The most famous travelers and their discoveries briefly. Five ancient travelers who changed the world
Pyotr Beketov (1600 - after 1661) - Russian explorer of the 17th century, explorer of Siberia.
One of the most exemplary "Russian conquistadors", who honestly served his cause and did not get involved in any adventures, Beketov was the founder of several Russian cities.
Biography
Almost nothing is known about the early years of the life of many prominent personalities of the 17th century; Pyotr Beketov is no exception in this sense. Information about him appears only in the 1620s, when he got a job as an archer in the civil service.
Some time later, in 1627, Beketov sent a petition to the tsar, in which he asked to be given the position of centurion in order to have at least some decent salary.
Vasily Poyarkov is one of the discoverers of Siberia. He made a huge contribution to the development of these lands.
In the 17th century, the Russian Empire dreamed of annexing Siberia to its lands. It was a huge and rich territory, where many peoples lived.
Special expeditions were assembled to study and annex the Siberian lands. One of them was headed by Vasily Poyarkov.
Years of life
Accurate information about the years of life of Vasily Poyarkov has not been preserved. Only documentary sources have survived to this day, in which there is information about his activities. They date back to 1610-1667.
Vasily Ermolaevich Bugor was an Arctic navigator and one of the pioneers of Siberia.
He explored unexplored territories, helping the Yenisei governor A. Oshanin.
Years of life
The exact years of Bugor's life are unknown, but historians believe that he was born around 1600 and died in 1668.
Biography of Bugor
Bugor did not have a noble origin. He was a Cossack foreman, participated in the construction of prisons and the study of Siberia.
Mikhail Stadukhin is a explorer and polar navigator of the 17th century who explored North-Eastern Siberia, a man who was one of the first to visit the north of the Sea of Okhotsk, as well as the Kolyma, Gizhiga, Penzhina and Anadyr rivers.
The geographical discoveries of M. Stadukhin became a huge contribution to the discovery and study of the Russian coast of the Arctic and the Pacific Ocean.
Years of life of Mikhail Stadukhin
Date of birth unknown, died 1666.
Biography of Mikhail Stadukhin
It is not known for certain what year Mikhail Stadukhin was born. Presumably, the Russian explorer was born into a family of Pomors in one of the villages on the Pinega River.
The development of Siberia in the 17th century is often presented as the most important event in the history of Russia in modern times.
It is referred to as the Russian analogue of the Great Geographical Discoveries European world and conquest of the New World.
In part, this is a fair comparison. In the context of the emergence of the all-Russian market and the rise of the economy, the development of new trade routes is an important stage in the development of the country.
S. I. Chelyuskin is a sea traveler, researcher, member of a long-term expedition, who made serious geographical discoveries that were ignored during his lifetime.
Origin
Chelyuskin's ancestors (according to the documents of the 17th century - Chelyustkins) were at first quite successful people, held important positions, were well promoted, were rich
But under Peter the Great, Semyon Ivanovich's father fell into disgrace (he was among the rebellious Moscow archers) and until the end of his life his family vegetated in the wilderness, barely making ends meet.
Exact information about where and when S. I. Chelyuskin was born has not yet been found, approximately 1700.
Education
In 1714, the noble undergrowth Semyon Chelyuskin was admitted to a Moscow school, where boys were taught exact and navigational sciences. Here, the future researcher comprehended the wisdom of mathematics, geography, astronomy.
He was a smart and diligent student. In 1721, after graduating, he was recommended for a certificate for navigational activity.
Yu. F. Lisyansky - an outstanding Russian navigator, who, together with Kruzenshtern, made trip around the world.
Youth
Y. Lisyansky was born in the Little Russian city of Nizhyn in a simple family of a priest in 1773. Since childhood, he dreamed of the sea, so he entered the Naval Cadet Corps and successfully graduated from it. By appointment, he served on the frigate "Podrazhislav" as part of the squadron of Admiral S.K. Greig. He was a participant in Gogland and several other naval battles in the war with the Swedes, served as a volunteer in the British fleet, participated in battles with the French on the shores of North America, sailed to the Antilles and India.
circumnavigation
Returning to his homeland, Lisyansky was appointed commander of the Neva sloop. This ship was sent on a round-the-world expedition under the leadership of I.F. Kruzenshtern, who commanded the second Nadezhda sloop. These two Russian ships left their homeland in the middle of summer 1803 from Kronstadt. In November 1804, Yu. F. Lisyansky and I. F. Kruzenshtern were the first in history Russian fleet crossed the equator. In February of the same year, both ships bypassed Cape Horn, entering the Pacific waters. Here the ships separated.
Khariton Prokofievich Laptev is one of the largest Russian polar explorers. The future conqueror of the Arctic was born in the village of Pekarevo, located near Pskov, in 1700. In 1715, young Laptev entered the St. Petersburg Naval Academy, which he successfully completed three years later and entered the fleet as a midshipman. In 1726 he was promoted to midshipman. In 1734, he took part in the war against Stanislav Leshchinsky, who had been proclaimed the Polish king a year earlier.
The Mitava frigate, on which Laptev served, is captured by the French in the course of hostilities, who resorted to deception for this. Upon returning to his homeland, Laptev, along with the rest of the Mitava officers, is sentenced to death for surrendering the ship without a fight, but the crew is found not guilty in time. After this misunderstanding, Khariton Prokofievich returns to the service. In 1737 he was promoted to lieutenant, and was appointed commander of a detachment in the Great Northern Expedition. The purpose of the campaign was to explore the Arctic coast between the Lena and the Yenisei, another great Russian polar explorer, Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev, a cousin of Khariton Prokofievich, also took part in it. In the early spring of 1738, members of the expedition arrived in Yakutsk.
Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev is a famous Russian traveler who, together with his cousin Khariton Prokofievich Laptev, became famous for his polar expeditions.
Born in 1701 into a family of small landed nobles in the village of Bolotovo, Pskov province. In 1715, together with his cousin, he began studying at the Naval Academy in St. Petersburg. Upon graduation in 1718, Laptev was promoted to midshipman on one of the ships of the Kronstadt squadron.
In 1721 he received the rank of midshipman, and in 1724 he became a non-commissioned lieutenant. From 1727 to 1729 he commanded the frigate Saint James.
The biography of the great polar explorer Georgy Yakovlevich Sedov is unusual and tragic. He was born in 1877 in a small Azov village, today this village bears the name of the great polar explorer. George with early years learned hard work. His father, a simple Azov fisherman, went missing for several years. The boy had to work to feed his mother and eight brothers and sisters. He did not have time to learn to read and write, and until the age of 14 he could neither read nor write.
After his father returned home, in two years he graduated from the parochial school and ran away from home. What the boy did in that life and how he made his way to the desired goal is little known. But at the age of 21, Georgy Sedov received a diploma as a long-distance navigator. At the age of 24, after successfully passing the exam, he receives the rank of lieutenant.
His first hydrographic expedition was to the North Arctic Ocean. northern ice have long been beckoning a young sailor. He dreamed of conquering the North Pole and proving that a Russian person could do it.
The Russo-Japanese War began, and the expedition to the North Pole had to be postponed. But the idea does not leave him. He writes articles in which he proves that the development of the Northern Sea Route is necessary for Russia. He worked on the Caspian Sea, in the Kolyma, explored the Krestovaya Bay in Novaya Zemlya.
9 chose
If you think that with the departure of the Age of Discovery, outstanding travelers have sunk into oblivion, then you are mistaken! Our contemporaries also made the most amazing journeys. Among them are scientists who went in search of confirmation of their theories, explorers of the deep sea, and just adventurers who ventured to travel around the world alone or with like-minded people. Many documentaries have been created about their travels, and thanks to them, we can see the whole world through their eyes, real, alive, full of dangers and adventures.
Jacques-Yves Cousteau
Captain Cousteau is a famous French explorer of the World Ocean, author of books and films, inventor. The oceans revealed many of its secrets, showed the beauty of its depths still inaccessible to people for a huge number of diving enthusiasts. We can say that Captain Cousteau is the father of modern diving, because it was he who created the main apparatus for diving. Doing research underwater world our planet, Cousteau created the famous floating laboratory "Callisto" and the first submersible "Denise". Jacques-Yves Cousteau captivated millions of people, showing them on movie screens how beautiful the underwater world is, giving them the opportunity to see what was still inaccessible to man.
Thor Heyerdahl
The name of the most famous Norwegian of the 20th century is spelled "Thor" in his native language, just like the name of one of the main gods of Norse mythology, Thor. He made many trips on makeshift watercrafts of contacts between ancient civilizations. Heyerdahl proved in practice his theory about visiting residents South America the islands of Polynesia, as the scientific world did not perceive his ideas. Together with his team, in 101 days, having sailed 4300 miles, he reached the atoll of Raroia. It was one of his most famous voyages, the Kon-Tiki Expedition, on a makeshift raft. The film he shot during his trip won an Oscar in 1951. And in 1969, he went on a new dangerous expedition on a papyrus boat to prove, to prove the possibility of crossing the Atlantic Ocean by African peoples. However, the first journey of Thor Heyerdahl on the boat "Ra" ended in failure, the boat sank, not reaching just 600 miles from the island of Barbados. A year later, the stubborn Norwegian repeated his journey and sailed from Morocco to Barbados in 57 days. By the way, our compatriot Yuri Senkevich was the doctor on this expedition. Heyerdahl later visited Maldives, in Peru and Tenerife.
Yuri Senkevich
The popular TV presenter of the "Club of Travelers" program Yuri Senkevich was included in the list of the most famous travelers not only as the doctor of the Thor Heyerdahl expedition. His "track record" of the traveler is respected:
as a medical researcher, Senkevich was trained to participate in a space flight, participated in the 12th Antarctic expedition to the Vostok station in order to study human behavior in extreme conditions, traveled on the papyrus boat "Ra", then on the "Ra-2" and V Indian Ocean on the Tigris. Millions of Soviet TV viewers were able to see the world, as they joked then "through the eyes of Senkevich." By the way, the program "Cinema Travel Club", the program was listed in the Guinness Book of Records.
