Ladoga lake. Lake Ladoga - PowerPoint PPT Presentation Download presentation on Lake Ladoga
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1. Why did I choose this topic?
2. Features of Lake Ladoga.
3. Rivers.
4. Islands.
5. Animal world.
6. Curious situations associated with Lake Ladoga.
7. Conclusion.
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Why did I choose this topic?
I am interested in this topic, due to the fact that Lake Ladoga is located in Leningrad region and is the most large lake Europe. By this lake interesting story associated with the Patriotic War, and it is also very beautiful. The lake is rich in its flora and fauna.
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Features of Lake Ladoga.
Lake Ladoga is the largest in Europe. The Neva River flows from it, flowing into the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea. The basin of the lake is of glacial origin. About 12 thousand years ago, she finally freed herself from ice. And now seals continue to live in the lake, who liked its natural conditions. The area of Ladoga with the islands is more than 18 thousand square meters. km. The endless expanses of the lake resemble the sea. In its open part, the shores are not visible, and strong winds often turn it into a raging element, more insidious than some of the seas. The greatest length of Lake Ladoga is 219 km, and the average width is about 83 km. Average depth - 50 m.
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The lake is distinguished by low mineralization and the water of Ladoga is quite transparent. in winter in warm years the lake does not freeze completely, and the open central part of the lake remains free of ice. The thickness of the ice on the lake, depending on the severity of the winter, ranges from 50 to 110 cm. The ice reaches its greatest thickness in late March - early April. The lake begins to open up in April near the southern shore and in the skerries of the northern part. If the strong blow northern winds, then the mass of ice is driven into the Shlisselburg Bay, and from there into the Neva River. Then the second - Ladoga - ice drift passes through it. Ladoga is characterized by a stormy temper, but it is not always completely covered by a storm wind. Often, an increase in wind in one part of the lake is combined with almost calm weather in another. Calms here are observed most often in June, but for a very short time. In July and August, in calm weather, there are mirages. Looking into the distance, you suddenly discover islands where they never were. Sometimes, instead of an island, the contours of a ship are outlined on the horizon, or real island before our eyes rises and soars above the water.
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Navigation on Ladoga has been known since ancient times. In the 9th-12th centuries, a water trade route "from the Varangians to the Greeks" passed through it, connecting Northern Rus' with Southern Russia, Scandinavia and the Baltic States with Byzantium. Ladoga acquired the most intensive transport significance in the time of Peter the Great. On the shores of the lake, shipyards began to be created, canals were built. At the beginning of the 18th century, Lake Ladoga was connected with the Upper Volga by a system of canals. But frequent unrest has long been a huge hindrance to navigation. At the mouth of the Volkhov, up to 500 ships sometimes gathered in anticipation of favorable weather. This was the reason for the construction of bypass canals along the southern coast of Ladoga. During the Great Patriotic War transportation along Ladoga was the only link between the besieged Leningrad and the country. During navigation, transportation was carried out by the Ladoga flotilla, and in winter, a highway called "Road of Life". In total, during the blockade period, about 1 million people were evacuated to the rear through Lake Ladoga and 1.7 million tons of cargo were transported.
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There are about 660 islands on Lake Ladoga with a total area of 435 km², most of them are concentrated in the northern part of the lake, in the so-called skerry region, as well as in the Valaam (about 50 islands), Western archipelagos and the Mantsinsari group of islands (about 40 islands) . Most major islands- Riekkalansari, Mantsinsari, Kilpola, Tulolansari, Valaam, Konevets.
Rocky shore of the island in Lake Ladoga.
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Lighthouse on Sukho Island in Lake Ladoga.
Putsaari - almost desert island Lake Ladoga.
Island in Lake Ladoga.
The most famous on Lake Ladoga are the Valaam Islands - an archipelago of about 50 islands with an area of \u200b\u200babout 36 km², due to the location of the Valaam Monastery on the main island of the archipelago. Also known is the island of Konevets, on which the monastery is also located.
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Mouth of the Olonka River - Lake Ladoga.
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The lake is fed through the Svir River from Lake Onega, and across the Volkhov River - from Lake Ilmen. The rivers Vuoksa, Syas, Naziya and others also flow into it. The Neva is the only river flowing from Lake Ladoga.
northern part The area is occupied by the Svir depression - a narrow strip between the Ladoga and Onega lakes, which is a terraced plain of lacustrine-glacial origin, consisting of a number of steps descending to Lake Ladoga. In the middle of the Svir depression, the Svir River flows to the west. Almost the entire population in the eastern part of the Svir depression is concentrated directly in the valley of the Svir River. A significant area is occupied by the Neva lowland, covering the valley of the Neva and its tributaries - Tosna and Izhora. It is mostly treeless, only in the east separate forests have been preserved. The flat relief and proximity to the surface of water-resistant rocks led to a large swampiness.
