Republic of Crimea presentation for a lesson in geography (Grade 9) on the topic. A short tour of the Crimean peninsula
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“There are corners of our earth so beautiful that every visit to them causes a feeling of happiness, fullness of life, tunes our whole being to an unusually simple and fruitful lyrical sound. This is the Crimea… Everyone who has visited the Crimea takes with them regret and slight sadness, which memories of childhood evoke, and the hope to see this midday land again”
K.G. Paustovsky
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Geographic reference
The Crimea has a unique combination of reliefs - there are steppe plains and Mountain peaks, cooled volcanoes and mud hills, cozy bays and steep cliffs.
The most picturesque part of Crimea is the Southern Coast of Crimea (South Coast). Nature here in itself is rich, unique and romantic. It is not for nothing that the southern coast is called the Crimean paradise.
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The southern coast of Crimea became known as resort area from the middle of the 19th century. Due to popularity among the aristocracy of the Russian Empire in the late XIX - early XX centuries, intensive construction of light palaces and villas was carried out here, of which the most famous are the Livadia, Massandra, Vorontsov, Yusupov palaces and Dyulber.
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The Crimean rivers are small, but it's true: the spool is small, but expensive. There are more than 150 rivers and streams in Crimea. Most of them are no more than 10 km long. Almost everything starts in the mountains. There, in the damp and gloomy gorges, bright springs come out to freedom. Their waters merge with each other and merrily run down the stony steep channels.
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Kara-Dag
On the southeastern coast of Crimea, between Sudak and Feodosia, there is one of the rarest and most amazingly beautiful corners - mountain range Kara-Dag. The name "Kara-Dag" came down to us from the Middle Ages and in the Turkic languages means "black mountain". This mountain range first attracted the attention of scientists in the 18th century. According to the expressiveness of the landscapes, the outstanding geologist, academician A.P. Pavlov compared Kara-Dag with the world-famous Yellowstone National Park.
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Baidarskaya valley
In the suburbs of Sevastopol there is a well-known Baidarskaya valley.
The valley looks like a volcano crater or a UFO landing site. It is located in a natural amphitheater, surrounded by mountains on all sides. The height of the valley is about 260 meters above sea level, the length is 16 km, the width is 8 km. The Chernaya River flowing through the valley is blocked by a dam in front of the entrance to the Chernorechenskoye Gorge. The result was the Chernorechensk reservoir, which feeds Sevastopol and Foros with fresh water.
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Mount Ayu-Dag
Mount Ayu-Dag is located on the southern coast of Crimea, east of Gurzuf. The height of the mountain is 565 meters, the length is 2.5 km, and the age is 161 million years. By origin, Ayu-Dag is a “failed volcano”-laccolith. Once magma rose from the bowels of the earth, but did not find a way out and froze in the form of a huge dome. Sedimentary rocks weathered over time, and the dome was exposed. The mountain is made of diorite. Its resemblance to a bear, which, as if seized with thirst, fell to the sea to get drunk has long been surprising and gave rise to many legends about this natural monument.
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National composition
According to estimates for 2014, in terms of population, the Republic of Crimea ranks 26th among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Russians are the predominant nationality both in cities and in the countryside. However, in rural areas their predominance is relative, since the share of Ukrainians and especially Crimean Tatars is higher among the villagers.
By the way, today, out of 2 million 200 thousand inhabitants of the Crimean peninsula, there are almost one and a half million Russians, 350 thousand Ukrainians, and about 290-300 thousand Crimean Tatars, who mainly consider Russian as their mother tongue. And this once again proves the inextricable connection between Crimea and Russia.