Nikolai Drozdov
More than 40 years ago, Nikolai Nikolaevich Drozdov became the host of the popular TV show "In the Animal World". An avid traveler, a "gallant know-it-all", who spends hours talking about animals as the most wonderful and beautiful creatures in the world - be it an elephant, a bug, or even a poisonous snake. An amazing and wonderful person, the idol of millions of viewers of our country, listening to stories about interesting facts from the life of birds, reptiles, domestic and wild animals, about the beauty of our nature - and incomparable pleasure, because only a person in love with life can tell like that. Interesting fact about Nikolai Nikolayevich himself - his great-great-great-grandfather was Metropolitan Filaret of Moscow, and his maternal great-great-grandfather Ivan Romanovich von Dreiling was an orderly of Field Marshal Mikhail Kutuzov.
Nikolai Drozdov traveled the whole world, all zoological and National parks, studying the habitats and habits of animals in natural conditions, climbed Elbrus, participated in a long expedition on the research vessel Callisto and in the first Soviet expedition to Everest, twice went to the North Pole, passed along the Northern Sea Route on an icebreaker " Yamal", sailed along the coasts of Alaska and Canada on the "Discoverer".
Fedor Konyukhov
A lone traveler who cut what seemed impossible to conquer, more than once overcame a path that could not be walked alone - the great contemporary Fyodor Konyukhov. The first among travelers who conquered the North and South Poles, seas, oceans and the highest peaks of the world, which is proved by more than 40 expeditions made by him to the most inaccessible places on our planet. Among them are five round-the-world trips, a solo voyage across the Atlantic (which, by the way, he crossed more than once) on a rowboat. Konyukhov was the first to cross the Pacific Ocean from continent to continent. But the life of our distinguished compatriot is not filled with travel alone - Fedor Konyukhov became the youngest member of the Union of Artists of the USSR and the author of twelve travel books. There were new plans ahead: a flight around the world on hot-air balloon and circumnavigating the world in 80 days for the Jules Verne Cup, as well as diving into Mariana Trench. However, having received the priesthood in 2010, Fedor Konyukhov decided not to travel anymore, but ... the ways of the Lord are inscrutable and the famous traveler is again at the helm. In the spring of this year, he "beat" the Russian record and stayed in the air on a balloon for 19 hours and 10 minutes.
Bear Grylls
Fame came to the young English traveler thanks to the highest-rated television show on the Discovery channel, Survive at Any Cost, which first aired in October 2006. The TV presenter and traveler does not just "entertain" the audience with beautiful views of the most amazing places planet, its goal is to bring to the audience life recommendations that may come in handy in unforeseen situations.
The list of his travels is respectable: he sailed around british isles in thirty days, crossed the North Atlantic in an inflatable boat, flew over the Angel Falls in a steam-powered plane, flew over the Himalayas in a paraglider, led an expedition to one of the furthest unclimbed peaks in Antarctica, and arranged ... a gala dinner in a balloon at an altitude of more than seven thousand meters! Most of Grylls' expeditions are for charitable causes.
Abby Sunderland
Not only men can boast of friendship with the wind of wandering - Abby Sunderland, a young traveler who at the age of 16 alone made a trip around the world on a yacht, will give odds to many men. The determination of Abby's parents is surprising, because they not only allowed her to participate in such a dangerous enterprise, but also helped to prepare for it. Alas, the first start on January 23, 2010 was unsuccessful and Abby made a second attempt on February 6. The journey turned out to be more dangerous than expected: between Australia and Africa, 2 thousand miles from the coast, the yacht's hull was damaged and the engine failed. After this message, communication was interrupted, the search for Abby's yacht was unsuccessful, and she was declared missing. A whole month later, Australian rescuers in the zone of the most severe storm found the lost yacht and Abby alive and unharmed. Who then will say that a woman has no place on a ship?
Jason Lewis
And, finally, the most original of modern travelers, who spent 13 years on a round-the-world trip! Why so long? The simple fact is that Jason refused any kind of technology and all sorts of achievements of civilization. The former janitor, along with his friend Steve Smith, went around the world on a bicycle, boat and rollerblades! The expedition started from Greenwich in 1994, in February 1995 the travelers reached the shores of the United States and after 111 days of sailing decided to cross America separately on roller skates. Lewis had to interrupt the journey for 9 months after an accident. After recovering, Lewis goes to Hawaii, from where he sails on a pedal boat to Australia, where he had to spend some time earning money for his further trip ... selling T-shirts. In 2005, he reaches Singapore, then crosses China and India on a bicycle. By March 2007, he reached Africa and also crossed all of Europe on a bicycle: Romania, Bulgaria, Austria, Germany and Belgium. Having crossed the English Channel, in October 2007, Jason Lewis returned to London.
AMUNDSEN Rual
Travel routes
1903-1906 - Arctic expedition on the ship "Yoa". R. Amundsen was the first to cross the Northwest Passage from Greenland to Alaska and determined the exact position of the North Magnetic Pole at that time.
1910-1912 - Antarctic expedition on the ship "Fram".
On December 14, 1911, a Norwegian traveler with four comrades on a dog sled reached the South Pole of the earth, ahead of the expedition of the Englishman Robert Scott by a month.
1918-1920 - on the ship "Maud" R. Amundsen passed through the Arctic Ocean along the coast of Eurasia.
1926 - together with the American Lincoln Ellsworth and the Italian Umberto Nobile R. Amundsen made a flight on the airship "Norway" along the route Svalbard - North Pole - Alaska.
1928 - during the search for the missing expedition in the Barents Sea, U. Nobile Amundsen died.
Name on a geographical map
The name of the Norwegian traveler is given to a sea in the Pacific Ocean, a mountain in East Antarctica, a bay near the coast of Canada and a basin in the Arctic Ocean.
The US Antarctic Research Station is named after the pioneers: Amundsen-Scott Pole.
Amundsen R. My life. - M.: Geografgiz, 1959. - 166 p.: ill. - (Travel; Adventure; Fantasy).
Amundsen R. South Pole: Per. from Norwegian - M.: Armada, 2002. - 384 p.: ill. - (Green series: Around the world).
Booman-Larsen T. Amundsen: Per. from Norwegian - M.: Mol. guard, 2005. - 520 p.: ill. - (Life is noticed by people).
The chapter dedicated to Amundsen, Y. Golovanov called "Traveling gave me the happiness of friendship ..." (pp. 12-16).
Davydov Yu.V. Captains are looking for a way: Tales. - M.: Det. lit., 1989. - 542 p.: ill.
Pasetsky V.M., Blinov S.A. Roald Amundsen, 1872-1928. - M.: Nauka, 1997. - 201 p. - (Scientific biographical series).
Treshnikov A.F. Roald Amundsen. - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1976. - 62 p.: ill.
Tsentkevich A., Tsentkevich Ch. The Man Called by the Sea: The Tale of R. Amundsen: Per. from est. - Tallinn: Eesti raamat, 1988. - 244 p.: ill.
Yakovlev A.S. Through the Ice: A Tale of a Polar Explorer. - M.: Mol. guard, 1967. - 191 p.: ill. - (Pioneer means first).
Bellingshausen Faddey Faddeevich
Travel routes
1803-1806 - F.F. Bellingshausen took part in the first Russian circumnavigation under the command of I.F. Kruzenshtern on the ship "Nadezhda". All the maps that were subsequently included in the "Atlas of Captain Kruzenshtern's trip around the world" were compiled by him.
1819-1821 - F.F. Bellingshausen led a round-the-world expedition to the South Pole.
On January 28, 1820, on the sloops Vostok (under the command of F.F. Bellingshausen) and Mirny (under the command of M.P. Lazarev), Russian sailors were the first to reach the shores of Antarctica.
Name on a geographical map
In honor of F.F. Bellingshausen, a sea in the Pacific Ocean, a cape on South Sakhalin, an island in the Tuamotu archipelago, an ice shelf and a basin in Antarctica.
The name of the Russian navigator is the Russian Antarctic research station.
Frost V. Antarctica: History of discovery / Khudozh. E. Orlov. - M.: White City, 2001. - 47 p.: ill. - (Russian history).
Fedorovsky E.P. Bellingshausen: East. novel. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2001. - 541 p.: ill. - (Golden library of the source of the novel).
BERING Vitus Jonassen
Danish navigator and explorer in Russian service
Travel routes
1725-1730 - V. Bering led the 1st Kamchatka expedition, the purpose of which was to search for a land isthmus between Asia and America (there was no exact information about the voyage of S. Dezhnev and F. Popov, who actually discovered the strait between the continents in 1648). The expedition on the ship "Saint Gabriel" rounded the shores of Kamchatka and Chukotka, discovered the island of St. Lawrence and the strait (now Bering).
1733-1741 - 2nd Kamchatka, or the Great Northern Expedition. On the ship "Saint Peter" Bering crossed the Pacific Ocean, reached Alaska, explored and mapped its shores. On the way back during wintering on one of the islands (now Commander Islands), Bering, like many members of his team, died.
Name on a geographical map
In addition to the strait between Eurasia and North America, islands, a sea in the Pacific Ocean, a cape on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk and one of the largest glaciers in southern Alaska bear the name of Vitus Bering.
Konyaev N.M. Revision of Commander Bering. - M.: Terra-Kn. club, 2001. - 286 p. - (Fatherland).
Orlov O.P. To unknown shores: A story about the Kamchatka expeditions undertaken by Russian navigators in the 18th century under the leadership of V. Bering / Fig. V.Yudina. - M.: Malysh, 1987. - 23 p.: ill. - (Pages of the history of our Motherland).
Pasetsky V.M. Vitus Bering: 1681-1741. - M.: Nauka, 1982. - 174 p.: ill. - (Scientific biographical series).
