Ural mountains. The story about the mountains The most interesting thing to tell about the mountains
Surely everyone knows what grief is coming speech. Of course, about Elbrus. But did you know that just one and a half kilometers from the top there is a hotel where you can stay? And TravelAsk knows and will tell you about it. And about many other things.
5 kilometers and 600 meters above ground level
Elbrus is the highest peak in Russia. And since the border between Europe and Asia is not very clear, it is often called the most high mountain Europe.
The summit is located in the Caucasus on the border of the republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia. This is a classic stratovolcano: it has a conical shape, which it acquired as a result of multiple eruptions.
Elbrus has two peaks, and both are high: 5642 and 5621 respectively. The distance between these two peaks is approximately 3 kilometers.
For the first time the mountain was measured in 1813 by the Russian academician Vikenty Karlovich Vishnevsky.
Why Elbrus
Elbrus had about ten names. So the indigenous people of this territory admired the huge size of the mountain. In the Karachay-Balkarian language, Elbrus is called “Mingi-tau”, which means “resembling a thousand mountains” or “a mountain of thousands”. Another name sounds a little different: “Minge-tau”, which means “mountain saddled”. The Turks called the mountain "Jinpadishah", which means "master of spirits", the Abkhazians - "Orfi-tub" ("mountain of the blessed"), the Georgians "Yal-Buz" ("snow mane").
There are also several versions about the origin of the modern name: perhaps it comes from the Iranian "aytibares", which means "high mountain". It is likely that the origins of the name lie in the language of the Zends, one of the tribes of Iran: "Elbrus" means "brilliant".
When is the best time to climb
In July and August, Elbrus has the most stable weather. The air temperature here is about -8 degrees. However, as it rises, it can drop to -30 degrees. Winters here are very hard and long: from October to April. During this period, it is better to warm yourself at home under the covers and drink hot chocolate, otherwise the rise can end in sad consequences, including death.
Conquering the summit takes about a week. Moreover, civilization has made this path easier: there are cable car, which will take you directly to the "Bochki" shelter. It is located at an altitude of 3750 meters. The camp got its name for its insulated wagons that are located here: they look like barrels.
There are ten of them, each trailer can accommodate six people. There is also a specially equipped kitchen. This is where the ascent begins.
The next camp is located at an altitude of about 4000 meters. Once there was a hotel "Shelter of Eleven", but it burned down, and the building was never restored.
But not far from it is the operating eco-hotel Leap-Rus.
It was designed by Italian architects and has all the amenities: water, electricity and even internet. The price of one night will cost 3250 rubles per bed.
History of conquest
The very first person to climb Elbrus was Russian General Georgy Emmanuel. He conquered the mountain in 1829 with a whole group of people from the scientific world: geologists, physicists, zoologists.
The western summit, which is higher, was subdued much later, after more than 40 years, in 1874. English climbers ascended here with a guide who participated in the first expedition in 1829.
The first person who visited both peaks of Elbrus was the topographer A.V. Shepherds. He climbed to the western summit in 1890, and in 1896 to the eastern one. He made up detailed maps mountains.
stratovolcano
Elbrus is an extinct volcano. In this area long time Neanderthals lived. However, after the eruptions that were 45 thousand years ago, they left the mountain in search of a more favorable place of residence.
Research has shown that last eruption Elbrus was in the 50s of our era.
Fact #1. It was to Elbrus that Zeus chained Prometheus for his “trick”: he gave fire to people.
Fact #2. During the Great patriotic war the German division "Edelweiss" captured the mountain bases, including the "Shelter of Eleven". Nazi banners were erected on the mountain, and enthusiastic articles were written in German newspapers that both peaks were taken. The mountain was planned to be renamed "Hitler's Peak". All participants of the ascent were awarded with a token with such an inscription.
Fact #3. In honor of the 400th anniversary of Kabardino-Balkaria, 400 climbers climbed Elbrus at the same time in 1956.
Fact #4. In 1991, Shelter of Eleven's toilet was named the worst toilet in the world by Outside Magazine.
Fact #5. Elbrus is one of the most dangerous peaks in the world. Accidents happen here regularly, in 2004 alone 48 people died here.
Fact #6. In 1997, the mountain was conquered by car: this was done by the Russian traveler Alexander Abramov. Land Rover was specially equipped for this purpose.
Fact #7. Elbrus is included in the list of "Seven Peaks" - a list of the highest peaks on the planet.