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SIGHTS OF CRIMEA Crimea has a huge number of sights. Even a month is not enough to examine everything carefully. Crimea (25 thousand km2) is slightly smaller than Belgium, Albania or Haiti, but larger than Israel, Cyprus, Lebanon, Jamaica. The population of Crimea, including Sevastopol, is about 2 million 700 thousand people. The peninsula is diverse natural conditions, a combination of mountains and plains, favorable for Agriculture and has a convenient sea coast. The southern coast of Crimea is called the sub-Mediterranean for the proximity of the main features of its climate, flora and fauna to the Mediterranean coast, the subtropics. The northern, flat part of Crimea has a temperate continental climate. The economy of the peninsula is known for mechanical engineering and production of devices, orchards and vineyards, as well as essential oil crops, where Crimea simply has no equal. The food industry of the peninsula is of export importance. Dozens of rural canning shops maintain the honor of the Crimean brand. Well, the finest Crimean muscats are the best in the world, wines of other brands also meet the most demanding taste. THE SOUTHERN COAST OF CRIMEA PALACE-CASTLE "SWALLOW'S NEST" One of the world-famous symbols of Crimea was built in 1912 on a sheer forty-meter Aurora rock on Cape Ai-Todor near Yalta. Currently, work is underway to strengthen the rock on which the castle stands, because. under the weight of the structure, the rock is gradually destroyed. VORONTSOV PALACE The palace and the adjacent park form a single ensemble located in Alupka at the foot of the picturesque mountain Ai-Petri. The construction of the palace was completed in 1848, and Vorontsovsky Park was equipped for 25 years to become a model of garden art. Today, the palace houses a museum; the interiors have almost completely preserved their original appearance. MASSANDROVSKY PALACE Massandra Palace of Emperor Alexander III. Now it is a palace museum - a branch of the Alupka Palace and Park Museum-Reserve LIVADIA PALACE The Livadia Palace is the pearl of the Southern coast of Crimea. the last building erected in the Russian Empire for the Romanov family. DULBER PALACE Dulber (beautiful) palace built in Koreiz for Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich Romanov in 1895–1897. is an asymmetric two-four-story building with more than a hundred rooms. Architect Nikolai Krasnov YUSUPOV PALACE The Yusupov Palace in Koreiz, near Yalta, is a magnificent neo-Romanesque building. It was built by the famous Yalta architect Nikolai Krasnov for Prince Felix Yusupov MOUNTAIN AYU-DAG (Bear Mountain). The shape of the mountain is characteristic of all laccoliths - the so-called "failed volcanoes". The time of formation is about 150 million years ago. The mountain consists of hard igneous rocks "gabbro-diabase". The mountain is called the natural mineralogical museum of the Southshore. The height of the "Medvedgora" is small - 577 m above sea level, the area is 5.4 square meters. km. The mountain protrudes into the sea for more than two kilometers and ends with capes "Monastyrsky", "Akustani" and "Mussert". MOUNTAIN Ai-Petri Mount Ai-Petri is a peak in the Crimean mountains, part of the Ai-Petri plateau. It is located above the city of Alupka and the village of Koreiz. The height of Mount Ai-Petri is 1234 m. THE GLADE OF FAIRY TALES The Glade of Fairy Tales is an unusual museum in Yalta. The Glade of Fairy Tales was founded in 1960 by a craftsman Pavel Pavlovich Bezrukov. More than 300 sculptures that make up the museum's exposition were created by professional sculptors and craftsmen WESTERN COAST OF THE CRIMEA Evpatoria is one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe: a lot of sightseeing objects, ranging from antiquity to unique space objects and modern centers for children and youth creativity. Aquapark KALOS LIMEN (BEAUTY HARBOR) Antique settlement. This is one of the most valuable monuments of ancient Greek and Scythian culture, which were mentioned by many ancient and medieval authors: Herodotus, Strabo, Flavius Arrian and others. There was once a flourishing Greek settlement here, probably founded in the 4th century BC. BC e. According to some scholars, it was