The last expedition of Vitus Bering: Sat. - M.: Progress: Pangea, 1992. - 188 p.: ill.
Sopotsko A.A. The history of V. Bering's navigation on the boat "St. Gabriel" to the Arctic Ocean. - M.: Nauka, 1983. - 247 p.: ill.
Chekurov M.V. Mysterious Expeditions. - Ed. 2nd, revised, add. - M.: Nauka, 1991. - 152 p.: ill. - (Man and environment).
Chukovsky N.K. Bering. - M.: Mol. guard, 1961. - 127 p.: ill. - (Life is noticed by people).
VAMBERI Arminius (German)
Hungarian orientalist
Travel routes
1863 - A. Vamberi's journey under the guise of a dervish through Central Asia from Tehran through the Turkmen desert along the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea to Khiva, Mashhad, Herat, Samarkand and Bukhara.
Vambery A. Journey through Central Asia: Per. with him. - M.: Institute of Oriental Studies RAN, 2003. - 320 p. - (Stories about the countries of the East).
Vamberi A. Bukhara, or History of Mavarounnahr: Excerpts from the book. - Tashkent: Lit. and lawsuit, 1990. - 91 p.
Tikhonov N.S. Vambery. - Ed. 14th. - M.: Thought, 1974. - 45 p.: ill. - (Remarkable geographers and travelers).
VANCOUVER George
English navigator
Travel routes
1772-1775, 1776-1780 - J. Vancouver as a cabin boy and midshipman participated in the second and third round-the-world voyages of J. Cook.
1790-1795 - A round-the-world expedition under the command of J. Vancouver explored the northwestern coast of North America. It was determined that the proposed waterway connecting the Pacific Ocean and Hudson Bay did not exist.
Name on a geographical map
Several hundred named in honor of J. Vancouver geographical objects, including island, bay, city, river, ridge (Canada), lake, cape, mountain, city (USA), bay (New Zealand).
Malakhovskiy K.V. In the new Albion. - M.: Nauka, 1990. - 123 p.: ill. - (Stories about the countries of the East).
GAMA Vasco yes
Portuguese navigator
Travel routes
1497-1499 - Vasco da Gama led an expedition that opened for Europeans a sea route to India around the African continent.
1502 - second expedition to India.
1524 - the third expedition of Vasco da Gama, already as Viceroy of India. Died during the expedition.
Vyazov E.I. Vasco da Gama: Discoverer of the sea route to India. - M.: Geographizdat, 1956. - 39 p.: ill. - (Remarkable geographers and travelers).
Camoens L., de. Sonnets; Lusiads: Per. from Portuguese. - M.: EKSMO-Press, 1999. - 477 p.: ill. - (Home library of poetry).
Read the Lusiads.
Kent L.E. They walked with Vasco da Gama: A Tale / Per. from English Z. Bobyr // Fingaret S.I. Great Benin; Kent L.E. They walked with Vasco da Gama; Zweig S. The feat of Magellan: East. story. - M.: TERRA: UNIKUM, 1999. - S. 194-412.
Kunin K.I. Vasco da Gama. - M.: Mol. guard, 1947. - 322 p.: ill. - (Life is noticed by people).
Khazanov A.M. The secret of Vasco da Gama. - M.: Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, 2000. - 152 p.: ill.
Hart G. The Sea Route to India: A Tale of Voyages and Exploits Portuguese sailors, as well as about the life and times of Vasco da Gama, Admiral, Viceroy of India and Count Vidigueira: Per. from English. - M.: Geographizdat, 1959. - 349 p.: ill.
GOLOVNIN Vasily Mikhailovich
Russian navigator
Travel routes
1807-1811 - V.M. Golovnin leads the round-the-world voyage on the sloop "Diana".
1811 - V.M. Golovnin conducts research on the Kuril and Shantar Islands, Tatar Strait.
1817-1819 - circumnavigation on the sloop "Kamchatka", during which a description of a part of the Aleutian ridge and the Commander Islands was made.
Name on a geographical map
Several bays, a strait and a seamount, as well as a city in Alaska and a volcano on Kunashir Island are named after the Russian navigator.
Golovnin V.M. Notes of the fleet of Captain Golovnin about his adventures in captivity with the Japanese in 1811, 1812 and 1813, with the addition of his remarks about the Japanese state and people. - Khabarovsk: Prince. publishing house, 1972. - 525 p.: ill.
Golovnin V.M. Voyage around the world, made on the sloop-of-war "Kamchatka" in 1817, 1818 and 1819 by Captain Golovnin. - M.: Thought, 1965. - 384 p.: ill.
Golovnin V.M. Journey on the sloop "Diana" from Kronstadt to Kamchatka, made under the command of the fleet of Lieutenant Golovnin in 1807-1811. - M.: Geographizdat, 1961. - 480 p.: ill.
Golovanov Ya. Etudes about scientists. - M.: Mol. guard, 1983. - 415 p.: ill.
The chapter devoted to Golovnin is called “I feel a lot…” (pp. 73-79).
Davydov Yu.V. Evenings in Kolmov: The Tale of G. Uspensky; And before your eyes...: Experience of the biography of a sailor-marinist: [About V.M. Golovnin]. - M.: Book, 1989. - 332 p.: ill. - (Writers about writers).
Davydov Yu.V. Golovnin. - M.: Mol. guard, 1968. - 206 p.: ill. - (Life is noticed by people).
Davydov Yu.V. Three Admirals: [About D.N. Senyavin, V.M. Golovnin, P.S. Nakhimov]. - M.: Izvestia, 1996. - 446 p.: ill.
Divin V.A. The Tale of a Glorious Navigator. - M.: Thought, 1976. - 111 p.: ill. - (Remarkable geographers and travelers).
Lebedenko A.G. The sails of the ships rustle: A novel. - Odessa: Mayak, 1989. - 229 p.: ill. - (Marine library).
Firsov I.I. Twice Captured: East. novel. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2002. - 469 p.: ill. - (Golden library of the source of the novel: Russian travelers).
HUMBOLDT Alexander, background
German naturalist, geographer, traveler
Travel routes
1799-1804 - Expedition to Central and South America.
1829 - a journey through Russia: the Urals, Altai, the Caspian Sea.
Name on a geographical map
Ranges in Central Asia are named after Humboldt North America, a mountain on the island of New Caledonia, a glacier in Greenland, a cold current in the Pacific Ocean, a river, a lake and a row settlements in USA.
A number of plants, minerals, and even a crater on the moon are named after the German scientist.
The university in Berlin bears the name of the brothers Alexander and Wilhelm Humboldt.
Zabelin I.M. Return to descendants: A novel-study of the life and work of A. Humboldt. - M.: Thought, 1988. - 331 p.: ill.
Safonov V.A. Alexander Humboldt. - M.: Mol. guard, 1959. - 191 p.: ill. - (Life is noticed by people).
Skurla G. Alexander Humboldt / Abbr. per. with him. G.Shevchenko. - M.: Mol. guard, 1985. - 239 p.: ill. - (Life is noticed by people).
DEZHNEV Semyon Ivanovich
(c. 1605-1673)
Russian explorer, navigator
Travel routes
1638-1648 - S.I. Dezhnev took part in river and land campaigns in the area of the Yana River, on Oymyakon and Kolyma.
1648 - a fishing expedition led by S.I. Dezhnev and F.A. Popov rounded the Chukotka Peninsula and reached the Gulf of Anadyr. Thus, the strait between the two continents was opened, which was later named Bering.
Name on a geographical map
A cape on the northeastern tip of Asia, a ridge in Chukotka and a bay in the Bering Strait are named after Dezhnev.
Bakhrevsky V.A. Semyon Dezhnev / Fig. L. Khailova. - M.: Malysh, 1984. - 24 p.: ill. - (Pages of the history of our Motherland).
Bakhrevsky V.A. Walking to meet the sun: East. story. - Novosibirsk: Prince. publishing house, 1986. - 190 p.: ill. - (Destinies connected with Siberia).
Belov M. The feat of Semyon Dezhnev. - M.: Thought, 1973. - 223 p.: ill.
Demin L.M. Semyon Dezhnev - pioneer: East. novel. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2002. - 444 p.: ill. - (Golden library of the source of the novel: Russian travelers).
Demin L.M. Semyon Dezhnev. - M.: Mol. guard, 1990. - 334 p.: ill. - (Life is noticed by people).
Kedrov V.N. To the End of the World: East. story. - L.: Lenizdat, 1986. - 285 p.: ill.
Markov S.N. Tamo-rus Maclay: Tales. - M.: Sov. writer, 1975. - 208 p.: ill.
Read the story "Dezhnev's Feat".
Nikitin N.I. Pathfinder Semyon Dezhnev and his time. - M.: Rosspan, 1999. - 190 p.: ill.
DRAKE Francis
English navigator and pirate
Travel routes
1567 - F. Drake took part in the expedition of J. Gaukins to the West Indies.
Since 1570 - annual pirate raids in the Caribbean.
1577-1580 - F. Drake led the second round-the-world voyage of Europeans after Magellan.
Name on a geographical map
The name of the brave navigator is the widest strait on the globe, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
Francis Drake / Retelling by D. Berkhin; Artistic L. Durasov. - M.: White City, 1996. - 62 p.: ill. - (History of piracy).
Malakhovskiy K.V. Circumnavigation of the Golden Doe. - M.: Nauka, 1980. - 168 p.: ill. - (Countries and peoples).
The same story can be found in the collection of K. Malakhovsky "Five Captains".
Mason F. van V. Golden Admiral: Novel: Per. from English. - M.: Armada, 1998. - 474 p.: ill. - (Great pirates in novels).
Muller V.K. Pirate of Queen Elizabeth: Per. from English. - St. Petersburg: LENKO: Gangut, 1993. - 254 p.: ill.