The space to the south to Lake Ilmen is occupied by the swampy wooded Volkhov lowland, which is crossed by the Volkhov River from the north.
On the shore of Lake Ladoga beyond the Morie River.
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IN last years Ladoga ringed seal cubs are often found on the shores of Lake Ladoga. The species is listed in the Red Book.
At the bottom of Lake Ladoga there are 385 species of invertebrates, therefore, this fauna is quite diverse. Most species are in the littoral zone (about 290).
Much less - in the deep part (about 80).
The benthic fauna is dominated by insect larvae (52% of all species of benthic fauna), worms (17%) are in second place, hydracarines or water mites are in third (14%), mollusks are in fourth (9.3%), fifth place belongs to crustaceans (4.5%); other groups of animals - 4.3%.
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About 60 species of fish live in Lake Ladoga, of which 30 are of commercial importance. Ladoga is a predominantly salmon reservoir. Salmonids include almost all valuable commercial fish: salmon, trout, char, vendace. Other valuable fish include whitefish, grayling and smelt. About one third of the species living in the lake are cyprinids - roach, ide, bream, syrt. Most of the species live in the lake permanently, and only some of them, such as the Baltic sturgeon, Baltic salmon, Neva lamprey, sea eel, sometimes enter Ladoga from the Baltic and the Gulf of Finland. In the past, sterlet was found in Lake Ladoga, now it is gone. In recent years, new fish have appeared in the lake - carp and peled. The common carp came from Lake Ilmen, where it was released in 1952-1953, and the peled came from the lakes of the Karelian Isthmus, where it has been bred since 1958.
The local lake salmon is an exceptionally valuable fish. Its weight reaches 10 kg. Best Places salmon fisheries are located in the northern part of the lake. However, fishing has been banned since 1960, as the salmon herd is recovering very slowly. The reason for the slow resumption is a sharp deterioration in spawning conditions; rivers are littered with timber rafting, Vuoksa is polluted, poachers cause great damage on Stormy, Svir is blocked by hydroelectric dams.
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Pike perch is one of the main objects of fishing on Ladoga. He lives in the lake everywhere, but especially willingly in the southern shallow part. Here, in the south, and its largest commercial accumulations. Individual specimens of zander weigh 8 kg.
The bream, despite its good food and taste qualities, is not of great importance in the Ladoga fishery. Lives mainly in southern region lakes and in its southern bays.
In the northern deep-water part of Ladoga, palia is kept. Due to the insignificant catches, the fishing of char is almost stopped.
Whitefish in Lake Ladoga are represented by 7 different forms. Four of them are lake (Ludoga, lake Ladoga, Valaam and black) and three -
lake-river (Volkhovskiy,
Svir and Vuoksa).
Vendace and ripus
different from each other
sizes. small form
called vendace and
throughout the lake.
The large form is called
ripus, and she is the main
way in the southern part of the lake,
and spawns here in autumn.
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In the fishing industry, it's not
limited to extracting only the most
the best breeds of fish, as a massive
fishing of less valuable can give no
less economic impact
than mining a small amount more
valuable. And first place in catches on
Lake Ladoga occupies a modest
smelt (Arkhiptseva, 1968).
Widespread throughout the lake
but in the southern part lives her more
a large form, and in the northern one - a smaller one, similar to a smelt.
Pike, which prefers thickets of aquatic vegetation in shallow water areas for its life, are caught in small quantities.
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Curious situations associated with Lake Ladoga
1. Rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations removed 21 fishermen from a detached ice floe on Lake Ladoga
Publication time: January 20, 2003 5:44 pm Last updated: January 20, 2003 8:44 pm
2. In the Leningrad Zoo - graduation. Seal Ira will get freedom today. She was the last of 11 seals rescued this spring to remain in her cage. Recall that for the first time this year the fate of the pinnipeds came to grips with the employees of the Leningrad Zoo and foreign volunteers. Due to global warming, the ice in the bay melts earlier and the seals do not have time to feed their pups. Babies are dying by the hundreds. Now found seals are brought to the zoo, treated and released. True, each time parting becomes a small tragedy, if not for the animal, then for those who cared for it. The Ira seal was found on April 9, she was dying of hunger. For 3 months, the baby has grown fat about four times. And instead of fish porridge, she eats herring with pleasure. True, on the day of departure she was so worried that she refused food, she gnawed only the microphone of the Petersburg Vesti. Ira will be released today into the native waves of Ladoga on one of the islands of the Valaam archipelago.
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Having such a unique miracle of nature as Lake Ladoga, it is necessary that attitudes towards it change for the better: treat the flora and fauna of the lake more carefully, preserve rare and valuable fish species, fight poaching, and help preserve the Ladoga seal. It is necessary to strictly monitor the pollution of the waters of the lake and rivers, industrial enterprises and individual citizens.
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Navigation on Ladoga has been known since ancient times. In the 9th-12th centuries, a water trade route "from the Varangians to the Greeks" passed through it, connecting Northern Rus' with Southern Russia, Scandinavia and the Baltic States with Byzantium. Ladoga acquired the most intensive transport significance in the time of Peter the Great. On the shores of the lake, shipyards began to be created, canals were built. At the beginning of the 18th century, Lake Ladoga was connected with the Upper Volga by a system of canals. But frequent unrest has long been a huge hindrance to navigation. At the mouth of the Volkhov, up to 500 ships sometimes gathered in anticipation of favorable weather. This was the reason for the construction of bypass canals along the southern coast of Ladoga. During the Great Patriotic War, transportation along Ladoga was the only link between the besieged Leningrad and the country. During navigation, transportation was carried out by the Ladoga Flotilla, and in winter a motor road was laid on the ice of the lake, called the Road of Life. In total, during the blockade period, about 1 million people were evacuated to the rear through Lake Ladoga and 1.7 million tons of cargo were transported. Navigation on Ladoga has been known since ancient times. In the 9th-12th centuries, a water trade route "from the Varangians to the Greeks" passed through it, connecting Northern Rus' with Southern Russia, Scandinavia and the Baltic States with Byzantium. Ladoga acquired the most intensive transport significance in the time of Peter the Great. On the shores of the lake, shipyards began to be created, canals were built. At the beginning of the 18th century, Lake Ladoga was connected with the Upper Volga by a system of canals. But frequent unrest has long been a huge hindrance to navigation. At the mouth of the Volkhov, up to 500 ships sometimes gathered in anticipation of favorable weather. This was the reason for the construction of bypass canals along the southern coast of Ladoga. During the Great Patriotic War, transportation along Ladoga was the only link between the besieged Leningrad and the country. During navigation, transportation was carried out by the Ladoga Flotilla, and in winter a motor road was laid on the ice of the lake, called the Road of Life. In total, during the blockade period, about 1 million people were evacuated to the rear through Lake Ladoga and 1.7 million tons of cargo were transported.
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- Lake Ladoga is the largest freshwater lake in Europe, with a length of 219 km and a maximum width of 138 km. The northern and eastern parts of the reservoir belong to Karelia. Western, Southeastern and South coast Lake Ladoga is located in the Leningrad region. The lake holds 908 km³ of water. Replenishment water resources occurs mainly due to 35 inflowing rivers. Only one river flows out of Ladoga - the Neva.
- For Russia, Ladoga has always been of strategic importance: an important part of the waterway "from the Varangians to the Greeks" passed through its open spaces in the 9th century. A documentary mention of the “great Lake Nevo” (as Lake Ladoga was called in the old days) is first found in the Old Russian chronicle dated 1228. The first capital before Kievan Rus was located near the confluence of the Volkhov River into Lake Ladoga.
- The bottom of Ladoga to this day keeps numerous interesting and valuable artifacts belonging to different time periods. The ancient Vikings, soldiers of the Northern and Great Patriotic Wars, left their mark. Of course, first of all, Lake Ladoga hides traces of the Second World War. A vivid example of this is "Death Bay". In this place in August 1941 there was an urgent evacuation of rifle and motorized Soviet divisions. For two weeks, under fierce artillery and mortar fire, the ships were removed from the shore of the fighters. The small bay was literally bombarded with shells. Until now, the entire bottom of the lake is covered with a layer of shells, shell fragments and iron.
- Many sites near Lake Ladoga have been preserved in their original beauty. In the picturesque faults of harsh rocks, peeps ancient history this edge. Islands, rocky shoals, mountain slopes covered with pine forests were once covered by the waters of a prehistoric sea that stretched north to the ocean.
About 60 species of fish live in Lake Ladoga, of which 30 are of commercial importance. Ladoga is a predominantly salmon reservoir. Salmonids include almost all valuable commercial fish: salmon, trout, char, vendace. Other valuable fish include whitefish, grayling and smelt. About one third of the species living in the lake are cyprinids - roach, ide, bream, syrt. Most of the species live in the lake permanently, and only some of them, such as the Baltic sturgeon, Baltic salmon, Neva lamprey, sea eel, sometimes enter Ladoga from the Baltic and the Gulf of Finland. In the past, sterlet was found in Lake Ladoga, now it is gone. In recent years, new fish have appeared in the lake - carp and peled. Carp came from Lake Ilmen, where it was released in 1952-1953, and peled - from the lakes of the Karelian Isthmus, where it has been bred since 1958. Local lake salmon is an exceptionally valuable fish. Its weight reaches 10 kg. The best salmon fishing spots are in the northern part of the lake. However, fishing has been banned since 1960, as the salmon herd is recovering very slowly. The reason for the slow resumption is a sharp deterioration in spawning conditions; rivers are littered with timber rafting, Vuoksa is polluted, poachers cause great damage on Stormy, Svir is blocked by hydroelectric dams.
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Ladoga lake. Interdisciplinary project "ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF LADOGA LAKE". Subjects: ecology, biology, chemistry, geography.
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PROBLEMS OF LADOGA LADOGA» Subjects: ecology, biology, chemistry, geography. The purpose of the project: to study the degree of water pollution of Lake Ladoga, identify the causes of pollution, propose measures to improve the ecological state of the reservoir with the involvement of environmental organizations.
Working in a team of 6 people. Preparation of the layout of Ladoga as a visual aid for the lessons of ecology, geography. Preparation of a theoretical substantiation of the issue (study of the history and geography of the lake, biological and chemical-ecological aspects of the life of the reservoir).
Stage 1: study of specialized literature, information from the Internet, personal trips to Ladoga, photographing the lake and the surrounding nature. Stage 2: identification of sources of pollution and description of environmental activities in the territory of Lake Ladoga (presentation). Stage 3: organization and presentation at the city interactive event “Save natural heritage!” dedicated to Earth Day.
The environmental situation on Ladoga was proposed to eliminate garbage dumps on the territory of Lake Ladoga, to install containers. local enterprises were invited to install smoke detectors and treatment facilities.
Lake Ladoga About 600 industrial enterprises (Volkhov chemical plant, boiler houses, petrochemical plants, as well as vehicles, burning landfills), including pulp and paper mills (Syask pulp and paper mill, Svetogorsk and Priozersky (closed in 1986) paper mills) and several hundred agricultural enterprises discharge industrial effluents into Ladoga and its tributaries. Ladoga is considered a moderately polluted body of water, it has been assigned class III.
Volkhov Chemical Plant MorozovskyChemical Plant on the map Okhta Chemical Plant
Chemical plant When the Volkhov aluminum plant was being built, no one was worried about the problem of Ladoga. Moreover, it was believed that nitrogen and phosphorus are food for algae, and therefore for everything that lives in the lake. They did not think about the problems of eutrophication then, but it was nitrogen and phosphorus that brought the lake to the brink of death. In the late 80s and early 90s, the Volkhov Stream annually brought “water” to Ladoga, each liter of which contained 45 milligrams of phosphates, 12.5 milligrams of sulfates, 0.21 milligrams of fluorine ... Such a “gift” is capable of killing all living things. It is estimated that about 7,000 tons of phosphorus enter the lake every year.
Chemical plant Fluoroplast is a polymeric material obtained by chemical means. Fluoroplastic contains fluorine atoms, due to which it has high chemical resistance. The strongest oxidizing agents do not affect it even at high temperatures. Fluoroplastic is poorly soluble or insoluble in many organic solvents, insoluble in water and not wetted by it. Fluoroplast is intended for the manufacture of products and films with high dielectric properties, resistance to strong aggressive environments and operating at temperatures up to plus 260 degrees Celsius.
Plant "Ladoga" Trailer Company on the map Sredne-Nevsky Shipbuilding Plant
Trailers Products: Tank trucks for transportation of gasoline and diesel fuel. Tank trucks with thermal insulation for transportation of fuel oil, bitumen, oil. Tank semi-trailers for transportation of gasoline and diesel fuel. Tank semi-trailers for transportation of oil, fuel oil, bitumen. .Aluminum tank semi-trailers for the transportation of gasoline and diesel fuel.
The plant At present, the plant is building missile boats, minesweepers, passenger and work vessels for various purposes and is preparing for the large-scale construction of a new generation of anti-mine ships. It is the main pollutant of Ladoga with oil products.
The ichthyofauna of Lake Ladoga is represented by 14 families: lamprey, sturgeon, salmon, grayling, smelt, pike, carp, loach, catfish, eel, cod, stickleback, perch and sculpin. There are 53 all types and varieties of fish in Ladoga.
Skerries off the northwestern and northern shores of Lake Ladoga. Until 2009 it was natural Park, and on this moment it is considered a national park.
Correctly say: do not spit in the well. “Lake Ladoga may soon become unsuitable for drinking water supply,” the head of Vodokanal SPb believes. Ladoga is the only source of drinking water supply for St. Petersburg.” And not only for St. Petersburg. In total, it supplies drinking water to approximately 15-20 million people. The draft law "On the protection of Lake Ladoga" for the second time reached the State Duma. Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi. The first Russian painter who painted a picture of Lake Ladoga in 1873 A.I. Kuindzhi
Was selected from the sites: Worked on the project: Students: Gudzyk N. Shevchenko A. Zimarina A. Romanova N. Ershova A. Yanush S. Ermakov P. Supervisor: Balysheva I.L. www.moominclub.ru Ladoga-art.html. Ladoga-park.ru\content www.ecosystema.ru