called a pilot.

Pilot- a person who has a sailing position, or he knows the given navigation area by heart.

Luke- hatch.

brand- termination of the end of a sheet or cable, or a mark on it for a specific purpose.

Lighthouse- lighthouse.

Midel- an imaginary line of intersection of the outer surface of the boat hull with cross section, which divides its overall length into equal parts.

sea mile- the length of the arc of the meridian of the planet Earth is 1 degree. Due to the difference in latitudes in different places on the planet, it has different meanings. The distance of 1852 meters is accepted as international value.

Bulk- contact of the hull with the berth, another vessel, occurring as a result of inertia.

Windward- located closer to the wind.

superstructure- deck closed structure from side to side.

Knights- tackle for fixing equipment. Necessary thing into a storm.

ABOUT

Observation- determination of the location by objects with known coordinates.

Overkill- an unpleasant thing, entailing an indispensable unplanned bathing.

Overstay- for sailing yachts - change of tack with the bow crossing the wind line.

fire- a loop at the end of a cable, rope. Also called fire is an insert in a loop for wear protection made of metal, leather, etc.

to win- slow down the inertia of the vessel.

Draft is the distance from the surface of the water to the lowest point of the vessel.

Stability- an important factor determining the ability of a boat, brought out of equilibrium under the action of external forces, to return to its original position.

go-ahead- a method of signaling when ships diverge with the help of a person with flags or with flashlights.

back off- move away.

give away- unbind.

Pal- support for mooring. Sometimes it is also used in the meaning of a locking finger.

Payol- flooring on the bottom of the boat.

Bearing- the angle formed by the meridian line and the line passing through the observer and the observed object.

Bulkhead- a wall separating the compartments of the body.

pass sign- a bank sign indicating the place where the fairway passes from one bank to another.

Stanchion- support for the perception of vertical loads of the body.

gunwale- beam of the upper edge of the bulwark.

Podvolok- ceiling lining in the ship's room.

Valance- overhang of the stern of the vessel.

Pick up- the same as choosing.

half wind- gulffind.

Pontoon- floating structure.

Fender, halt- A beam of various materials running along the side. It acts in conjunction with the fenders, but by itself only protects our boat from bulk.

Sterndrive- type of transmission with a horizontal shaft. Despite the fact that the engine itself is located inside the hull of the boat, thanks to the use of a cardan drive, it allows the column to work like an outboard motor - to recline when it hits an obstacle and adjust the angle of attack.

Redan- there are transverse and longitudinal. A ledge, a step on the bottom of gliding high-speed boats and boats. Without dribbling deep hydrodynamics, the longitudinal redans serve to stabilize the movement and to correct the wetted surface, a kind of “wet” triangle, which is formed during the gliding mode. Transverse steppers are designed to reduce the wetted surface at high speeds. However, the use of redans of both types should be made only after rather complicated calculations. By applying hull editing without calculating hydrodynamics and a bunch of characteristics, you can pretty much worsen the ship's driving performance. For each hull from reputable manufacturers, redans are used only after a series of test tests in the pool and life-size in open water, which, together with the calculation of the designers, determine their number and configuration. In the displacement mode, the redans, especially the transverse ones, play a negative role.

Reverse- reversal of the direction of action. Definition for motors. On outboard babies, up to 3.5 hp, reverse is carried out by turning the motor around its axis. On older motors - by shifting the gear lever. Essentially reverse gear.

Raid- open coastal part of the water surface. The raid is intended for mooring vessels on anchors or buoys and mooring barrels.

Reling- deck fencing in the form of racks with cables, forming a kind of bulwark.

recession- a niche in the stern for an outboard motor.

Reef- a rock in shallow water.

Reef, take a reef- for sailboats - to reduce the sail area by using special gear.

Anchor rollers- a device for facilitating the return / lifting of the anchor. Rolls can also have an anchor rope or chain stopper.

felling- a structure on the deck, leaving a passage from the sides.

Rumb- division of the compass card, a flat angle equal to 1/32 of a circle, 11.25 degrees.

Tiller- the steering lever on the baller, or on the outboard boat motor.

Locker- a closed box for personal belongings or ship's property.

Rym- a ring or half ring, most often, metal. It has a bunch of attachment points and it depends on what task a particular eyelet performs. For example, a mooring eye on the bow of a boat.

Bell- a kind of battle in the ship's bell. Recently, the bell itself has also been called the rynda, which, in general, is incorrect.

WITH

skeg — Bottom part outboard motor gearbox or angular column, feather-fin. Some yacht steering devices also have a skeg - a profile in front of the rudder blade.

slip- an inclined surface that goes into the water and is designed specifically for launching ships. On the slipway, you can also observe many funny situations that occur when boats are lowered from the trailer.

Demolition- drift of the vessel from the course under the influence of the current without taking into account the winds.

IALA system- a system of protection for navigational hazards, adopted by the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities.

Cheekbone- in addition to the human one, it also exists on the hull of the vessel, it is the steepest bend in the side in the bow of the vessel. Depending on the design and purpose, ships are round-billed and sharp-billed.

Slane— Removable bottom flooring.

Leading signs- paired signs along the banks.

stop anchor- spare anchor or auxiliary.

crew list- a detailed list of the crew and positions, the time of arrival / departure on board.

ship's passage- inland navigation routes marked on the map and navigational signs.

Gangway- portable ladder.

Rigging- a set of gear. Standing and running.

Lanyard- swivel threaded for screed.

Tombuy- a float to indicate the location of the anchor.

Registered ton- 2.83 cubic meters, 100 cubic feet.

Beam- the direction to the object, which is perpendicular to the diametrical plane of the vessel. The traverse is right and left, and the distance to the object is the traverse distance.

poison- weaken, hold. The opposite is to choose.

Trim plate- adjustable plate behind the transom, which makes it easier to enter the planing mode and reduce the running trim.

Ladder- outboard - for lifting / lowering people. Internal - a staircase for communication between rooms at different levels.

trend- the connection of the paws and the anchor spindle.

Hold- the lower space on the ship under the floorboard, deck.

Knot A nautical unit of speed equal to 1 nautical mile per hour. On inland waterways, km/h is still used.

Duck- two-horn casting, more often metal. Serves for easy fastening of cables and ropes on it.

Fal- tackle for lifting all sorts of things.

Falin- cable on the bow eye of the boat.

Bulwark- deck side plating above its level.

Fairway- a place for the safe passage of ships, having navigation signs.

jibe- for sailboats - a course coinciding with the direction of the wind.

Vordek- forward part of the deck.

Forepeak- bow compartment to the first bulkhead.

stem- bow beam of the vessel, passing into the keel.

Freeboard- freeboard.

Footstock- a pole with divisions to control the water level.

Cyclone - A large air vortex around an area of low pressure.

moorings- cable, rope for mooring.

Mooring- a set of actions related to putting the boat into the parking lot.

Mooring device-all sorts of devices to facilitate the mooring process.

sheerstrake- one of the side plating belts, thicker than the rest. Adjacent to the upper deck.

Hose- one turn of the rope.

frame- transverse part of the ship's skeleton, stiffener, part of the skeleton.

space- the distance between the frames.

Scupper- a hole for draining excess water.

Spring- mooring lines from bow to stern and vice versa.

Shturtros- a cable for connecting the steering wheel with the tiller, stock or PLA.

Yacht- Recreational vessel without tonnage limitation.