DUMONT-DURVILLE Jules Sebastien Cesar
French navigator and oceanographer
Travel routes
1826-1828 - circumnavigation on the ship "Astrolabe", as a result of which part of the coast of New Zealand and New Guinea was mapped, island groups in the Pacific Ocean were examined. On the island of Vanikoro, Dumont-D'Urville discovered traces of the lost expedition of J. Laperouse.
1837-1840 - Antarctic expedition.
Name on a geographical map
The sea in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Antarctica is named after the navigator.
The French scientific Antarctic station bears the name of Dumont-D'Urville.
Varshavsky A.S. The Journey of Dumont-D'Urville. - M.: Thought, 1977. - 59 p.: ill. - (Remarkable geographers and travelers).
The fifth part of the book is called "Captain Dumont d'Urville and his belated discovery" (pp. 483-504).
IBN BATTUTA Abu Abdallah Muhammad
Ibn al-Lawati at-Tanji
Arab traveler, itinerant merchant
Travel routes
1325-1349 - Departing from Morocco on a hajj (pilgrimage), Ibn Battuta traveled to Egypt, Arabia, Iran, Syria, Crimea, reached the Volga and lived for some time in the Golden Horde. Then through Central Asia and Afghanistan he arrived in India, visited Indonesia and China.
1349-1352 - travel to Muslim Spain.
1352-1353 - a trip to Western and Central Sudan.
At the request of the ruler of Morocco, Ibn Battuta, together with a scholar named Juzay, wrote the book "Rikhla", where he summarized the information about the Muslim world that he had collected during his travels.
Ibragimov N. Ibn Battuta and his travels in Central Asia. - M.: Nauka, 1988. - 126 p.: ill.
Miloslavsky G. Ibn Battuta. - M.: Thought, 1974. - 78 p.: ill. - (Remarkable geographers and travelers).
Timofeev I. Ibn Battuta. - M.: Mol. guard, 1983. - 230 p.: ill. - (Life is noticed by people).
Columbus Christopher
Portuguese and Spanish navigator
Travel routes
1492-1493 - H. Columbus led the Spanish expedition, the purpose of which was to find the shortest sea route from Europe to India. During the voyage on three caravels "Santa Maria", "Pinta" and "Nina" the Sargasso Sea was discovered, Bahamas, Cuba and Haiti.
October 12, 1492, when Columbus reached the island of Samana, is recognized as the official day of the discovery of America by Europeans.
During three subsequent expeditions across the Atlantic (1493-1496, 1498-1500, 1502-1504), Columbus discovered the Greater Antilles, part of the Lesser Antilles, the coasts of South and Central America and the Caribbean Sea.
Until the end of his life, Columbus was sure that he had reached India.
Name on a geographical map
The name of Christopher Columbus is carried by a state in South America, mountains and plateaus in North America, a glacier in Alaska, a river in Canada and several cities in the United States.
In the United States of America there is Columbia University.
Travels of Christopher Columbus: Diaries, letters, documents / Per. from Spanish and comment. I. Sveta. - M.: Geographizdat, 1961. - 515 p.: ill.
Blasco Ibanez V. In search of the Great Khan: Novel: Per. from Spanish - Kaliningrad: Prince. publishing house, 1987. - 558 p.: ill. - (Marine romance).
Verlinden C. Christopher Columbus: Mirage and Perseverance: Trans. with him. // Conquerors of America. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 1997. - S. 3-144.
Irving W. History of the life and travels of Christopher Columbus: Per. from English. // Irving V. Sobr. cit.: In 5 volumes: T. 3, 4. - M .: Terra - Book. club, 2002-2003.
Clients A.E. Christopher Columbus / Art. A. Chauzov. - M.: White City, 2003. - 63 p.: ill. - (East novel).
Kovalevskaya O.T. Admiral's brilliant mistake: How Christopher Columbus, without knowing it, discovered New World, which was later called America / Lit. edited by T. Pesotskaya; Artistic N. Koshkin, G. Alexandrova, A. Skorikov. - M.: Interbuk, 1997. - 18 p.: ill. - (The greatest journeys).
Columbus; Livingston; Stanley; A. Humboldt; Przhevalsky: Biogr. storytelling. - Chelyabinsk: Ural LTD, 2000. - 415 p.: ill. - (Life of remarkable people: Biogr. F. Pavlenkov's library).
Cooper J.F. Mercedes from Castile, or Journey to Cathay: Per. from English. - M.: Patriot, 1992. - 407 p.: ill.
Lange P.V. The Great Drifter: The Life of Christopher Columbus: Per. with him. - M.: Thought, 1984. - 224 p.: ill.
Magidovich I.P. Christopher Columbus. - M.: Geographizdat, 1956. - 35 p.: ill. - (Remarkable geographers and travelers).
Reifman L. From the harbor of hopes to the seas of anxiety: The life and times of Christopher Columbus: East. chronicles. - St. Petersburg: Lyceum: Soyuzteatr, 1992. - 302 p.: ill.
Rzhonsnitsky V.B. Discovery of America by Columbus. - SPb.: St. Petersburg Publishing House. un-ta, 1994. - 92 p.: ill.
Sabatini R. Columbus: Novel: Trans. from English. - M.: Respublika, 1992. - 286 p.
Light Ya.M. Columbus. - M.: Mol. guard, 1973. - 368 p.: ill. - (Life is noticed by people).
Subbotin V.A. Great discoveries: Columbus; Vasco da Gama; Magellan. - M.: Publishing house of URAO, 1998. - 269 p.: ill.
Chronicles of the Discovery of America: New Spain: Book. 1: East documents: Per. from Spanish - M.: Academic project, 2000. - 496 p.: ill. - (B-ka Latin America).
Shishova Z.K. Great voyage: East. novel. - M.: Det. lit., 1972. - 336 p.: ill.
Edberg R. Letters to Columbus; Spirit of the Valley / Per. from the Swedish L. Zhdanova. - M.: Progress, 1986. - 361 p.: ill.
Krasheninnikov Stepan Petrovich
Russian naturalist, the first explorer of Kamchatka
Travel routes
1733-1743 - S.P. Krasheninnikov took part in the 2nd Kamchatka expedition. First, under the guidance of academicians G.F. Miller and I.G. Gmelin, he studied Altai and Transbaikalia. In October 1737, Krasheninnikov went to Kamchatka on his own, where until June 1741 he carried out research, on the basis of which he subsequently compiled the first Description of the Land of Kamchatka (vols. 1-2, ed. 1756).
Name on a geographical map
An island near Kamchatka, a cape on Karaginsky Island and a mountain near Lake Kronotskoe are named after S.P. Krasheninnikov.
Krasheninnikov S.P. Description of the land of Kamchatka: In 2 volumes - Reprint. ed. - St. Petersburg: Science; Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky: Kamshat, 1994.
Varshavsky A.S. Sons of the Fatherland. - M.: Det. lit., 1987. - 303 p.: ill.
Mixon I.L. The Man Who...: East. story. - L .: Det. lit., 1989. - 208 p.: ill.
Fradkin N.G. S.P. Krasheninnikov. - M.: Thought, 1974. - 60 p.: ill. - (Remarkable geographers and travelers).
Eidelman N.Ya. What is there beyond the sea-ocean?: A story about the Russian scientist S.P. Krasheninnikov, the discoverer of Kamchatka. - M.: Malysh, 1984. - 28 p.: ill. - (Pages of the history of our Motherland).
KRUZENSHTERN Ivan Fyodorovich
Russian navigator, admiral
Travel routes
1803-1806 - I.F. Kruzenshtern led the first Russian round-the-world expedition on the ships "Nadezhda" and "Neva". I.F. Kruzenshtern - author of the Atlas South Sea» (vols. 1-2, 1823-1826)
Name on a geographical map
The name of I.F. Kruzenshtern bears the strait in the northern part Kuril Islands, two atolls in the Pacific Ocean and the southeast passage of the Korea Strait.
Kruzenshtern I.F. Travel around the world in 1803, 1804, 1805 and 1806 on the ships Nadezhda and Neva. - Vladivostok: Far East. book. publishing house, 1976. - 392 p.: ill. - (Dalnevost. ist. b-ka).
Zabolotskikh B.V. For glory Russian flag: The story of I.F. Kruzenshtern, who led the first trip of Russians around the world in 1803-1806, and O.E. Kotzebue, who made an unprecedented voyage on the Rurik brig in 1815-1818. - M.: Autopan, 1996. - 285 p: ill.
Zabolotskikh B.V. Petrovsky Fleet: East. essays; To the Glory of the Russian Flag: A Tale; The Second Journey of Kruzenshtern: A Tale. - M.: Classics, 2002. - 367 p.: ill.
Pasetsky V.M. Ivan Fyodorovich Kruzenshtern. - M.: Nauka, 1974. - 176 p.: ill.
Firsov I.I. Russian Columbuses: The history of the round-the-world expedition of I. Kruzenshtern and Yu. Lisyansky. - M.: Tsentrpoligraf, 2001. - 426 p.: ill. - (Great geographical discoveries).
Chukovsky N.K. Captain Kruzenshtern: A Tale. - M.: Bustard, 2002. - 165 p.: ill. - (Honor and courage).
Steinberg E.L. Glorious sailors Ivan Kruzenshtern and Yuri Lisyansky. - M.: Detgiz, 1954. - 224 p.: ill.
COOK James
English navigator
Travel routes
1768-1771 - round-the-world expedition on the frigate "Endeavor" under the command of J. Cook. The insular position of New Zealand has been determined, the Great Barrier Reef and the east coast of Australia have been discovered.
1772-1775 - the goal of the second expedition led by Cook on the ship "Resolution" (to find and map southern mainland) has not been reached. As a result of the search, the South Sandwich Islands, New Caledonia, Norfolk, South Georgia were discovered.
1776-1779 - Cook's third round-the-world expedition on the ships "Resolution" and "Discovery" aimed to find the Northwest Passage connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The passage was not found, but were opened Hawaiian Islands and part of the coast of Alaska. On the way back J.Cook was killed on one of the islands by natives.