called Yevpatorion. UNDERWATER MUSEUM-ALLEY OF LEADERS To date, the underwater museum "Alley of Leaders" has more than 50 different exhibits Vladimir Borumensky, an amateur diver from Donetsk, laid the foundations of this original museum. Through his efforts, in 1992, the first "inhabitants" of the Tarkhankut underwater kingdom appeared - busts of Lenin, Karl Marx and Klim Voroshilov. Borumelsky said that he planned to place Mao Zedong, Mussolini and Napoleon next to these comrades. Gradually, enthusiastic divers from other cities began to supplement the collection of the museum. KERCHENSKY DISTRICT OF CRIMEA 4 different marine areas: the Black Sea, the Kerch Strait, Azov, Sivash and a dozen healing lakes the exposition of the Tsarsky Kurgan; excavations on Mount Mithridates, where the capital used to be - Panticapaeum; Church of John the Baptist (VIII century) - one of the oldest in Eastern Europe; Turkish fortress Yeni-Kale ( New fortress) - 18th century. MOUNT MITRIDATES The height of Mount Mithridates is 92 meters. The mountain is named after the Pontic king Mithridates VI Eupator (132-63 BC), a descendant of Alexander the Great. Excavations have been carried out on this mountain for many years. Due to this, the remains of the buildings of Panticapaeum were discovered here - which was the capital of the famous Bosporus, the largest craft and trade center of the Northern Black Sea region in ancient times. TSAR MOUND is the tomb of one of the Bosporan kings. Inside the hill there are stone crypts, mute witnesses of the former glory of the city of Panticapaeum. The royal mound is a rare example of ancient architecture, which was supposedly built in the second half of the 4th century BC. TEMPLE OF JOHN THE BAPTIST is an architectural monument of the early medieval Byzantine architecture of the VIII-X centuries. Perhaps the only building that has survived from the heyday of the Tmutarakan principality (X-XI centuries). It is considered one of the oldest temples in the CIS. YENI-KALE Yeni-Kale is a Turkish fortress built approximately in 1699-1706. It occupied an important strategic position due to its location in the narrowest part of the Kerch Strait, where its width is only 4 km and thus controlled the passage of ships between the Black and Azov Seas. In addition, the Yeni-Kale fortress served as the residence of the Turkish pasha. At the moment, an operating railway passes through the territory of the fortress, leading from Kerch to the Kerch ferry crossing (Crimea-Caucasus). EASTERN CRIMEA Sudak; Marine (V. Tsoi), Merry; New World(factory of champagne wines, Museum, tasting room); Kopsel, Meganom, Sunny Valley; Feodosia, Golden Beach, Coastal, Primorsky; Karadag, Koktebel and Ordzhonikidze. GENOEZ FORTRESS According to the legend recorded in the late source “Sudak Synaxar”, the fortress was built in 212 by the Alans, but no archaeological evidence of this date has been found to this day. In this regard, many scientists date its construction to the end of the 7th century and associate it with the Khazars or the Byzantines. The fortress, in addition to the Khazars, Byzantines and Genoese, was also owned by the Polovtsy (XI-XIII centuries), the Golden Horde (XIII-XIV centuries) and the Turks (XV-XVIII centuries). ASANDRA FORTRESS The ruins of an ancient fortress of the second half of the 1st century BC rise above the cliff of the Kutlak Bay. until the beginning of the 1st century AD. The fortress was built by the king Asandra, and was the extreme western defensive point of the Bosporan kingdom. GOLITSINSKAYA TRAIL The mountain path carved on the slope of Koba-Kaya is located to the south-west of Novyi Svet village. It was built in 1912 for the arrival of Tsar Nicholas II on the orders of Prince Golitsyn Lev Sergeevich. CAPE CHAMELEON Depending on the lighting, it changes its color. Throughout the day, the Chameleon is ocher-yellow, and purple, and greenish, and blue, and crimson, and pink. They are explained by the fact that the Chameleon almost entirely consists of clay slates. ALEXANDER GREEN MUSEUM An old sailing ship in the center of Feodosia keeps the secrets of the famous writer. FOOTHILLA CRIMEA Cave towns and monasteries, ruins of ancient temples and active monasteries, modern places of worship, caves, waterfalls, natural