Fact #8. There are 22 glaciers on Mount Elbrus. They form the sources of three rivers: Baksan, Malka and Kuban.
Fact #9. The view radius on the mountain is constantly changing. It depends on weather and pressure. Sometimes from here you can see two seas at once: the Caspian and the Black.
Fact #10. Elbrus is considered one of the 7 wonders of the world in Russia.
Who else is in the top three?
In second and third place are all the same peaks of the Caucasus: Mount Dykhtau with a height of 5204 meters and Mount Koshtantau with a height of 5152 meters.
Beautiful God's creation these mountains.
Before the mountains were born, and You formed the earth and the universe, and from everlasting to everlasting You are God. (Ps. 89:3)
Earth has at least at least 100 mountains, whose height from sea level exceeds 7200 meters, all of them are located in the central and South Asia. The total height of the first ten is approximately 83.78 kilometers - put on top of each other, they would not “reach out” for only 16.22 kilometers to the official border of space.
The word "mountains" occurs 217 times in the Bible.
Mount Sodom is a hill that stretches along the southwest coast Dead Sea in Israel. It is notable for the fact that it consists almost entirely of rock salt. It is approximately 8 km long, 5 km wide, reaches 226 m above the Dead Sea and 170 m below sea level. Due to weathering, significant parts are sometimes separated from the main massif. One of these free-standing columns has long been called "Lot's Wife", reminiscent of the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah described in the Bible.
in the Khabarovsk Territory mountain range Conder, unique in that it has the shape of an almost perfect ring. Interesting that it's not a crater extinct volcano, but the result of magmatic intrusion. In this process, igneous rock emerges from the deep layers of the earth.
First scientific measurement of the height of Mount Everest was carried out in 1856. The result was exactly 29,000 feet (equivalent to 8,839 meters). Given that round figures are rare in nature, and wishing to avoid accusations of approximate measurements, scientists declared 29,002 feet as the height of the mountain.
Mount Ararat, which is considered a symbol of Armenia and depicted on the coat of arms of this country. However, it is located in Turkey.
Well known stone carved heads American presidents were the result of the work of sculptors in the period 1925-1941. The original monument to Washington, Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt was designed by sculptor Gotzum Borglum. After his death, the work was continued by his son, but soon, due to a stop in funding, the project was completely discontinued. The monument to the presidents was declared completed, despite the original intention to portray the leaders of the nation to the waist.
Talking about interesting facts about the mountains we should mention the Austrian lake Grüner, surrounded by mountains. IN winter time the depth of the lake does not exceed two meters. There is a nice park around the lake. In spring, sometimes the snow in the mountains begins to melt, feeding the lake with new water. By May, the depth of the lake increases to 12 meters and the water covers benches, paths and even tree crowns. Thanks to the crystal clear water, the lake with a flooded park turns into a popular diving spot.
The Himalayas are the highest among the highest mountain ranges on the planet.
"Himalayas" in translation from the Hindi language means "abode (kingdom) of snows." Indeed, in terms of the scale of snow, firn and ice cover, in terms of their thickness, the Himalayas are a real kingdom of snows. The Himalayas are huge. With a total length of more than 2400 km, in some areas they reach a width of 350 km. This powerful uplift of the earth's crust, according to research scientists, is still undergoing mountain-building processes and slowly continues to rise.
Mount Everest also has other names! In Tibet it is known as "Chomolungma" or "Qomolangma". The Chinese translated her name as "Shèngmǔ Fēng", but it is rarely used. locals in Darjeeling they call it "Deodungha", which means "Holy Mountain".
Mountains illuminated by the morning sun, Greece.
In some high mountainous areas, such as California's Sierra Nevada, in the summer you can see watermelon snow. It is pink in color and has the smell and taste of watermelon. This phenomenon is due to the presence of Chlamydomonas nivalis algae in the snow, which contain the red pigment astaxanthin. These algae also serve as food for some organisms, including ice worms. They can only live in glaciers low temperatures, and when heated to at least 5 ° C, they disintegrate and die.
MOUNT OF ELEON (mountain of olives, olive; Zech 14:4, Lk 19:37) - one of the Judean mountains lying to the c. from Jerusalem, from which it is separated by the Kidron Valley (John 18:1). There is no doubt that it got its name from olive or oil-bearing trees, which have grown in abundance around it since ancient times and centuries-old specimens of which can still be seen on the western slope of the mountain in the Garden of Gethsemane.
most high point Africa is a mountain Kilimanjaro. Its height is 5895 meters above sea level.