Name on a geographical map
The highest mountain in New Zealand, a bay in the Pacific Ocean, islands in Polynesia and the strait between the North and southern islands New Zealand.
James Cook's first circumnavigation of the world: The Endeavour, 1768-1771. / J.Cook. - M.: Geographizdat, 1960. - 504 p.: ill.
Second circumnavigation of the world by James Cook: Voyage to the South Pole and around the world in 1772-1775. / J.Cook. - M.: Thought, 1964. - 624 p.: ill. - (Geographic Ser.).
James Cook's third circumnavigation of the world: Sailing in the Pacific 1776-1780. / J.Cook. - M.: Thought, 1971. - 636 p.: ill.
Vladimirov V.I. Cook. - M.: Spark of Revolution, 1933. - 168 p.: ill. - (Life is noticed by people).
McLean A. Captain Cook: History of geogr. discoveries of the great navigator: Per. from English. - M.: Tsentrpoligraf, 2001. - 155 p.: ill. - (Great geographical discoveries).
Middleton H. Captain Cook: The famous navigator: Per. from English. / Il. A. Marx. - M.: AsKON, 1998. - 31 p.: ill. - (Great names).
Light Ya.M. James Cook. - M.: Thought, 1979. - 110 p.: ill. - (Remarkable geographers and travelers).
Chukovsky N.K. Frigate Drivers: A Book of Great Navigators. - M.: ROSMEN, 2001. - 509 p. - (Golden Triangle).
The first part of the book is titled "Captain James Cook and his three voyages around the world" (pp. 7-111).
LAZAREV Mikhail Petrovich
Russian naval commander and navigator
Travel routes
1813-1816 - circumnavigation on the ship "Suvorov" from Kronstadt to the coast of Alaska and back.
1819-1821 - commanding the Mirny sloop, M.P. Lazarev participated in a round-the-world expedition led by F.F. Bellingshausen.
1822-1824 - MP Lazarev led a round-the-world expedition on the frigate "Cruiser".
Name on a geographical map
The name of M.P. Lazarev named the sea in Atlantic Ocean, an ice shelf and an underwater trench in East Antarctica, a village on the Black Sea coast.
The Russian Antarctic Research Station also bears the name of MP Lazarev.
Ostrovsky B.G. Lazarev. - M.: Mol. guard, 1966. - 176 p.: ill. - (Life is noticed by people).
Firsov I.I. Half a century under sail. - M.: Thought, 1988. - 238 p.: ill.
Firsov I.I. Antarctica and Navarino: A Novel. - M.: Armada, 1998. - 417 p.: ill. - (Russian commanders).
LIVINGSTON David
English explorer of Africa
Travel routes
Since 1841 - numerous trips to the interior regions of South and Central Africa.
1849-1851 - Research of the area of Lake Ngami.
1851-1856 - Research of the Zambezi River. D. Livingston discovered the Victoria Falls and was the first European to cross the African continent.
1858-1864 - Exploration of the Zambezi River, Lakes Chilwa and Nyasa.
1866-1873 - several expeditions in search of the sources of the Nile.
Name on a geographical map
The waterfalls on the Congo River and the city on the Zambezi River are named after the English traveler.
Livingston D. Travels around South Africa: Per. from English. / Il. author. - M.: EKSMO-Press, 2002. - 475 p.: ill. - (Wind rose: Epochs; Continents; Events; Seas; Discoveries).
Livingston D., Livingston C. Traveling the Zambezi, 1858-1864: Per. from English. - M.: Tsentrpoligraf, 2001. - 460 p.: ill.
Adamovich M.P. Livingston. - M.: Mol. guard, 1938. - 376 p.: ill. - (Life is noticed by people).
Votte G. David Livingston: The Life of an African Explorer: Per. with him. - M.: Thought, 1984. - 271 p.: ill.
Columbus; Livingston; Stanley; A. Humboldt; Przhevalsky: Biogr. storytelling. - Chelyabinsk: Ural LTD, 2000. - 415 p.: ill. - (Life of remarkable people: Biogr. F. Pavlenkov's library).
MAGELLAN Fernand
(c. 1480-1521)
Portuguese navigator
Travel routes
1519-1521 - F. Magellan led the first round-the-world voyage in the history of mankind. Magellan's expedition discovered the coast of South America south of La Plata, circled the continent, crossed the strait, later named after the navigator, then crossed the Pacific Ocean and reached Philippine Islands. On one of them Magellan was killed. After his death, the expedition was led by J.S. Elcano, thanks to which the only one of the ships ("Victoria") and the last eighteen sailors (out of two hundred and sixty-five crew members) were able to reach the coast of Spain.
Name on a geographical map
The Strait of Magellan is located between the mainland of South America and the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
Boytsov M.A. Way of Magellan / Khudozh. S. Boyko. - M.: Malysh, 1991. - 19 p.: ill.
Kunin K.I. Magellan. - M.: Mol. guard, 1940. - 304 p.: ill. - (Life is noticed by people).
Lange P.V. Like the sun: The life of F. Magellan and the first circumnavigation of the world: Per. with him. - M.: Progress, 1988. - 237 p.: ill.
Pigafetta A. Journey of Magellan: Per. with it.; Mitchell M. El Cano - the first circumnavigator: Per. from English. - M.: Thought, 2000. - 302 p.: ill. - (Travel and travelers).
Subbotin V.A. Great discoveries: Columbus; Vasco da Gama; Magellan. - M.: Publishing house of URAO, 1998. - 269 p.: ill.
Travinsky V.M. Navigator's Star: Magellan: East. story. - M.: Mol. guard, 1969. - 191 p.: ill.
Khvilevitskaya E.M. How the earth turned out to be a ball / Art. A. Ostromentsky. - M.: Interbuk, 1997. - 18 p.: ill. - (The greatest journeys).
Zweig S. Magellan; Amerigo: Per. with him. - M.: AST, 2001. - 317 p.: ill. - (World classics).
Miklukho-Maclay Nikolay Nikolaevich
Russian scientist, explorer of Oceania and New Guinea
Travel routes
1866-1867 - travel to Canary Islands and in Morocco.
1871-1886 - study of indigenous people South-East Asia, Australia and Oceania, including the Papuans of the Northeast coast of New Guinea.
Name on a geographical map
The Miklouho-Maclay Coast is located in New Guinea.
The Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences also bears the name of Nikolai Nikolaevich Miklukho-Maclay.
Man from the moon: Diaries, articles, letters of N.N.Miklukho-Maclay. - M.: Mol. guard, 1982. - 336 p.: ill. - (Arrow).
Balandin R.K. N.N.Miklukho-Maclay: Book. for students / Fig. author. - M.: Enlightenment, 1985. - 96 p.: ill. - (People of science).
Golovanov Ya. Etudes about scientists. - M.: Mol. guard, 1983. - 415 p.: ill.
The chapter dedicated to Miklouho-Maclay is titled “I do not foresee the end of my travels…” (pp. 233-236).
Greenop F.S. About the one who wandered alone: Per. from English. - M.: Nauka, 1986. - 260 p.: ill.
Kolesnikov M.S. Miklukho Maclay. - M.: Mol. guard, 1965. - 272 p.: ill. - (Life is noticed by people).
Markov S.N. Tamo - Russian Maclay: Tales. - M.: Sov. writer, 1975. - 208 p.: ill.
Orlov O.P. Come back to us, Maclay!: A story. - M.: Det. lit., 1987. - 48 p.: ill.
Putilov B.N. NN Miklukho-Maclay: Traveler, scientist, humanist. - M.: Progress, 1985. - 280 p.: ill.
Tynyanova L.N. A friend from afar: a story. - M.: Det. lit., 1976. - 332 p.: ill.
NANSEN Fridtjof
Norwegian polar explorer
Travel routes
1888 - F. Nansen made the first ever ski crossing through Greenland.
1893-1896 - Nansen on the Fram ship drifted across the Arctic Ocean from the New Siberian Islands to the Svalbard archipelago. As a result of the expedition, extensive oceanographic and meteorological material was collected, but Nansen failed to reach the North Pole.
1900 - expedition to study the currents of the Arctic Ocean.
Name on a geographical map
An underwater basin and an underwater ridge in the Arctic Ocean, as well as a number of geographical objects in the Arctic and Antarctic, are named after Nansen.
Nansen F. To the country of the future: The Great Northern Route from Europe to Siberia through the Kara Sea / Authoriz. per. from Norwegian A. and P. Hansen. - Krasnoyarsk: Prince. publishing house, 1982. - 335 p.: ill.
Nansen F. Through the eyes of a friend: Chapters from the book "Through the Caucasus to the Volga": Per. with him. - Makhachkala: Dagestan book. publishing house, 1981. - 54 p.: ill.
Nansen F. "Fram" in the polar sea: At 2 o'clock: Per. from Norwegian - M.: Geographizdat, 1956.
Kublitsky G.I. Fridtjof Nansen: His Life and Extraordinary Adventures. - M.: Det. lit., 1981. - 287 p.: ill.
Nansen-Heyer L. Book about the father: Per. from Norwegian - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1986. - 512 p.: ill.
Pasetsky V.M. Fridtjof Nansen, 1861-1930. - M.: Nauka, 1986. - 335 p.: ill. - (Scientific biographical series).
Sannes T.B. "Fram": Adventures of polar expeditions: Per. with him. - L .: Shipbuilding, 1991. - 271 p.: ill. - (Remarkable ships).
Talanov A. Nansen. - M.: Mol. guard, 1960. - 304 p.: ill. - (Life is noticed by people).
Holt K. Competition: [About the expeditions of R.F. Scott and R. Amundsen]; Wandering: [On the expedition of F. Nansen and J. Johansen] / Per. from Norwegian L. Zhdanova. - M.: Physical culture and sport, 1987. - 301 p.: ill. - (Extraordinary travel).