monuments: Bakhchisaray; ancient spring Tash-Air; cave cities Bakla and Mangur; Red caves and caves of the Chatyrdag plateau: Marble, Emine-bair-khosar and others; Karabi-yayla; Old Crimea. KHAN'S PALACE IN BAKHCHISARAY The former residence of the Crimean khans has preserved a lot of evidence of the history of those times. The Bakhchisarai Palace presents utensils, weapons, costumes, art objects from the times of the Crimean Khanate. On the territory of the complex is the famous fountain of Bakhchisaray, which inspired Pushkin to write the poem of the same name. TASH-AIR On the territory of the Kachinsky canyon, near Bakhchisarai is located amazing place - a rocky canopy, or rather a grotto - Tash-Air, which literally translated from Turkic means "the stone has separated." This place is remarkable for its ancient rock paintings. People have lived in this grotto since the third millennium BC and left behind a real art gallery - about ten square meters of rock paintings of various subjects. WATERFALL SILVER JETS Located at an altitude of about 900 m above sea level. It is considered one of the most full-flowing waterfalls of the Crimean peninsula. a large overhanging cap of moss, silver trickles of water flowing from it and a grotto hiding in the dark. WATERFALL OVER THE ENTRANCE TO THE RED CAVE MARBLE CAVE LOCATION: SIMFEROPOL IS ON THE PLATEAU OF THE CHATYR-DAG MOUNTAIN MASSIF IN THE CRIMEA. THE MARBLE CAVE WAS DISCOVERED IN 1987. THE ENTRANCE TO IT IS AT 920 M ABOVE SEA LEVEL EMINE-BAIR-KHOSHAR CAVE It is located on Chatyr Dag. a large number of bones of animals of the Ice Age. Currently, a unique underground paleozoological museum is being prepared for the opening of the bones of a mammoth, cave lion, woolly rhinoceros, cave bear, etc. found in the cave. EMINE-BAIR-KHOSAR CAVE CAVES OF CRIMEA. BAKLA (TRANSLATED AS BEANS, BEANS) THE CITY IS FOUNDED IN THE 4th-5th CENTURIES LOCATED ON THE VERY BORDER OF MOUNTAINS AND STEPPES, DIFFERENT FROM OTHER CAVE CITIES BY AN ABUNDANCE OF PIT FOR GRAIN STORAGE CUT DIRECTLY IN THE ROCK. Mangup-Kale is the largest medieval city in this part of the peninsula. ESKI-KERMEN The fortress was founded at the beginning of the 6th century. The main function of the fortress is to protect the approaches to Chersonese. It was a large trade and craft center, which at that time had very good defensive structures CHUFUT-KALE. Until the 13th century, the Alans lived in the fortress, in 1299 the city was captured by the Mongol-Tatars and was named Kyrk-Or "forty fortresses", and later became known as Chufut-Kale "Jewish fortress". This is due to the fact that the predominant part of the population of the city were the Karaites, a special ethnic and religious group of followers of the Pentateuch of Moses - the Old Testament Bible. In 1854, the last inhabitants left ChufutKale. TEPE - KERMEN IN TRANSLATION MEANS "THE FORTRESS ON THE TOP". One of the least explored "cave cities". Archaeological research conducted here in the late 60s and early 70s. 20th century found out that the settlement existed from the 6th to the end of the 13th - mid-14th centuries. However, the vast majority of cultural layers date back to after the 10th century, and dense buildings appear only in the 12th-13th centuries. KARABI YAYLA Karabi-yayla is a mountain range (yayla) as part of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains, the easternmost of the large yayla of Crimea. The average height of the massif is about 1000 m above sea level. The upper plateau of Karabi-yayly is the Kara-Tau ridge, the highest point of which is Mount Tai-Koba (1262 m). Translated from the Crimean Tatar “spring-summer pasture, a place of unexpected disasters”, this characteristic was given to this plateau by shepherds grazing flocks of sheep due to sudden changes in weather conditions TOURISM IN CRIMEA Beach tourism; Cognitive Bicycle tourism; and autotourism; Diving; Extreme tourism; THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
Crimean peninsula attracts the attention of travelers since ancient times. In Crimea, in addition to stunning natural beauties (steppes, mountains, sea coast, alpine plateaus and deep caves), historical and architectural monuments of all historical periods are also represented.