Did you know that in the Guinness Book of Records, the record for the “highest mountain” on Earth does not belong to Everest (Chomolungma). In fact, the highest mountain on Earth is Mauna Kea (translated from Hawaiian - " white mountain”), which is located on the island of Hawaii. Mauna Kea is a volcano that occupies almost a quarter of the island.
It rises “only” 4,205 meters above sea level, but from the base, which is hidden by the water of Mauna Kea, it rises by as much as 10,205 meters - an absolute record for the height of the mountain. Everest remains the highest mountain above sea level - 8.848 m.
The highest mountain in the world, which has not yet submitted to man, is considered Gangkhar Puensum in Bhutan with an altitude of 7570 meters.
The Bible mentions the mountains of Ararat: "And the ark landed on the mountains of Ararat." It was from these mountains that mankind was born after the Flood.
The Austrian part of the Alps occupies 62% of the total land area of this European country.
Cracks in the rock can reach a depth of 50 meters. Appearing, they seem to cut the ice. In connection with this phenomenon, separate ice blocks are formed, the so-called seracs (tops of glaciers). Water, which has such a harmless appearance, can split a mountain, as soon as it penetrates into its crevice.
The higher we climb the mountains, the higher the temperature becomes lower. It drops 6.5 degrees every 1000 meters. However, in winter, we can sometimes shiver from the cold on the plateau, while at the height it will be quite warm. The temperature difference in exceptional cases can be up to 20 degrees. This phenomenon is due to clouds forming at an altitude of 1000 m, which resist the penetration of the sun's rays below and thus do not allow the valley to warm up as well as the highlands.
If you climb to the top of Everest, you will find yourself at the upper limit of the troposphere.
The city of Wichiproof in the Australian state of Victoria claims that the mountain of the same name in it is the smallest in the world. Its height is 43 meters. There is no generally accepted definition of a mountain, but in many countries objects with a height of more than 609 meters are considered mountains.
Victoria Popova
Abstract of the complex lesson "What the mountains tell about"
Subject: About what mountains tell.
Educational - continue to introduce children to inanimate nature, give basic information about mountains: what are mountains who lives in the mountains, what grows, what they are made of mountains; Introduce the words - magma, vent, lava.
Educational
To develop cognitive interest, the ability to analyze, compare, generalize, draw simple conclusions.
To develop the cognitive activity of children in the process of independent implementation of the experiment.
nurturing: Encourage children to draw conclusions on their own.
- Guess the riddle: Stands on one leg, turns, turns his head, shows us countries, mountains, rivers, oceans.
What is this? (It's a globe)
-Consider a globe. Why is the globe painted in different colors (brown mountains, green - plains and forests, blue - seas, yellow - deserts)
show on the globe mountains. A video message is played in which the mistress of the mountains invites the children to discover the secrets she has hidden in envelopes.
What do you think mountains can tell about themselves?
The children come to the table on which the envelope lies, the teacher takes out the task from it.
In front of us on the table are stones of various shapes and sizes. arrange them so that the old stones are in one basket. And the young in the other. (Children examining the stones, distributed in baskets)
Explain your choice. (children explain: pointed stones are young, and smooth are old. They became so from time to time thanks to the wind and water)
Guys, can we figure out what mountains old, and which young (children consider photo depicting mountains, explaining where the old mountains where the young
Now we move on to the next envelope.
Look at this diagram. What do we see? Mountains these are giant folds of the earth's crust, that is, skin. They consist of layers of various rocks. Some rocks are hard while others are soft. Soft rocks are easily affected by rain and wind. Because of this, collapses occur in the mountains, gorges, cliffs, canyons are formed.
-Solid: granite, coal, diamonds, silicon, malachite.
-Soft: chalk, gypsum, asbestos.
Minerals are mined in different ways. Some in open pits, others deep underground in mines.
Guys, is it possible to find shells in the mountains? It turns out you can. Mountains once were coral reefs and are now far from the sea. Since that time, shells have been preserved in the rocks. The highest mountain in the world, Everest, is located in Himalayan mountains. What mountains of Russia do you know the names of? (Caucasian mountains, Ural).
Here is another secret about minerals discovered.
Let's move on to the next envelope.
Look carefully at these pictures. (they depict animals and birds, trees and shrubs located in the mountains) Please tell me how these pictures are connected with the mountains? (Children express their opinions.) The answer is obvious - in the mountains there are not only stones, but also vegetation, animals and birds.