Please note that this book (in the appendix) contains an essay famous traveler Thor Heyerdahl Fridtjof Nansen: Warm heart in a cold world.
Tsentkevich A., Tsentkevich Ch. What will you become, Fridtjof: [Tales about F. Nansen and R. Amundsen]. - Kyiv: Dnipro, 1982. - 502 p.: ill.
Shackleton E. Fridtjof Nansen - researcher: Per. from English. - M.: Progress, 1986. - 206 p.: ill.
NIKITIN Afanasy
(? - 1472 or 1473)
Russian merchant, traveler in Asia
Travel routes
1466-1472 - A. Nikitin's journey through the countries of the Middle East and India. On the way back, stopping at the Cafe (Feodosia), Afanasy Nikitin wrote a description of his travels and adventures - "Journey beyond the three seas."
Nikitin A. Journey beyond three seas Athanasius Nikitin. - L.: Nauka, 1986. - 212 p.: ill. - (Lit. monuments).
Nikitin A. Journey beyond three seas: 1466-1472. - Kaliningrad: Amber Tale, 2004. - 118 p.: ill.
Varzhapetyan V.V. The Tale of the Merchant, the Pinto Horse and the Talking Bird / Fig. N. Nepomniachtchi. - M.: Det. lit., 1990. - 95 p.: ill.
Vitashevskaya M.N. The wanderings of Athanasius Nikitin. - M.: Thought, 1972. - 118 p.: ill. - (Remarkable geographers and travelers).
All peoples are one: [Coll.]. - M.: Sirin, B.g. - 466 p.: ill. - (History of the Fatherland in novels, stories, documents).
The collection includes the story of V. Pribytkov "The Tver Guest" and the book of Afanasy Nikitin himself "Journey Beyond the Three Seas".
Grimberg F.I. Seven songs of a Russian foreigner: Nikitin: East. novel. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2003. - 424 p.: ill. - (Golden library of the source of the novel: Russian travelers).
Kachaev Yu.G. Far away / Fig. M. Romadina. - M.: Malysh, 1982. - 24 p.: ill.
Kunin K.I. Over Three Seas: The Journey of the Tver Merchant Athanasius Nikitin: Ist. story. - Kaliningrad: Amber Tale, 2002. - 199 p.: ill. - (Cherished pages).
Murashova K. Afanasy Nikitin: The Tale of a Tver Merchant / Khudozh. A. Chauzov. - M.: White City, 2005. - 63 p.: ill. - (East novel).
Semenov L.S. Travel of Athanasius Nikitin. - M.: Nauka, 1980. - 145 p.: ill. - (History of science and technology).
Soloviev A.P. Journey beyond three seas: a novel. - M.: Terra, 1999. - 477 p. - (Fatherland).
Tager E.M. The Tale of Afanasy Nikitin. - L .: Det. lit., 1966. - 104 p.: ill.
PIRI Robert Edwin
American polar explorer
Travel routes
1892 and 1895 - two trips through Greenland.
From 1902 to 1905 - several unsuccessful attempts to conquer the North Pole.
Finally, R. Piri announced that he had reached the North Pole on April 6, 1909. However, seventy years after the traveler's death, when, according to his will, the diaries of the expedition were declassified, it turned out that Piri could not actually reach the pole, he stopped at 89˚55΄ N.
Name on a geographical map
The peninsula in the far north of Greenland is called Piri Land.
Piri R. North Pole; Amundsen R. South Pole. - M.: Thought, 1981. - 599 p.: ill.
Pay attention to the article by F. Treshnikov "Robert Pirie and the conquest of the North Pole" (pp. 225-242).
Piri R. North Pole / Per. from English. L. Petkyavichute. - Vilnius: Vituris, 1988. - 239 p.: ill. - (World of discoveries).
Karpov G.V. Robert Peary. - M.: Geographizdat, 1956. - 39 p.: ill. - (Remarkable geographers and travelers).
POLO Marco
(c. 1254-1324)
Venetian merchant, traveler
Travel routes
1271-1295 - M. Polo's journey through the countries of Central and East Asia.
The memoirs of the Venetian about wanderings in the East made up the famous "Book of Marco Polo" (1298), which for almost 600 years remained the most important source of information for the West about China and other Asian countries.
Polo M. A book about the diversity of the world / Per. from old French I.P. Minaeva; Foreword H.L. Borges. - St. Petersburg: Amphora, 1999. - 381 p.: ill. - (Personal library of Borges).
Polo M. Book of Wonders: An excerpt from the "Book of Wonders of the World" from the Nat. libraries of France: Per. from fr. - M.: White City, 2003. - 223 p.: ill.
Davidson E., Davis G. Son of Heaven: The Wanderings of Marco Polo / Per. from English. M. Kondratiev. - SPb.: ABC: Terra - Book. club, 1997. - 397 p. -( New Earth: Fantasy).
A novel-fantasy on the theme of the wanderings of a Venetian merchant.
Maink W. The Amazing Adventures of Marco Polo: [Ist. story] / Abbr. per. with him. L. Lungina. - St. Petersburg: Brask: Epoch, 1993. - 303 p.: ill. - (Version).
Pesotskaya T.E. Treasures of a Venetian merchant: How Marco Polo wandered around the East a quarter of a century ago and wrote a famous book about various miracles that no one wanted to believe in / Khudozh. I. Oleinikov. - M.: Interbuk, 1997. - 18 p.: ill. - (The greatest journeys).
Pronin V. Life of the great Venetian traveler Messer Marco Polo / Khudozh. Yu.Saevich. - M.: Kron-Press, 1993. - 159 p.: ill.
Tolstikov A.Ya. Marco Polo: Venetian Wanderer / Art. A. Chauzov. - M.: White City, 2004. - 63 p.: ill. - (East novel).
Hart G. Venetian Marco Polo: Per. from English. - M.: TERRA-Kn. club, 1999. - 303 p. - (Portraits).
Shklovsky V.B. Land Scout - Marco Polo: East. story. - M.: Mol. guard, 1969. - 223 p.: ill. - (Pioneer means first).
Aers J. Marco Polo: Per. from fr. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 1998. - 348 p.: ill. - (Mark on history).
Przhevalsky Nikolai Mikhailovich
Russian geographer, explorer of Central Asia
Travel routes
1867-1868 - research expeditions in the Amur region and the Ussuri region.
1870-1885 - 4 expeditions to Central Asia.
The scientific results of the expeditions N.M. Przhevalsky outlined in a number of books, giving a detailed description of the relief, climate, vegetation and wildlife of the studied territories.
Name on a geographical map
The name of the Russian geographer is given to a ridge in Central Asia and a city in the southeastern part of the Issyk-Kul region (Kyrgyzstan).
The wild horse, first described by the scientist, is called Przewalski's horse.
Przhevalsky N.M. Journey in the Ussuri region, 1867-1869 - Vladivostok: Far East. book. publishing house, 1990. - 328 p.: ill.
Przhevalsky N.M. Travel in Asia. - M.: Armada-press, 2001. - 343 p.: ill. - (Green series: Around the world).
Gavrilenkov V.M. Russian traveler N.M. Przhevalsky. - Smolensk: Mosk. worker: Smolenskoe department, 1989. - 143 p.: ill.
Golovanov Ya. Etudes about scientists. - M.: Mol. guard, 1983. - 415 p.: ill.
The chapter devoted to Przhevalsky is called "The exceptional good is freedom ..." (pp. 272-275).
Grimailo Ya.V. Great Pathfinder: A Tale. - Ed. 2nd, revised. and additional - Kyiv: Young, 1989. - 314 p.: ill.
Kozlov I.V. Great Traveler: The life and work of N.M. Przhevalsky, the first researcher of the nature of Central Asia. - M.: Thought, 1985. - 144 p.: ill. - (Remarkable geographers and travelers).
Columbus; Livingston; Stanley; A. Humboldt; Przhevalsky: Biogr. storytelling. - Chelyabinsk: Ural LTD, 2000. - 415 p.: ill. - (Life of remarkable people: Biogr. F. Pavlenkov's library).
Overclocking L.E. “Ascetics are needed like the sun…” // Razgon L.E. Seven lives. - M.: Det. lit., 1992. - S. 35-72.
Repin L.B. “And again I return ...”: Przhevalsky: Pages of life. - M.: Mol. guard, 1983. - 175 p.: ill. - (Pioneer means first).
Khmelnitsky S.I. Przhevalsky. - M.: Mol. guard, 1950. - 175 p.: ill. - (Life is noticed by people).
Yusov B.V. N.M. Przhevalsky: Prince. for students. - M.: Enlightenment, 1985. - 95 p.: ill. - (People of science).
PRONCHISHCHEV Vasily Vasilievich
Russian navigator
Travel routes
1735-1736 - VV Pronchishchev took part in the 2nd Kamchatka expedition. A detachment under his command explored the coast of the Arctic Ocean from the mouth of the Lena to Cape Thaddeus (Taimyr).
Name on a geographical map
A part of the eastern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula, a ridge (hill) in the north-west of Yakutia and a bay in the Laptev Sea bear the name of V.V. Pronchishchev.
Golubev G.N. “Descendants for the news…”: Ist.-dokum. story. - M.: Det. lit., 1986. - 255 p.: ill.
Krutogorov Yu.A. Where Neptune Leads: East. story. - M.: Det. lit., 1990. - 270 p.: ill.
SEMENOV-TIAN-SHANSKY Petr Petrovich
(before 1906 - Semyonov)
Russian scientist, researcher of Asia
Travel routes
1856-1857 - Expedition to the Tien Shan.
1888 - expedition to Turkestan and the Transcaspian region.
Name on a geographical map
A ridge in Nanshan, a glacier and a peak in the Tien Shan, mountains in Alaska and Svalbard are named after Semenov-Tyan-Shansky.
Semenov-Tyan-Shansky P.P. Journey to the Tien Shan: 1856-1857. - M.: Geografgiz, 1958. - 277 p.: ill.