When traveling to Crimea, I recommend visiting the Alupka Palace Museum. The palace was built according to the project of the English architect Edward Blore. The palace harmoniously entered the landscape South Shore Crimea. Let's start our tour of the palace from the wide front yard. It can be reached on foot from Miskhor or by sea along the southern coast.
Our next visit will be the city of Bakhchisaray or "Palace-Garden" (the capital of the Crimean Khanate located in the Churuk-Su valley). Here is the Bakhchisaray Palace built at the beginning of the 16th century by order of Adil Sahib Giray. The architectural style of the palace has been defined as "Asian baroque" with architectural elements. the Seljuks and the peoples of Asia Minor, as well as the Baroque and Renaissance styles.
Our next visit will be the Livadia Palace ( summer residence the last emperor of Ros. imperial Nicholas II), which is located in Yalta. The architect was built. Nikolai Krasnov. Italian Renaissance style. The palace is a whole complex - the Grand Livadia Palace, a building for the retinue, a palace for the minister Baron Frederiks, the Church of the Exaltation and the Italian courtyard. It was in this palace that the Yalta conference of the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition took place and there was a decision to create the UN.
Be sure to visit the Massandra Palace which is located between Alushta and Yalta on the highway " Big Yalta”and a trolleybus runs from Yalta towards the palace (stop “Upper Massandra”). The palace is surrounded by a park of 6 hectares. When built, the palace was intended only for recreation.
The Crimean peninsula occupies a relatively small territory - in area it is 20 times smaller than the Iberian and Balkan Peninsulas, 15 times smaller than Kamchatka and Asia Minor. But Crimea has become famous, significant and attractive largely due to the peculiarities of its nature, and above all, its peculiar geographical position.
There are no wars without losses, and sometimes victory brings so many losses that it looks more like defeat. War is always unpredictable - your opponent can become your ally if you two have common interests. The worst victims of war are the innocent, who are drawn into the fight against their will. War is a way of deception. And sometimes you yourself are deceived.
At dawn on June 22, 1941, fascist planes bombed many Soviet cities, including the main base of the Black Sea Fleet, Sevastopol. As early as June 22-3rd, rallies were held in all cities and villages of the Crimea, at factories, factories, construction sites, educational institutions, collective farms and state farms, at which the working people angrily denounced the fascist aggressors and unanimously declared their determination to defend the socialist Motherland. After the rallies, hundreds of workers went to recruiting stations with a request to send them to the front. In the first days of the war, more than 8.1 thousand communists of Crimea, more than 1/3 of the composition of the regional party organization went to the ranks of the Red Army and the Navy
Nature will act on us with all its power only when we bring our human element into the sensation of it, when our state of mind, our love, our joy or sadness come into full conformity with nature and it will no longer be possible to separate the freshness of the morning from the light of beloved eyes and the measured noise of the forest from reflections on the life we have lived.
Vegetable world The Crimean peninsula is extremely diverse: according to some sources, it has 2,400 wild species of higher plants, according to others, you can find such plants as: walnut, hawthorn, beech and others.
Relationship between uniqueness geographical location Crimea and the originality of the fauna of the peninsula is no less obvious than for the flora, although the animals are more dynamic. In addition to those characteristic of nearby southern regions Ukraine species, we everywhere meet on the peninsula of animals of the Mediterranean range. You can find such plants as: Stingray, owl, dolphin, red deer and others.