I see you are a little tired. I suggest doing a workout.
Children perform characteristic movements.
And now the next envelope is on our way. We open.
Look here for items that were used by blacksmiths in antiquity. I I will tell you about the fire-breathing mountains. These mountains called volcanoes. And they called them volcanoes because they existed legend: (children sit down on the carpet) There lived in the world a god named VOLCANO and he was a blacksmith. He built himself a blacksmith inside the highest mountains. He beat with a heavy hammer on iron, fanned the fire. And the mountain stood in the middle of the sea. When Vulkan worked with a hammer, the mountain trembled, the roar and rumble spread far around. From the hole at the top mountains red-hot stones, fire and ashes flew with a deafening roar. The volcano is working, people said with fear and went away from this place. Since then, they began to call fire-breathing mountains"volcanoes".
Now there are three types on earth volcanoes: Sleepers - who can wake up to explode in fiery lava at any time.
Active - constantly spewing fountains of boiling lava.
Extinct - those that erupted a very long time ago, but are now extinct.
Let's go to the table. It has a model of a volcano. Volcanoes as we see it cone-shaped mountains. If you look from above, you can see a hole - this is a crater, a large bowl with steep slopes, and at the bottom is bright orange - this is a vent-hole that goes deep into the ground. And the fiery liquid coming out of the volcano is lava.
So the historical secret of the mountains was revealed to us.
The next secret is the envelope.
The mistress of the mountains offers us to make a volcano on our own.
Inside the layout is a plastic yogurt cup. 1 teaspoon of soda, a little gouache paint, citric acid, 3 drops of detergent. Consistently mixed and observed. (There will be a simulated volcanic eruption)
But at the bottom of the ocean, when an eruption occurs, the frozen lava can form a cone of such a height that if the top is above the water, then after the volcano goes out there will be an island. Many islands in pacific ocean volcanic origin.
It's good that everyone got a volcano. Did you like the secret mountains?
A video clip is turned on in which the hostess of the mountains says that everyone coped with the tasks. Now they are rewarded for their work. Only in exchange we must remember the secrets that she revealed to us.
I thank you all for today's work.
Guys! Today we will learn about another object that can be found in nature.
Solve the riddle.
She's tall, cool
There is snow at the top
Like a fur hat
And the eagle is circling over it. (Mountain.)
♦ Have you seen mountains?
Mountains are large areas of the earth's surface, elevated high above the adjacent plains. They make an impression on people that will last a lifetime. Each peak is unique, each turn of the gorge seems interesting and attracts. I want to climb the mountains higher and higher, to where snow sparkles on the peaks, glaciers shimmer in the sun, the air is crystal clear and transparent, and from there, from a bird's eye view, look at the world around us.
Mountains rarely stand alone, more often they go in a row one after another, forming ridges. Between them lie mountain valleys where people settle. On the globe, mountains occupy about 40% of the land.
Listen to the poem.
mountain ranges
Mountains lined up
Like heroes, they stand.
They have helmets of ice,
Mountains are powerful, gray-haired
The secret of eternity is kept.
Squall winds are fierce,
Snow avalanches come down
Still the daredevils storm
Inaccessible peaks!
As correctly noted in the poem, climbers conquer the highest peaks of mountains.
♦ What helps them do this?
First of all, the eternal desire of man for new, vivid impressions, courage, appropriate equipment and endless workouts!
Beginners usually start to conquer Mountain peaks under the guidance of an experienced instructor and choose low peaks, with well-known routes.
♦ Would you like to become climbers? Why?
The most mountainous continent is Eurasia. Here are the highest mountains - the Himalayas, the Pamirs, the Tien Shan. By the way, Tien Shan means "heavenly mountains" in Chinese.
The mountains are different in appearance. There are young mountains and there are old ones. The old mountains have rounded peaks, gentle slopes overgrown with greenery; in young ones, the peaks are sharp, rocky, steep, the slopes are steep. The peaks are covered with snow and ice.
An example of young mountains is the Alps, the Caucasus, the Pamirs, the Himalayas. On the slopes of the mountains you can see giant boulders. Under the influence of wind, water, temperature difference - day and night - the rocks are destroyed, weathered. The weathering of rocks is very slow - millions of years. As a result of destruction, the upper layer of the mountain is crushed and gradually becomes the basis for the formation of soil and the appearance of plants.