Aldan-Semenov A.I. For you, Russia: Tales. - M.: Sovremennik, 1983. - 320 p.: ill.
Aldan-Semenov A.I. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky. - M.: Mol. guard, 1965. - 304 p.: ill. - (Life is noticed by people).
Antoshko Ya., Solovyov A. At the origins of Jaksart. - M.: Thought, 1977. - 128 p.: ill. - (Remarkable geographers and travelers).
Dyadyuchenko L.B. Pearl in the wall of the barracks: a novel-chronicle. - Frunze: Mektep, 1986. - 218 p.: ill.
Kozlov I.V. Pyotr Petrovich Semenov-Tyan-Shansky. - M.: Enlightenment, 1983. - 96 p.: ill. - (People of science).
Kozlov I.V., Kozlova A.V. Pyotr Petrovich Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky: 1827-1914. - M.: Nauka, 1991. - 267 p.: ill. - (Scientific biographical series).
Overclocking L.E. Tien Shan // Acceleration L.E. Seven lives. - M.: Det. lit., 1992. - S. 9-34.
SCOTT Robert Falcon
English explorer of Antarctica
Travel routes
1901-1904 - Antarctic expedition on the ship "Discovery". As a result of this expedition, King Edward VII Land, the Transantarctic Mountains, the Ross Ice Shelf were discovered, and Victoria Land was explored.
1910-1912 - Expedition of R. Scott to Antarctica on the ship "Terra-Nova".
January 18, 1912 (33 days later than R. Amundsen) Scott and four of his companions reached the South Pole. On the way back, all travelers died.
Name on a geographical map
An island and two glaciers off the coast of Antarctica, part of the western coast of Victoria Land (Scott Coast) and mountains on Enderby Land are named after Robert Scott.
The US Antarctic Research Station is named after the first explorers of the South Pole - "Amundsen-Scott Pole".
The name of the polar traveler is also the New Zealand scientific station on the coast of the Ross Sea in Antarctica and the Institute of Polar Research in Cambridge.
The last expedition of R. Scott: Personal diaries of Captain R. Scott, which he kept during the expedition to the South Pole. - M.: Geographizdat, 1955. - 408 p.: ill.
Golovanov Ya. Etudes about scientists. - M.: Mol. guard, 1983. - 415 p.: ill.
The chapter dedicated to Scott is called "Fight to the last cracker ..." (pp. 290-293).
Ladlem G. Captain Scott: Per. from English. - Ed. 2nd, rev. - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1989. - 287 p.: ill.
Priestley R. Antarctic Odyssey: Northern party of R. Scott's expedition: Per. from English. - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1985. - 360 p.: ill.
Holt K. Contest; Wandering: Per. from Norwegian - M.: Physical culture and sport, 1987. - 301 p.: ill. - (Extraordinary travel).
Cherry-Garrard E. The most terrible journey: Per. from English. - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1991. - 551 p.: ill.
STANLEY (STANLEY) Henry Morton
(real name and surname - John R o l e n d s)
journalist, African researcher
Travel routes
1871-1872 - G. M. Stanley, as a correspondent for the New York Herald, participated in the search for the missing D. Livingston. The expedition was successful: the great explorer of Africa was found near Lake Tanganyika.
1874-1877 - GM Stanley crosses the African continent twice. Explores Lake Victoria, the Congo River, looking for the source of the Nile.
1887-1889 - G. M. Stanley leads an English expedition that crosses Africa from West to East, and explores the Aruvimi River.
Name on a geographical map
In honor of G. M. Stanley, waterfalls in the upper reaches of the Congo River are named.
Stanley G.M. In the wilds of Africa: Per. from English. - M.: Geographizdat, 1958. - 446 p.: ill.
Karpov G.V. Henry Stanley. - M.: Geografgiz, 1958. - 56 p.: ill. - (Remarkable geographers and travelers).
Columbus; Livingston; Stanley; A. Humboldt; Przhevalsky: Biogr. storytelling. - Chelyabinsk: Ural LTD, 2000. - 415 p.: ill. - (Life of remarkable people: Biogr. F. Pavlenkov's library).
KHABAROV Erofey Pavlovich
(c. 1603, according to other sources, c. 1610 - after 1667, according to other sources, after 1671)
Russian explorer and navigator, explorer of the Amur region
Travel routes
1649-1653 - E.P. Khabarov made a number of campaigns in the Amur region, compiled a “Drawing of the Amur River”.
Name on a geographical map
A city and a region in the Far East are named after the Russian explorer, as well as railroad station Erofey Pavlovich on the Trans-Siberian Railway.
Leontieva G.A. Explorer Erofey Pavlovich Khabarov: Book. for students. - M.: Enlightenment, 1991. - 143 p.: ill.
Romanenko D.I. Erofey Khabarov: A novel. - Khabarovsk: Prince. publishing house, 1990. - 301 p.: ill. - (Far East library).
Safronov F.G. Erofey Khabarov. - Khabarovsk: Prince. publishing house, 1983. - 32 p.
SCHMIDT Otto Yulievich
Russian mathematician, geophysicist, Arctic explorer
Travel routes
1929-1930 - O.Yu. Schmidt equipped and led the expedition on the ship "George Sedov" to Severnaya Zemlya.
1932 - expeditions led by O.Yu. Schmidt on the icebreaker "Sibiryakov" managed for the first time to pass from Arkhangelsk to Kamchatka in one navigation.
1933-1934 - O.Yu.Shmidt led the northern expedition on the steamer "Chelyuskin". The ship caught in ice captivity was crushed by ice and sank. The expedition members, who had been drifting on the ice floes for several months, were rescued by the pilots.
Name on a geographical map
The name of O.Yu. Schmidt is given to an island in the Kara Sea, a cape on the coast of the Chukchi Sea, the peninsula of Novaya Zemlya, one of the peaks and a pass in the Pamirs, a plain in Antarctica.
Voskoboynikov V.M. IN ice voyage. - M.: Malysh, 1989. - 39 p.: ill. - (Legendary heroes).
Voskoboynikov V.M. Call of the Arctic: Heroic Chronicle: Academician Schmidt. - M.: Mol. guard, 1975. - 192 p.: ill. - (Pioneer means first).
Duel I.I. Lifeline: Dokum. story. - M.: Politizdat, 1977. - 128 p.: ill. - (Heroes of the Soviet Motherland).
Nikitenko N.F. O.Yu. Schmidt: Book. for students. - M.: Enlightenment, 1992. - 158 p.: ill. - (People of science).
Otto Yulievich Schmidt: Life and work: Sat. - M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1959. - 470 p.: ill.
Matveeva L.V. Otto Yulievich Schmidt: 1891-1956. - M.: Nauka, 1993. - 202 p.: ill. - (Scientific biographical series).
travelers
in the paintings of artists N. Solomin and S. Yakovlev
Brilliant pages in the history of geographical discoveries were written by Russian travelers. They not only studied the vast expanses of the Motherland, but also made discoveries and researches far beyond its borders.
Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev (born around 1605 - died in 1672/3) - a famous explorer and navigator. Served in Tobolsk, Yeniseisk, Yakutsk; went on long and dangerous trips to the rivers Yana, Indigirka, Oymyakon. Departing in 1648 from the Nizhne-Kolyma prison, Dezhnev sailed from the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and practically proved the existence of a strait separating Asia from America.
Faddey Faddeevich Bellingshausen (1779-1862) - famous navigator, prominent scientist. He participated in the expedition of Kruzenshtern and Lisyaneky, then commanded together with M.P. Lazarev in 1819-1821 the sloops Vostok and Mirny. This expedition to the South Pole accomplished a great geographical discovery- reached the shores of Antarctica, and also conducted extensive research in the equatorial and tropical zones of the Pacific Ocean and made adjustments to sea charts.
Pyotr Petrovich Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky (1827-1914) - a remarkable Russian geographer and traveler. The first of the Europeans penetrated into the hard-to-reach areas of the Central Tien Shan and established that the Chu River does not flow into Lake Issyk-Kul, discovered the sources of the Naryn and Sarydzhaz rivers, the second highest Tien Shan peak - Khan Tengri, huge glaciers covering its slopes.
Pyotr Kuzmich Kozlov (1863-1936) was a remarkable Russian traveler and explorer of Central Asia. Participating in the expeditions of N. M. Przhevalsky, M. V. Pevtsov and V. I. Roborovsky, he repeatedly crossed Mongolia and China. From 1899 to 1926 Kozlov led three expeditions to Central Asia. He studied the mountains of the Mongolian Altai, penetrated into the least explored areas of the Tibetan highlands; in the middle of the Mongolian deserts opened ancient city Khara-Khoto; excavated the Khentei-Noinulinsky mounds, enriching science with versatile information about the regions of Central Asia.
Nikolai Nikolaevich Miklukho-Maclay (1846 - 1888) - famous Russian traveler and scientist, anthropologist and ethnographer. He spent twelve years in New Guinea, Malacca, Australia and the Pacific Islands, studying the peoples inhabiting them. The creator of modern anthropology, Miklouho-Maclay was a passionate fighter against racial discrimination and colonial oppression.
Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky (1839-1888) - the great Russian traveler and geographer. Already after the first expedition to the Ussuri region (1867-1869) he became famous as a talented explorer of distant and little-known lands. He conducted four expeditions to Central Asia, during which he crossed vast expanses from the Sayan Mountains to Tibet and from the Tien Shan to the Khingan.
Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev (1788-1851) - famous navigator, naval commander and research scientist. Together with F. Sh. Bellingshausen, he commanded a remarkable sea expedition that discovered Antarctica. Even before that, he went around the world on the ship "Suvorov", and after sailing to Antarctica he made the third trip around the world, commanding the frigate "Cruiser". The last seventeen years of his life he devoted to the education of Russian sailors and the construction of the Black Sea Fleet.
Slide #10
Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern (1770-1846) - a remarkable navigator and research scientist. He commanded the first Russian round-the-world expedition from 1803 to 1806. The expedition refined the map of the Pacific Ocean, collected information about the nature and inhabitants of Sakhalin, the Pacific Islands and Kamchatka. Kruzenshtern published a description of his journey and compiled a two-volume atlas of the Pacific Ocean.
Slide #11
Georgy Yakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914) - a brave navigator, explorer of the Arctic. In 1912 he proposed a trip to the North Pole. Having reached the ship "St. fok” of Franz Josef Land, Sedov made a bold attempt to reach the North Pole by dog sled, but died on the way to his cherished goal.
Slide #12
Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy (1813-1876) - an outstanding researcher Far East. He spent about six years in the Amur region, studying its nature. In 1849, Nevelskoy while sailing along Sea of Okhotsk proved that Sakhalin is an island separated from the mainland by the navigable Tatar Strait.
Slide #13
Vladimir Afanasyevich Obruchev (1863-1956) - a remarkable traveler, the greatest Soviet geologist and geographer. After research in Central Asia (1886) and numerous expeditions to Eastern Siberia, in 1892, the scientist went to Mongolia and China for two years, having covered more than thirteen and a half thousand kilometers during this time. Obruchev headed major geological research in Siberia.
Slide #14
Afanasy Nikitin (died 1472) - the first Russian traveler to India and Persia. From 1466 to 1472 he wandered in foreign lands. All this time he kept travel notes, which he called "Journey beyond the three seas." In them, he told about his voyage along the Volga and the Caspian Sea to Persia and from there across the Arabian Sea to distant India, described Indian cities and villages, the nature of the country, the customs and customs of its people, and provided interesting information from the history of India.
world travelers
Find out for yourself what discoveries are made by them.
Amundsen
Vasco da Gama
Vespucci
Hudson
Humboldt
Dampier
Drake
Durville
Cabot
Columbus
Cook
La Perouse
livingston
Magellan
Mercator
Nansen
Piri
Pissarro
Polo
Stanley
tasman
Enrique
It seems that the days of the pioneers have already passed, there are no white spots left on the map. But it turns out that today you can travel, explore the unknown corners of the planet. Let all the continents and islands have already been discovered, let the most remote and inaccessible areas be seen from space, and the inquisitive human mind sets new tasks for itself and solves them, organizes expeditions. Who are they, modern travelers of the 21st century?
Names of modern travelers
When we remember the famous pioneers, along with the great Columbus, Magellan, Cook, Bellingshausen, Lazarev and others, we are also talking about our contemporaries. The names of Cousteau, Heyerdahl, Senkevich, Konyukhov and other researchers also sound like a hymn to the study of our planet. Modern travelers and their discoveries are a wonderful
Jacques Yves Cousteau
Cousteau - the greatest oceanographer, French scientist and researcher. This is a man who discovered the underwater world for mankind. It was with his hands that goggles for the first scuba gear were made, the first scientific vessel was equipped, studying sea depths. He owns the first films shot underwater.
For the first time, a person got the opportunity to move freely in the water column and descend to depths of up to 90 m. Under the leadership of Cousteau, the first underwater expeditions were organized. At first it was archaeological research at the bottom of the ocean and photography at depths of several kilometers.
When Cousteau created the "underwater saucer" - a mini-submarine, the possibilities for studying the water column increased dramatically. The continuation was the foundation of temporary underwater scientific stations, where modern travelers lived for several months and could make observations directly at sea.
The result of Cousteau's many years of work on the study of the underwater world were books and films that were very popular: "In the World of Silence", "World without Sun", "Cousteau's Underwater Odyssey". From 1957 he headed Oceanographic Museum in Monaco. In 1973, the Cousteau Society for the Protection of Marine Nature was founded.
Among his honorary awards, he considered the Order of the Legion of Honor to be the main one. Cousteau died in 1997 in Paris.
Thor Heyerdahl
This name is also familiar to anyone who has even the slightest interest in travel. Thor Heyerdahl became famous for the sea voyages undertaken to prove his point of view on the settlement different districts peace.
Heyerdahl was the first to put forward the idea that the islands of Polynesia could be inhabited by immigrants from South America. To prove this theory, modern travelers under his leadership made an unparalleled voyage on the Kon-Tiki balsa raft across the Pacific Ocean. Having overcome about 8 thousand km in 101 days, the expedition reached the Tuamotu Islands. At the same time, the raft retained its buoyancy, and if it were not for the storm, it could certainly have reached the shores of Asia.
This was followed by expeditions on reed boats "Ra" and "Ra-2", in which our compatriot Yuri Senkevich took part. The boat "Tigris", which was supposed to show the possibility of connections between Mesopotamia and the Hindustan Peninsula, was burned by the crew in protest against military operations off the coast of Djibouti, and the expedition was not completed.
Heyerdahl did not agree with the scientific world on many issues and put forward his theories. For many years he studied the mysteries of Easter Island, especially the origin of the famous stone idols. Tur argued that these giant statues could have been made and delivered to the site by the natives of the island, who did not have modern stone-working tools and vehicles. And the results of his research were sensational, although not recognized by most scientists.
Of the controversial theories of Heyerdahl, we also note the version of the connections between the Vikings and the inhabitants of the Caucasus and Azov. He believed that the Vikings came from North Caucasus. But his death in 2002 prevented him from proving this theory.
Numerous books by Heyerdahl about his views on the development of the world and travel, documentaries made about them, are still very exciting and interesting for any person.
Yuri Senkevich
A modern Russian traveler and host of the most popular TV program in our country "Travel Club", a polar explorer, he participated in the 12th Soviet Antarctic expedition.
In 1969, when organizing an expedition to Ra, Thor Heyerdahl wrote a letter to the USSR Academy of Sciences inviting a doctor with good knowledge of in English, with experience in expeditions and a sense of humor. The choice fell on Senkevich. Cheerful and cheerful, with an optimistic outlook on life and the skills of a practicing doctor, Yuri quickly became friends with Heyerdahl and other team members.
Subsequently, they more than once participated in the expeditions of the famous Norwegian. Many of Heyerdahl's studies became known to the Soviet viewer immediately thanks to the TV show hosted by Yuri Senkevich. The "Cinema Travel Club" became for many a window into the world, allowing them to get acquainted with interesting places the globe. The guests of the program were modern travelers: Heyerdahl, Cousteau, Jacek Palkiewicz, Carlo Mauri and many others.
Senkevich took part in the medical support of expeditions to the North Pole and Everest. Yuri Alexandrovich died in 2006 on the set of another TV show.
Tim Severin
Many modern travelers follow the routes of seafarers and pioneers of the past. One of the most famous is Briton Tim Severin.
He made his first journey in the footsteps of Marco Polo on motorcycles. Leaving Venice, Severin and his comrades crossed almost all of Asia and reached the borders of China. Here the journey had to be completed, as permission to visit the country was not received. Further study followed (while sailing along it in a canoe and a motor boat). The next expedition is on the route of St. Brendan across the Atlantic Ocean.
Inspired by the adventures of Sinbad the Sailor, Severin made the transition from Oman to China on sailing ship, guided only by the stars.
In 1984, Severin, with a team of 20 rowers, repeated the route of the Argonauts to Colchis (Western Georgia). And the next year he traveled in the footsteps of Odysseus from the imperishable poem of the same name by Homer.
These are just some of Severin's routes. He wrote fascinating books about his adventures, and for "The Journey of Sinbad" he was awarded the prestigious Thomas Cook Prize.
Modern travelers of the 21st century
Despite the fact that the yard is the 21st century, the spirit of love for adventure and travel has not faded. And now there are people who cannot sit at home in comfort, they are attracted by the unknown, the unknown.
Among them there are also modern travelers of Russia. Perhaps the most famous of them is Fedor Konyukhov.
Fedor Konyukhov
"First" is often added to his name. He was the first Russian to visit the three poles of the Earth: North, South and Everest. He was the first on Earth to conquer five poles - the Pole of Inaccessibility in Antarctica and Cape Horn, considered such for yachtsmen, were added to the previous ones. He was the first Russian to overcome the "big seven" - he climbed the most high peaks all continents, counting Europe and Asia separately.
He has many expeditions, mostly extreme ones. Konyukhov traveled four times on a yacht around the world. Member of the ski crossing "USSR - North Pole - Canada".
His books are read in one breath. And in plans for the future - in a balloon.
Dmitry Shparo
Let's make a reservation right away: this is a polar traveler and explorer. Back in 1970, he led a ski expedition to the islands of Komsomolskaya Pravda. Three years later he traveled to Taimyr in search of the warehouse of the famous polar explorer Eduard Toll. In 1979, under his leadership, the world's first skiing expedition to the North Pole was made.
One of the most famous campaigns - to Canada through the Arctic Ocean as part of a joint Soviet-Canadian expedition.
In 1998, together with his son, he crossed on skis. In 2008, he organized two expeditions to the North Pole. One of them is famous for the world's first reaching the Pole on skis at night. And the second was attended by young people aged 16-18 years.
Dmitry Shparo - organizer of the Adventure Club. The institution holds marathons across the country with the participation of people confined to wheelchairs. The most famous was the international ascent to Kazbek of wheelchair users from Transcaucasia, Norway and Russia.
Modern Travelers
The geography of modern travel is very extensive. Basically, these are little-studied and hard-to-reach areas of the Earth. These hikes most often take place in extreme conditions, requiring the exertion of all forces.
Of course, it is difficult to cover all the names in one article. Anatoly Khizhnyak, who explores little-studied tribes in the Amazon jungle and papua new guinea... Naomi Uemura, who single-handedly made a trip to the North Pole, sailed through the Amazon, conquered Mont Blanc, Matterhorn, Kilimanjaro, Akonkugua, Everest ... the first person to climb all 14 eight-thousanders of the world ... One can write about each of them a separate book. Their adventures inspire travelers.