Rest in the Crimea has always been in demand, and recently it has become even more attractive. The cost of housing in the private sector of the Crimea is cheaper than in many other resorts, but comfortable and expensive hotels have increased quite a bit. A variety of resorts in the Crimea, a huge number of attractions in all corners of the peninsula make the rest in the Crimea interesting and varied. Eastern coast of CrimeaSouthern coast of Crimea Sevastopol
According to the 2001 census, the population of Crimea is 2.031 million people, of which the four most major cities autonomy - Sevastopol (365.8 thousand people), Simferopol (364 thousand people), Kerch (157.2 thousand people) and Evpatoria (122 thousand people) - 41% live. The share of the urban population of Crimea is 63%, living in rural settlements- 37% (according to the previous census in 1989, this ratio was 70% to 30%).
1. The length of the longest trolleybus route in the world is 86 kilometers, and it runs in the Crimea between Simferopol and Yalta. 2. Another interesting animal of the Crimea can be considered the South Russian tarantula. Its bite can cause anaphylactic shock, and besides, the bite itself is very painful, despite the fact that the size of the spider is only 3.5 cm. 3. The shallowest sea in the world is the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov. It washes the coast of Crimea. The maximum depth of the Sea of Azov is 15 meters.
As a result of the referendum that took place on March 16, 2014. the majority of Crimeans voted for joining Russia. Currently, the Republic of Crimea is a subject of the Russian Federation, which is part of the Crimean Federal District. March 18, 2014 an agreement was concluded on the admission to the Russian Federation of the independent sovereign Republic of Crimea (record in notebooks), proclaimed within the administrative boundaries of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol (received the status of a city of federal significance). March 21, 2014 Putin V.V. signed the federal constitutional law on the entry of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol into the Russian Federation (invite students to evaluate this historical event).
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History of Crimea Compiled by: teacher of history MBOU secondary school No. 26, Krasnoyarsk Besedina E.V.slide 2
ancient history The oldest inhabitants of the Crimea are the Cimmerians (XII century BC). In the middle of the 7th century BC e. part of the Cimmerians was driven back by the Scythians. Here, in the foothills and mountainous Crimea, the Taurians lived. (Tavria) the remains of fortified shelters and residential buildings of the Taurians, their cromlechs - ring-shaped fences made of vertically placed stones
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Greek past In the VI - V centuries. BC e., immigrants from Hellas founded their trading colonies on the coast of Crimea. In the first half of the 5th c. BC e. on the shores of the Black Sea, two independent Greek states. The Republic of Chersonesus (peninsula) Tauride, which included the lands of the western Crimea. The other is the Bosporan autocratic state, whose capital was Panticapaeum (“the way of the fish”).
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Change of tribes The Scythian state in the Crimea lasted until the second half of the III century. n. e. and was destroyed by the Goths. Under the powerful onslaught of the Huns in the IV century. AD they were forced to go to the mountainous places of the Crimea, where they gradually mixed with the descendants of the Taurus-Scythians. TO historical monuments of that period include the so-called cave cities located in Bakhchisarai region and in the area of Sevastopol. In the second half of the 4th century, the invasion of Asian barbarians - the Huns began.
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Byzantium and Crimea After the collapse of the Roman Empire (VI century), Crimea fell into the sphere of influence of Byzantium. The Byzantine emperor Justinian I (527–565), seeking to strengthen his position in Tauris and protect Byzantine possessions on the coast from nomadic steppe dwellers, builds fortresses
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Kiev princes in the Crimea South coast. In 988 (according to other sources - in 989), the prince of Kievan Rus Vladimir, having occupied Korsun, was officially baptized here.
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Mongol-Tatars in the XII century. most of the peninsula became Polovtsian. For the first time, the Mongol-Tatars penetrated the Crimea in 1223. Tavria was conquered by the Mongols in the first half of the 13th century. After the collapse of the Golden Horde, the remnants of the Tatar-Mongols in the Crimea were influenced by Turkic speech and were Turkified.
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Ottoman Empire Since 1475, the Ottoman Turks conquered the Crimea. The main occupation of the Crimean Tatars (as they began to be called much later) in the south was horticulture and viticulture. In the Middle Ages, located at the crossroads of the most important trade routes, Crimea played a prominent role in international trade. Goods went to Ukraine, Russia, Poland, Constantinople, Syria, Iran, the Caucasus, Khorezm.
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The struggle for access to the sea From 1575 to 1637. Zaporozhye and Don Cossacks made about 20 campaigns along the Black and Seas of Azov. In 1628, a 4,000-strong Cossack army led by Hetman Doroshenko broke into the Crimea. In 1637, the Don Cossacks, with the participation of the Cossacks, captured the Turkish fortress of Azov. (temporarily)
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The campaigns of Sophia and Peter I The Crimeans raided the lands north of the Black Sea, captured prisoners and sold them to Turkey. Princess Sofya organizes trips - unsuccessfully. Peter I decided instead of marching on the Crimea to strike at the Turkish fortress of Azov. And he made the Azov campaigns in 1695-1696 However, Peter failed to get access to the Black Sea through the Kerch Strait: he remained under the control of the Ottoman Empire.
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Catherine II The Russian-Turkish war of 1768-74 put an end to the Ottoman domination and, according to the peace treaty of 1774, the Ottomans abandoned their claims to the Crimea. But the raids continued. The second war with Turkey in 1791. In 1792, the Treaty of Jassy was signed, which secured Russia's influence in Bessarabia and Transcaucasia, as well as the annexation of Crimea.
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Crimean War In June 1854, the Anglo-French flotilla began shelling the Russian coastal fortifications in the Crimea, and already in September, the allied landings (Great Britain, France, the Ottoman Empire) began in Evpatoria. In October, the siege of Sevastopol began. On September 11, 1855, Sevastopol fell, but was returned to Russia at the end of the war in exchange for certain concessions.
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1917 Pro-Soviet forces from among the soldiers and workers proclaimed at the beginning of 1918 the Taurida SSR as part of the RSFSR, April-June 1919 - Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic within the RSFSR; The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic is a state formation on the territory of Crimea, formed from a part of the former Taurida province of the Russian Empire, which occupied the area of the Crimean peninsula. Existed in 1921-1946. within the RSFSR
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Crimea during the war In November 1941, the Red Army was forced to leave Crimea on April 11, 1944 Soviet army began an operation to liberate Crimea. The war sharply aggravated ethnic conflicts in Crimea, and in May-June 1944, Crimean Tatars (183 thousand people, Armenians, Greeks and Bulgarians) were evicted from the peninsula.
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Post-war Crimea Since 1946, instead of autonomy, there was the Crimean region. In 1948, Sevastopol received the status of a city of republican subordination of the RSFSR, which was equal to the status of the Crimean region.
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Transfer of Crimea In 1954, due to the difficult economic situation on the peninsula, the Soviet leadership decided to transfer the Crimea to the Ukrainian SSR with the following wording: "Given the common economy, territorial proximity and close economic and cultural ties between the Crimean region and the Ukrainian SSR." On February 19, 1954, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a decree "On the transfer of the Crimean region from the RSFSR to the Ukrainian SSR."
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1990s On August 24, 1991, the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR adopted the Act of Independence of Ukraine. On September 4, 1991, the session of the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea adopted the Declaration on the State Sovereignty of the Republic, which refers to the desire to create a democratic state within Ukraine. At the same time, the Russian parliament also voted to cancel the decision to transfer Crimea to the Ukrainian SSR in 1954. On May 6, 1992, by decision of the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the post of President of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea was introduced. In May 1994, the situation escalated when the Crimean Parliament voted to restore the 1992 constitution, effectively making Crimea independent from Ukraine. However, the leaders of Russia and Ukraine prevented the outbreak of violence. In March 1995, by decision of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and the President of Ukraine, the Constitution of the Republic of Crimea of 1992 was canceled, and the presidency in Crimea was abolished. Crimea at home On March 16, a referendum was held, more than 90% voted “For the reunification of Crimea with Russia as a subject Russian Federation» On March 17, 2014, the independent republic Crimea, in which the city of Sevastopol has special status. On March 18, 2014, an agreement was signed on the entry of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol into the Russian Federation as subjects of the Russian Federation. slide 20