Scientists have established that the modern Donbass, now representing a rocky plain, more than 300 million years ago was mountain country with peaks reaching five kilometers!
At the foot of the mountains or in the valleys between mountain ranges and people live. Proximity majestic mountains, the purest air and melt water of mountain rivers and streams, the wonderful beauty of green mountainous meadows gives their life a special meaning! The mountains are silent and solemn, as if they are thinking their age-old mysterious thought. There is no rush, no fuss. Life flows smoothly and calmly, in harmony with nature.
Perhaps that is why centenarians most often live in mountainous areas. They are wise and calm, as the mountains themselves are wise.
Listen to the poem.
How wise nature is silent!
In silence the fields ripen in the sun.
Forest black lakes are silent,
The mountains are silent, embraced by a deep thought.
But in the silence of age-old nature
Everything is permeated with living thought.
Answer the questions
1. What are mountains?
2. What do they look like?
3. What is a mountain range?
4. Where are the mountain valleys located?
5. Do people live in the mountains? Where do they build their houses?
6. What is the most mountainous continent on Earth?
7. Which mountains are called young and which are old? What is the difference?
8. Name the highest mountains in the world.
9. Why do mountains weather?
10. What does it lead to?
Many poems and songs are dedicated to mountains. They attract not only writers, but also artists and filmmakers - no one is alien to romance. Here are some interesting facts about mountains.
The peak of the highest mountain on Earth - Everest, is located at an altitude of 8848 meters above sea level. The first climbers reached this peak at half past eleven in the morning on May 29, 1953. They were Edmund Hillary from New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay, his Sherpa guide. Tenzing later claimed that it was Edmund Hillary who first climbed the mountain.
The Konder mountain range is located in the Khabarovsk Territory, unique in that it has the shape of an almost perfect ring. Interestingly, this is not the crater of an extinct volcano, but the result of a magmatic intrusion. In this process, igneous rock emerges from the deep layers of the earth.
Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest point in Africa. Its height is 5895 meters above sea level.
Talking about interesting facts about the mountains, we should mention the Austrian lake Gruner, surrounded by mountains. In winter, the depth of the lake does not exceed two meters. There is a nice park around the lake. In spring, sometimes the snow in the mountains begins to melt, feeding the lake with new water. By May, the depth of the lake increases to 12 meters and the water covers benches, paths and even tree crowns. Thanks to the crystal clear water, the lake with a flooded park turns into a popular diving spot.
Angel Falls (meaning "angel"), falling from the top of Mount Auyantepui, is considered the highest in the world. The mountain that gives it its beginning, translated from the dialect of local Indians, is translated as "mountain of the devil."
The well-known stone-carved heads of American presidents were the result of the work of sculptors in the period 1925-1941. The original monument to Washington, Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt was designed by sculptor Gotzum Borglum. After his death, the work was continued by his son, but soon, due to a stop in funding, the project was completely discontinued. The monument to the presidents was declared completed, despite the original intention to portray the leaders of the nation to the waist.
The Austrian part of the Alps occupies 62% of the total land area of this European country.
Mount Ararat, considered the symbol of Armenia and depicted on the coat of arms of this country, is not located in Armenia. Part of the territory of Armenia with the mountain in 1921 went to Turkey.
The first scientific measurement of the height of Mount Everest was carried out in 1856. The result was exactly 29,000 feet (equivalent to 8,839 meters). Given that round figures are rare in nature, and wishing to avoid accusations of approximate measurements, scientists declared 29,002 feet as the height of the mountain.
There are many mysteries associated with mountains. The height of Mount Kailash is 6666 meters. The distance from this mountain to the English monument Stonehenge is 6666 km. People living near Kailash age much faster (their 12 hours are equal to two weeks). Evidence of this is the growth of nails and hair. The mountain has two huge crests-cracks, the shadows from which, especially in the late afternoon, form an image of a huge swastika.
In some parts of Indonesia, China and the Philippines, there are burials in the form of coffins nailed to the rocks. One of the Chinese national minorities, the Bo people, consider the mountains the most suitable place for burials. This is explained by their belief that the mountains are a ladder leading from the earthly to the heavenly world.
The entrance to the Lemaire Canal in Antarctica is marked by a rock with two peaks, which has an official designation on maps as Una "s Tits, which means "Una's breasts." The peaks got their name in honor of an employee of one of the British Antarctic expeditions. This native of the Falkland Islands wore Una's name.
Interesting video. Noah's Ark found on Mount Ararat: