Presentation on the theme of the sights of Brazil. Тн "Brazil" based on the "great trip"

Abramova Alina

Grade 10 MBOU secondary school No. 1

GUKOVO

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Statue of Christ the Redeemer

Statue of Christ the Redeemer - The famous statue placed on the Corcovado in the city of Rio de Janeiro. It was built in 1931. The monument was built from reinforced concrete material and soapstone. It is considered a symbol of the city and the whole country. The height of the statue is 30 m, the pedestal is 8 m, and the arm span is thirty meters

Inside is the Church of the Holy Trinity, designed for 150 people. A narrow gauge railway leads to the monument. Railway 3.7 km long

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sugar loaf

sugar loaf- a mysterious exotic place in Rio. A 396 m high mountain overlooking the Gulf of Guanabara, the second most important after Corcovado Observation deck Rio. From the top there is a stunning view of the seascapes, the panorama of the night city and the famous statue of Christ.

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Dunes of Lençois Maranes

This place is real paradise and is recognized by many as one of the the most beautiful places throughout Brazil. It is a sea of sand dunes, covering 70 km coastline and extending deep into 50 km. The dunes of Lençua Maranhao are made up of countless pools of blue and green water, which in the rainy season create an amazing contrast with the white sand of the dunes, reaching a height of up to 40 meters. The whole area of this unique place belongs to the Lensua Maranhao National Park. It was founded in 1981 with the aim of preserving 155,000 hectares of this special ecosystem. The park has 2 oases along the banks grow mangrove trees. Here you can see crabs and sea turtles, as well as various migratory birds.

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Iguazu Falls

Iguazu Falls - huge complex waterfalls, located at the junction of the states of Brazil and Argentina, at the intersection of the Parana and Iguazu rivers. They spread out on the territory of bordering eponymous national parks. The crescent-shaped complex consists of many waterfalls, the number of which, depending on the season and water pressure, can reach 275.

The waterfalls were formed after a strong volcanic eruption, as a result of which a large crevice formed in the ground. The age of basalt deposits formed as a result of lava solidification is about 130-140 Ma.

Slide 7

Pantanal

The Pantanal is the largest seasonal swamp in the world, located in the western part of Brazil. The Pantanal is home to 670 species of birds, 242 species of fish, 110 species of mammals, including jaguars and marsh deer, and about 50 species of reptiles.

Slide 8

Maracana

"Maracana" got into the Guinness Book of Records as the most capacious stadium - 180,000 spectators.

The total area of the stadium and the surrounding area exceeds 195,000 square meters

The field is separated from the stands by a small moat filled with water.

Slide 9

Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary

Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary - Cathedral Catholic cathedral V city of Brasilia. The cathedral is a striking masterpiece of modern architectural creativity and construction skills. The cathedral was designed by Oscar Niemeyer, one of the most prominent architects of the 20th century. Oskar Niemeyer, who was the chief architect of the city itself, preferred to use reinforced concrete, metal and glass in his work.

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All the free space between the columns is covered with skillfully made stained-glass windows, painted in bright blue tones, because of which the entire space of the temple is flooded with cool blue light. Through the dome of the cathedral, you can see the blue sky, against which large figures of angels stand out, installed at a height of 31 meters, which seem to soar in the air.

slide 11

Bonito

Bonito is a place of unique beauty located in Brazil. The reservoirs of the area are famous for their crystal clean water, bright colorful inhabitants, green vegetation. The depth of the natural lakes varies, so the Bonito area is ideal for diving of all levels of difficulty. Here is one of the deepest flooded caves. To get to it, you need to go down 100 meters, then a transparent lake will appear before your eyes, going 90 meters down.

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snake island

Queimada Grande - an island in Atlantic Ocean, 35 km from the coast of the Brazilian state of Sao Paulo. Except official name it is also called Serpentine. And this is the real truth. There are no people or animals on this island - only snakes live there, or rather one of the most poisonous snakes in the world - island botrops.

Snakes feed exclusively on birds. Despite the very small size islands (about 5 sq. km.), there are so many snakes that there are several specimens per square meter.

Slide 14

moon valley

The alien landscape is located in the mountainous part of Brazil and is part of national park.

ancient plateau, on which the valley is located, was formed more than 1.8 billion years ago and is the oldest natural ensemble of the purest quartz in the world.

All this time, the quartz rocks have been eroded by the San Miguel River, so they are intricately eroded and perfectly polished.

Rocks dotted with numerous craters, which adds to this amazing place even more extraterrestrial perception. And between the highest of the craters, you can discern the fossilized remains of animals and plants.

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Cathedral of Saint Sebastian

Original Cathedral San Sebastian in downtown Rio de Janeiro is dedicated to the patron saint of the city, Saint Sebastian. The cone-shaped building with a diameter of 106 m and a height of 96 m has an entrance door 18 m wide and can accommodate 20,000 people.

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Huge iridescent windows create a mystical atmosphere, and the cathedral's conical structure lends excellent acoustic properties, leaving visitors in awe as the priests sing their heavenly music.

Slide 17

Monastery of Saint Benedict

Monastery of Saint Benedict - oldest building and the main attraction of Sao Paulo, which has become its symbol. During its 400-year history, the monastery has undergone many transformations, but has always had big influence for the life of the city. São Bento is a working monastery, where services are held every Sunday at 10 am, open to visitors. Masses are accompanied by a church organ with 6,000 pipes, which dates back to 1954.

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Museum of Modern Art in Niteroi

The famous architectural creation in the style of modernism rises on a sheer cliff near the sea. The unusual building was built in 1996 by the famous Latin American architect Oscar Niemeyer. The architect himself explained the idea of creating a building in the form of a bowl: “Once upon a time, a flying saucer flying over the city admired the beauties of these places and decided to stay here forever. Landing on this spot, she laid the foundation for the Museum of Modern Art.”

Slide 20

Fort Mont Serrat

Fort Mont Serrat in Salvador is the best example of military architecture of the colonial period in Brazil. The fortress, which became a symbol of victory over the Dutch invasion, has been transformed into a museum of military and civilian weapons. Fort Mont Serrat was founded in 1586 during the reign of Barreto.

The design of the fortress was modeled after the Italian fortification style. The construction in the form of an irregular polygon protected the entire port of Salvador, despite the fact that there were only 3 guns in service, and the garrison consisted of 16 people

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Church of San Francisco da Penitencia

Behind the modest facade of an elegant church in the center of Rio de Janeiro lies a real masterpiece of the golden hands of Brazilian masters. San Francisco da Penitencia contains more gold than any other church in the New World. The Church of San Francisco da Penitencia (St. Francis' Repentance) was built intermittently for almost a hundred years, until 1733.

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Rio Niteroi Bridge

The Rio Niteroi Bridge is one of the most grandiose places in Brazil. The bridge is one of the largest and longest urban bridges in the world. It links the two cities and reaches 13290 meters. It was built in the early 70s in military mode. This bridge is one of the best architectural structures contemporary art.

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Confluence of the rivers "Meeting of the Waters"

The confluence of waters is a unique natural phenomenon. At this point, the black waters of the Rio Negro merge with the yellow waters of the Solimões River. And it is after this place on all the maps that the river is called the Amazon.

The color of the water is quite simple to explain: Solimões on its way washes out quite a lot of yellow soil, which gives it color, and the Rio Negro flows through more rocky terrain and washes out mostly black rocks that color it.

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Arch Lapa

Lapa Arch is a stone aqueduct in Rio de Janeiro, built in the middle of the 18th century in order to provide the population of the city with clean water from the Carioca River. The two-storey arch reaches a length of 270 meters and a height of almost 18 meters. The colonial artist Leandro Joaquim worked on the arch.

Slide 27

Municipal Theater of Sao Paulo

The building of the Municipal Theater in São Paulo was modeled after the famous Opera in Paris. In a beautiful and majestic building, erected in 1911, there are two full orchestras and a large number of dance and musical ensembles.

The interior of the building is striking in its richness and is considered the main architectural feature Municipal Theater

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Amazonia Stadium

Amazonia Stadium - football stadium in Manaus, Brazil. The stadium will host matches of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The construction of the stadium began on July 12, 2010. The construction budget was initially estimated at 550 million Brazilian reais, but then the government of the state of Amazonas subsidized another 54 million.

Suspension bridge HercilioLuz is a bridge in southern Brazil linking the island of Santa Catarina with the mainland. The bridge starts in the city of Florianopolis, the capital of the island, and is the longest suspension bridge in Brazil, and is also included in the list of the hundred largest suspension bridges in the world.

The total length of the bridge is almost 820 meters, the length of the central span is 340 meters. The weight of the steel structure is almost 5 thousand tons.

Slide 33

Church of Santo Antonio

The Church of Santo Antonio is one of the most luxurious temples in Brazil. It attracts tourists with its golden decoration. It is painted in the Rococo style. Inside the church, visitors can see carved altars adorned with gold. The choirs of the temple are decorated with unusual garlands made of golden flowers.

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Santa Barbara Falls

Santa Barbara Falls is one of the largest waterfalls in Brazil. It has several cascades. From its top, a beautiful view of the canyon of Death opens up. At the bottom of the waterfall you can see four small lakes.

Slide 37

Jau National Park

national park Jau is located in the state of Amazonia. This is one of the largest parks in Brazil. Zhau was founded in 1980 and was listed in 2000 world heritage UNESCO. Jau is famous for its diversity of flora. There are up to 180 different plant species per hectare of forest. A large number of animals also live in the park, including sloths, anteaters, manatees, opossums, armadillos, crocodile and black caimans.

Slide 38

Copacabana beach

Copacabana Beach is one of the most famous beaches not only in Rio de Janeiro, but also in the rest of the world. Its length is about 5 kilometers, and the width is sufficient to accommodate tennis courts and football fields. Copacabana is called a real year-round holiday. Regardless of the time of year, weather or time of day, the beach is constantly teeming with life. Night life on the beach is no less intense than in the daytime, under scorching sun. It is at night that one of the main holidays of the year is held here - the New Year's Eve.

View all slides

Statue of Christ the Redeemer. Statue of Christ the Redeemer - The famous statue placed on the Corcovado in the city of Rio de Janeiro. It was built in 1931. The monument was built from reinforced concrete material and soapstone. It is considered a symbol of the city and the whole country. The height of the statue is 30 m, the pedestal is 8 m, and the arm span is thirty meters. Inside is the Church of the Holy Trinity, designed for 150 people. A narrow-gauge railway with a length of 3.7 km leads to the monument.

Sugarloaf Sugarloaf is a mysterious exotic place in Rio. A mountain 396 m high, towering over the Gulf of Guanabara, the second most important observation deck of Rio after Corcovado. From the top there is a stunning view of the seascapes, the panorama of the night city and the famous statue of Christ.

Dunes of Lençois Maranes This place is a real paradise and is recognized by many as one of the most beautiful places in all of Brazil. It is a sea of sand dunes, covering 70 km of coastline and extending 50 km deep. The dunes of Lençua Maranhão consist of countless pools of blue and green water, which during the rainy season create an amazing contrast with the white sand of the dunes, reaching a height of up to 40 meters. The entire territory of this unique place belongs to the Lensua Maranhao National Park. It was founded in 1981 with the aim of preserving 155,000 hectares of this special ecosystem. The park has 2 oases along the banks grow mangrove trees. Here you can see crabs and sea turtles, as well as various migratory birds.

The Pantanal The Pantanal are the largest seasonal swamps in the world, located in the western part of Brazil. The Pantanal is home to 670 species of birds, 242 species of fish, 110 species of mammals, including jaguars and marsh deer, and about 50 species of reptiles.

Maracana The Maracana Stadium in Rio de Janeiro is not only one of the largest sports facilities in the country, but also a real landmark of the city. The facility was built more than 60 years ago for the World Cup in Brazil, but even today it is amazing. "Maracana" got into the Guinness Book of Records as the most capacious stadium - 180,000 spectators. The total area of the stadium and the adjacent territory exceeds 195,000 square meters. The field is separated from the stands by a small moat filled with water.

Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary The Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary is a Catholic cathedral in the city of Brasilia. The cathedral is a striking masterpiece of modern architectural creativity and building craftsmanship. The cathedral was designed by Oscar Niemeyer, one of the most prominent architects of the 20th century. Oskar Niemeyer, who was the chief architect of the city itself, preferred to use reinforced concrete, metal and glass in his work.

Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary The cathedral, in its form, does not at all resemble a religious building. The entire project of the cathedral is designed in the Art Nouveau style. Most of the building is underground, and on the surface only a dome is visible, assembled from 16 columns, in the form of hyperbolas, symbolizing hands raised to the sky. Popularly, the Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary is called the Cathedral of the Crown of Thorns because of its resemblance to a divine artifact. All the free space between the columns is covered with skillfully made stained-glass windows, painted in bright blue tones, because of which the entire space of the temple is flooded with cool blue light. Through the dome of the cathedral, you can see the blue sky, against which large figures of angels stand out, installed at a height of 31 meters, which seem to soar in the air.

Bonito Bonito is a place of unique beauty located in Brazil. The reservoirs of the area are famous for their crystal clear water, bright colorful inhabitants, and green vegetation. The depth of the natural lakes varies, so the Bonito area is ideal for diving of all levels of difficulty. Here is one of the deepest flooded caves. To get to it, you need to go down 100 meters, then a transparent lake will appear before your eyes, going 90 meters down.

moon valley The alien landscape is located in the mountainous part of Brazil and is part of the national park. The ancient plateau on which the valley is located was formed more than 1.8 billion years ago and is the oldest natural ensemble of the purest quartz in the world.

Cathedral of Saint Sebastian The original Cathedral of San Sebastian in downtown Rio de Janeiro is dedicated to the patron saint of the city, Saint Sebastian. The cone-shaped building with a diameter of 106 m and a height of 96 m has an entrance door 18 m wide and can accommodate 20,000 people.

Cathedral of St. Sebastian From the inside, the dark vaults of the cone break four stained-glass windows shot up from the floor to the ceiling, forming a cross that illuminates the temple with multi-colored rays throughout the day with varying intensity. Huge iridescent windows create a mystical atmosphere, and the cathedral's conical structure lends excellent acoustic properties, leaving visitors in awe as the priests sing their heavenly music.

Monastery of Saint Benedict The Monastery of Saint Benedict is the oldest building and the main attraction of Sao Paulo, which has become its symbol. During its 400-year history, the monastery has undergone many transformations, but has always had a great influence on the life of the city. São Bento is a working monastery, where services are held every Sunday at 10 am, open to visitors. Masses are accompanied by a church organ with 6,000 pipes, which dates back to 1954.

Museum of Contemporary Art in Niteroi The famous architectural creation in the style of modernism rises on a sheer cliff near the sea. The unusual building was built in 1996 by the famous Latin American architect Oscar Niemeyer. The architect himself explained the idea of creating a building in the form of a bowl: “Once upon a time, a flying saucer flying over the city admired the beauties of these places and decided to stay here forever. Landing on this spot, she laid the foundation for the Museum of Modern Art.”

Church of San Francisco da Penitencia Behind the modest façade of an elegant church in the center of Rio de Janeiro hides a real masterpiece of the golden hands of Brazilian masters. San Francisco da Penitencia contains more gold than any other church in the New World. The Church of San Francisco da Penitencia (St. Francis' Repentance) was built intermittently for almost a hundred years, until 1733.

Rio Niteroi Bridge The Rio Niteroi Bridge is one of the most grandiose places in Brazil. The bridge is one of the largest and longest urban bridges in the world. It links the two cities and reaches 13290 meters. It was built in the early 70s in military mode. This bridge is one of the finest architectural structures of contemporary art.

Lapa Arch The Lapa Arch is a stone aqueduct in Rio de Janeiro, built in the middle of the 18th century to provide the population of the city with clean water from the Carioca River. The two-storey arch reaches a length of 270 meters and a height of almost 18 meters. The colonial artist Leandro Joaquim worked on the arch.

Amazonia Stadium Amazonia Stadium is a football stadium in Manaus, Brazil. The stadium will host matches of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The construction of the stadium began on July 12, 2010. The construction budget was initially estimated at 550 million Brazilian reais, but then the government of the state of Amazonas subsidized another 54 million.

Jau National Park Jau National Park is located in the Amazon. This is one of the largest parks in Brazil. Jau was founded in 1980 and in 2000 was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Jau is famous for its diversity of flora. There are up to 180 different plant species per hectare of forest. A large number of animals also live in the park, including sloths, anteaters, manatees, opossums, armadillos, crocodile and black caimans.

Copacabana Beach Copacabana Beach is one of the most famous beaches not only in Rio de Janeiro, but also in the rest of the world. Its length is about 5 kilometers, and the width is sufficient to accommodate tennis courts and football fields. Copacabana is called a real year-round holiday. Regardless of the time of year, weather or time of day, the beach is constantly teeming with life. The nightlife on the beach is no less intense than during the daytime, under the scorching sun. It is at night that one of the main holidays of the year is held here - the New Year's Eve.

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Attractions in Brazil

Abramova Alina Grade 10 MBOU Secondary School No. 1, GUKOVO

slide 2

Statue of Christ the Redeemer.

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sugar loaf

Sugarloaf is a mysterious exotic place in Rio. A mountain 396 m high, towering over the Gulf of Guanabara, the second most important observation deck of Rio after Corcovado. From the top there is a stunning view of the seascapes, the panorama of the night city and the famous statue of Christ.

slide 5

Dunes of Lençois Maranes

This place is a real paradise and is recognized by many as one of the most beautiful places in all of Brazil. It is a sea of sand dunes, covering 70 km of coastline and extending 50 km deep. The dunes of Lençua Maranhão consist of countless pools of blue and green water, which during the rainy season create an amazing contrast with the white sand of the dunes, reaching a height of up to 40 meters. The entire territory of this unique place belongs to the Lensua Maranhao National Park. It was founded in 1981 with the aim of preserving 155,000 hectares of this special ecosystem. The park has 2 oases along the banks grow mangrove trees. Here you can see crabs and sea turtles, as well as various migratory birds.

slide 6

Iguazu Falls

Iguazu Falls is a huge complex of waterfalls located at the junction of the states of Brazil and Argentina, at the intersection of the Parana and Iguazu rivers. They are spread over the territory of the bordering national parks of the same name. The crescent-shaped complex consists of many waterfalls, the number of which, depending on the season and water pressure, can reach 275.

Slide 7

Pantanal

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Maracana

The Maracana Stadium in Rio de Janeiro is not only one of the largest sports facilities in the country, but also a real landmark of the city. The facility was built more than 60 years ago for the World Cup in Brazil, but even today it is amazing. "Maracana" got into the Guinness Book of Records as the most capacious stadium - 180,000 spectators. The total area of the stadium and the adjacent territory exceeds 195,000 square meters. The field is separated from the stands by a small moat filled with water.

Slide 9

Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary

Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary is a Catholic cathedral in the city of Brasilia. The cathedral is a striking masterpiece of modern architectural creativity and building craftsmanship. The cathedral was designed by Oscar Niemeyer, one of the most prominent architects of the 20th century. Oskar Niemeyer, who was the chief architect of the city itself, preferred to use reinforced concrete, metal and glass in his work.

Slide 10

The shape of the cathedral is not at all similar to a religious building. The entire project of the cathedral is designed in the Art Nouveau style. Most of the building is underground, and on the surface only a dome is visible, assembled from 16 columns, in the form of hyperbolas, symbolizing hands raised to the sky. Popularly, the Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary is called the Cathedral of the Crown of Thorns because of its resemblance to a divine artifact. All the free space between the columns is covered with skillfully made stained-glass windows, painted in bright blue tones, because of which the entire space of the temple is flooded with cool blue light. Through the dome of the cathedral, you can see the blue sky, against which large figures of angels stand out, installed at a height of 31 meters, which seem to soar in the air.

slide 11

Bonito is a place of unique beauty located in Brazil. The reservoirs of the area are famous for their crystal clear water, bright colorful inhabitants, and green vegetation. The depth of the natural lakes varies, so the Bonito area is ideal for diving of all levels of difficulty. Here is one of the deepest flooded caves. To get to it, you need to go down 100 meters, then a transparent lake will appear before your eyes, going 90 meters down.

slide 13

snake island

Queimada Grande is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, 35 km off the coast of the Brazilian state of Sao Paulo. In addition to the official name, it is also called Snake. And this is the real truth. There are no people or animals on this island - only snakes live there, or rather one of the most poisonous snakes in the world - island botrops.

Snakes feed exclusively on birds. Despite the very small size of the island (about 5 sq. km.), There are so many snakes there that there are several specimens per square meter.

Slide 14

moon valley

The alien landscape is located in the mountainous part of Brazil and is part of the national park. The ancient plateau on which the valley is located was formed more than 1.8 billion years ago and is the oldest natural ensemble of the purest quartz in the world.

All this time, the quartz rocks have been eroded by the San Miguel River, so they are intricately eroded and perfectly polished. Rocks dotted with numerous craters, which adds to this amazing place even more extraterrestrial perception. And between the highest of the craters, you can discern the fossilized remains of animals and plants.

slide 15

Cathedral of Saint Sebastian

The original Cathedral of San Sebastian in the center of Rio de Janeiro is dedicated to the patron saint of the city, Saint Sebastian. The cone-shaped building with a diameter of 106 m and a height of 96 m has an entrance door 18 m wide and can accommodate 20,000 people.

slide 16

From the inside, the dark vaults of the cone are torn apart by four stained-glass windows shot up from the floor to the ceiling, forming a cross that illuminates the temple with multi-colored rays throughout the day with varying intensity. Huge iridescent windows create a mystical atmosphere, and the cathedral's conical structure lends excellent acoustic properties, leaving visitors in awe as the priests sing their heavenly music.

Slide 17

Monastery of Saint Benedict

The Monastery of St. Benedict is the oldest building and the main attraction of Sao Paulo, which has become its symbol. During its 400-year history, the monastery has undergone many transformations, but has always had a great influence on the life of the city. São Bento is a working monastery, where services are held every Sunday at 10 am, open to visitors. Masses are accompanied by a church organ with 6,000 pipes, which dates back to 1954.

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Museum of Modern Art in Niteroi

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Fort Mont Serrat

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Church of San Francisco da Penitencia

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Rio Niteroi Bridge

Slide 25

Confluence of the rivers "Meeting of the Waters"

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Arch Lapa

Slide 27

Municipal Theater of Sao Paulo

The interior decoration of the building is striking in its richness and is considered the main architectural feature of the Municipal Theater

Slide 29

Amazonia Stadium

The Amazonia Stadium is a football stadium in Manaus, Brazil. The stadium will host matches of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The construction of the stadium began on July 12, 2010. The construction budget was initially estimated at 550 million Brazilian reais, but then the government of the state of Amazonas subsidized another 54 million.

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Aroe-Yari Cave

Aroe Yari Cave is a large grotto located in the Chapada dos Guimaraes National Park, inside which there is a lake with crystal clear water. The cave is made up of sandstone and limestone and is 1,550 meters long and is the largest cave in Brazil. A large number of petroglyphs are carved on the walls of the cave.

At the very end of the cave, underground springs form a lake. The water in it is clean and transparent, often locals call it the "blue lagoon". However, swimming in it is prohibited due to the presence of harmful chemicals in the water.

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Suspension bridge Hercilio Luz

The Hercilio Luz Suspension Bridge is a bridge in southern Brazil that links the island of Santa Catarina to the mainland. The bridge starts in the city of Florianopolis, the capital of the island, and is the longest suspension bridge in Brazil, and is also included in the list of the hundred largest suspension bridges in the world.

The total length of the bridge is almost 820 meters, the length of the central span is 340 meters. The weight of the steel structure is almost 5 thousand tons.

Slide 33

Church of Santo Antonio

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Santa Barbara Falls

The Santa Barbara waterfall is one of the largest waterfalls in Brazil. It has several cascades. From its top, a beautiful view of the canyon of Death opens up. At the bottom of the waterfall you can see four small lakes.

Slide 37

Jau National Park

Jau National Park is located in the Amazon. This is one of the largest parks in Brazil. Jau was founded in 1980 and in 2000 was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Jau is famous for its diversity of flora. There are up to 180 different plant species per hectare of forest. A large number of animals also live in the park, including sloths, anteaters, manatees, opossums, armadillos, crocodile and black caimans.

Slide 38

Copacabana beach

Copacabana Beach is one of the most famous beaches not only in Rio de Janeiro, but also in the rest of the world. Its length is about 5 kilometers, and the width is sufficient to accommodate tennis courts and football fields. Copacabana is called a real year-round holiday. Regardless of the time of year, weather or time of day, the beach is constantly teeming with life. The nightlife on the beach is no less intense than during the daytime, under the scorching sun. It is at night that one of the main holidays of the year is held here - the New Year's Eve.

The Federative Republic of Brazil is the largest state in South America in terms of population and area and the only Portuguese-speaking state in the Americas. Brazil occupies the central eastern part mainland South America. From the west, its borders approach the Andes, and in the east they are washed by the Atlantic Ocean. The country borders all mainland countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela, with the exception of Chile and Ecuador. The total length of the land borders is 16 thousand km, the coastline is about 7.5 thousand km.

Photo 8540. One of the first maps of Brazil

The new land was discovered in 1500 by the Portuguese navigator Pedro Alvares Cabral and was a colony of Portugal until 1815. Since 1889, it has been transformed into a republic with presidential rule. The present Brazil is constitutionally a union of the Federal District, 26 states and 5564 municipalities. Brasilia has been the capital of the country since 1960. Previously, the capital was the city of Rio de Janeiro and until the end of the 18th century the city of Salvador.

Photo 8561. National Flag of Brazil

Brazil's national colors historical legend originate from the color of the clothes of the Braganza dynasty - green, to which the first emperor of Brazil, Pedro I, belonged, and gold - from the black and gold dynastic colors of the Habsburgs, from which his wife, Empress Maria, came. In the year of the declaration of independence of Brazil from Portugal, in 1822, it was Don Pedro 1 who changed the colors of his cockade from blue-white to green-yellow, which symbolized spring, prosperity, endless forest wealth and the country's golden heritage. The same basic combination of colors was later presented on the modern flag of the country. Each star on the blue background of the flag symbolizes the state of Brazil, there are 26 of them in total, and one is dedicated to Federal District where the capital is located. The motto "Order and Progress" is written on the white line - what this country is striving for.

Photo 8542. States of Brazil

In 1922, in honor of the 100th anniversary of independence from Portugal, in Rio de Janeiro on Mount Corcovado, Catholics build a statue of Christ the Redeemer, which becomes a symbol of the country, and since 2007 has been proclaimed one of the Seven New Wonders of the World. This is the most visited place in Brazil by tourists.

Photo 8566. Statue of Christ the Redeemer on Mount Corcovado in Rio de Janeiro

the biggest locality not only Brazil, but throughout South America is the city of Sao Paulo. More than 20 million people live and work in this metropolis. The state of the same name is industrial center the whole country. Approximately 100 kilometers from Sao Paulo to the Atlantic Ocean in the city of Santos is the largest sea port countries.

Photo 8569. panorama of big city in Brazil - Sao Paulo

Territory

The territory of Brazil is 8.5 million square kilometers, which is slightly smaller than the territory of all of Europe and slightly less area USA, half the size of Russia, 3 times the size of Kazakhstan and 14 times the size of Ukraine. Brazil ranks 5th in the world in terms of its territory and occupies 5.7% of the entire land area of the planet and 0.65% of the water surface. The length of the country from north to south and from west to east is 4.3 thousand km.

Photo 8539. Brazil map

Relief

The northern part of the country is a vast valley of the Amazon region with one of largest rivers in the world - the Amazon. The middle part of the country is covered with hilly plains with elevation changes from 150 meters to 1.2 kilometers. Almost the entire remaining territory of the country is occupied by the Brazilian Plateau, which rises to the south and northeast and abruptly breaks off to the narrow edge of the Atlantic coastal lowland with the highest point of 2890 m on Mount Bandeira. In the west, the accumulative lowland of the upper reaches of the Paraguay River - the Pantanal enters the territory of Brazil.

Climate

Brazil has a hot climate. Average monthly temperature ranges from 16 to 29°C. Only on the high eastern massifs average temperature July from 12 to 14°C and even frosts are possible. The rainfall regime and climate types in Brazil are different. The Amazon has an equatorial humid climate big amount precipitation per year. In the east of the Amazon - subequatorial with a dry period of up to 3-4 months. In the center of the country, a subequatorial humid climate with large temperature fluctuations prevails. The climate is humid tropical in the south and subtropical in the elevated eastern regions.

Photo 8562. Endless forests of the Amazon

Economy

The national currency of the country is the Brazilian real. Brazil has the ninth largest economy in the world by nominal GDP - in this ranking the United States is in first place, Russia is in 12th place, Ukraine is in 60th place and Kazakhstan is in 55th place. Brazil ranks seventh in terms of GDP calculated at purchasing power parity. Economic reforms brought the country international recognition. Brazil is a member of such international organizations as the UN, G20, WTO, Mercosul and the Union of South American Nations, and is also one of the BRICS countries.

Photo 8564. BRICS

The average inflation in the country over the past 12 months was about 4.5%.

About 50 types of mineral raw materials are mined in Brazil, including: iron and manganese ores, non-ferrous metal ores, bauxites and potash salts. Here, the largest number of precious and semi-precious stones in the world are extracted from the earth. The pride of the country is the Imperial topaz, which is not mined by any country on the planet. Gold, oil and natural gas are being mined.

Photo 8563. Civil aircraft Brazilian company Embraer

Brazil today is one of the leaders in the global market for passenger regional aircraft. The Embraer aircraft company claims to be the third largest aircraft manufacturer after Airbus and Boeing.

Photo 8576. Brazilian car brand Troller (Troller)

Since 1995, Brazil has been producing its own brand of SUV Troller T4 (Troller T4). In 2008, a record 10,000 cars were sold.

National bicycle brand Caloi with the launch of the first model in 1948.

Photo 8548. sugarcane plantation

Brazil is the largest producer of sugar in the world, as well as the largest in the cultivation of coffee, oranges and one of the largest suppliers of cocoa. In the production of coffee, Brazil, since the first half of the 19th century, has been in first place in the world. Over the past 12 months, more than 3 million tons of green Arabica have been sold.

Photo 8557. Brazilian coffee - Arabica

The country is also the largest exporter of soybeans. A significant portion (over 90%) of Brazilian soy is genetically modified. The most important buyers of Brazilian soybeans are the US, China and Indonesia. Brazil is one of the ten largest exporters of wheat.

Brazil is the 20th largest exporter in the world. The country receives the largest profit from the sale of minerals and minerals (17.3%). Next comes crude oil and fuels produced from it (12.1%), then soybeans (9.4%), chemical products (6.3%), meat (6%), coffee (3.4%), sugar and others. The main buyer of Brazilian exports are Asian countries (30%) and the most important of them is China, the Americas (22%) and the biggest buyers are the USA and Argentina, followed by Europe (21%).

Photo 8577. Cachaça is the national spirit of Brazil

The national spirit of Brazil is cachaca, made from fermented pure sugarcane juice by distillation.

Energy

In terms of energy consumption, Brazil ranks tenth in the world and first in Latin America. The main feature of the Brazilian energy sector is that most of the energy in the country is produced from renewable sources. The country is the largest producer of ethanol, a sugar cane fuel. Because of this, Brazil is sometimes referred to as a bioenergy superpower. Oil and natural gas are the main non-renewable energy sources.

Photo 8549. Itaipu hydroelectric power plant - the largest in the world until 2012

In connection with the growth of world oil prices already at the beginning of 2004, the production and export of ethanol made from sugar cane became economically justified. In fiscal year 2005, the country produced 16.6 billion liters of ethanol, which is a historical maximum, and its relative share in Brazil's fuel mix increased to 20%.

Photo 8559. Angra nuclear power plant, located near the city of Angra dos Reis in the state of Rio de Janeiro

Brazil generates 90% of its electricity from hydroelectric power plants. Hydro resources are located unevenly - more than 70% of them are concentrated in the north of the country and only 12% - in the southeast. Brazil can produce up to 600 billion kWh of electricity per year. 4% of energy is obtained from peaceful atom at the country's only nuclear power plant "Angre" with two reactors.

Nature

Brazil is dominated by forests on red clay soil. In terms of hardwood reserves, Brazil ranks first in the world. In the middle part there are shrouds with low shrub vegetation and light forests. In the evenly humid south, evergreen deciduous and mixed forests of coniferous Brazilian araucaria appear with evergreen deciduous undergrowth. The Pantanal has a large swampy area.

Photo 8547. Fernando de Noronha Island

The high diversity of fauna that takes place in Brazil can be explained by the considerable size of the country, as well as the great variation in the types of its ecosystems. Brazil has largest number primate species among all countries (about 77 species), the largest number of freshwater fish species (more than 3,000 species). It ranks second in the number of amphibian species, third in the number of bird species, and fifth in the number of reptile species. Many of the species are threatened, especially those that live in ecosystems that are now largely destroyed, such as the Atlantic forest.

Photo 8567. Jaguar

society

Brazil ranks fifth in the world in terms of population, which is almost 210 million people, which is 1.5 times less than in the United States and almost 1.5 times more than in Russia. Average age Brazilian 33 years old (the age of Christ). The average life expectancy of people in Brazil is approaching 73 years, which is higher than the global average of 71 years. There are not many more women (50.8%) than men (49.2%) in the country. About 364 children are born per hour in Brazil, which is 1.7 times more than in Russia (212 per hour) and 1.2 times less than in the USA. About 146 people die on average per hour, which is 1.5 times less than in Russia (232) and 2 times less than in the USA. The country is inhabited by ethnic mixtures of Europeans and Asians (76%), Africans (15%) and Indians (9%). Most of the people, 54%, are white, pards and mulattos make up 39%, and about 6% of the population are black.

Photo 8543. Brazilian people

Brazil abolishes slavery in 1888 last country in America and becomes a year later (in 1889) a republic with presidential rule. In a hidden form, slavery and forced labor persist in Brazil to the present day.

Brazil today ranks first in the world in terms of the number of non-contact people - those who live without contact with modern civilization. These include tribes of Indians living in the jungle of the Amazon in the wild.

The average salary in the country is about 2,000 reais (about 650 US dollars or 35,000 rubles). 66% of the population receives an average of 1,000 reais per month (approximately 325 US dollars or 17,500 rubles). 10% of Brazil's population currently lives below the poverty line, down 65% from 8 years ago. Social inequality in the country has thus reached its lowest level in the last 50 years.

Photo 8568. Brazilian currency - Real

Unemployment in the country hovers around 10%. 8% of the population cannot read or write - that's almost 17 million people.

culture

Portugal, the former metropolis, Africa, the source of slaves, and local indigenous people, the Indians, had a significant impact on the culture of the country. The main cultural heritage of Portugal, left in Brazil, is the Portuguese language - one of the richest and most beautiful languages of the world, in which the masterpieces of Brazilian literature are written. The official and practically the only spoken language of the country is Portuguese.

Second cultural heritage West - the Catholic religion and associated calendar holidays and cultural traditions such as Christmas and Easter. By religion, the majority of Brazilians (64%) are Catholics, making Brazil the country with the largest Catholic population in the world. The number of Catholics in the country is approaching the population of Russia.

Sport

Sports are of great importance in Brazil. Football is the national sport. The era of Brazilian football begins in the middle of the 20th century with the appearance of the first professional teams. Stars such as Garrincha, Pele, Romario, then Ronaldo, Kaka, Ronaldinho, Roberto Carlos and others lit up in the world sky. Brazil participated in the FIFA World Cup 20 times - 100% attendance. The Brazilian national football team has won the FIFA World Cup a record five times.

Photo 8571. Football players Pele and Neymar

Brazil has hosted the FIFA World Cup twice in history, in 1950 and 2014. Thanks to the love of football, sports such as beach soccer, mini-football, foot volley and foot golf appear and spread in Brazil.

Photo 8572. Brazilian Formula 1 driver Ayrton Senna on his car

A new martial art is rapidly gaining popularity in the world - Brazilian jiu-jitsu, born at the beginning of the 20th century from a mixture of martial arts, boxing, freestyle wrestling and street fighting of the Brazilian favelas. Kicks, head kicks, choking and painful techniques are allowed here. The Official Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu League was established in Rio de Janeiro in 1990. In 1996, the League created a team for fights without rules "vale-tudo".

Photo 8573. brazilian jiu-jitsu

Capoeira is the national martial art of Brazil, which has a history of more than three centuries. Capoeira arose as a self-defense of dark-skinned slaves from overseers. Since the hands of the slaves were often chained, most capoeira strikes are done with the feet. Many strikes are done with support on one or two hands in order to free the legs as much as possible. Capoeirista competitions (roda de capoeira) are held to the accompaniment of rhythmic music and singing. Capoeira is now very popular all over the world, in almost every European country, Canada and the USA have their own capoeira association.

Photo 8574. capoeira

In 2016, the XXXI Summer Olympic Games were held in Rio de Janeiro, where the Brazilians won 7 gold, 6 silver and 6 bronze medals. These were the most cost-effective games in their history, which did not spoil their brightness and quality.

Photo 8575. Brazilian Olympic Champions 2016

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Iguazu Falls Iguazu Falls is a huge complex of waterfalls located at the junction of Brazil and Argentina, at the intersection of the Parana and Iguazu rivers. They are spread over the territory of the bordering national parks of the same name. The crescent-shaped complex consists of many waterfalls, the number of which, depending on the season and water pressure, can reach 275. The waterfalls were formed after a strong volcanic eruption, as a result of which a large crevice formed in the ground. The age of basalt deposits formed as a result of lava solidification is about 130-140 Ma.

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The snake island of Queimada Grande is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, 35 km off the coast of the Brazilian state of Sao Paulo. In addition to the official name, it is also called Snake. And this is the real truth. There are no people or animals on this island - only snakes live there, or rather one of the most poisonous snakes in the world - island botrops. Snakes feed exclusively on birds. Despite the very small size of the island (about 5 sq. km.), There are so many snakes there that there are several specimens per square meter.

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Valley of the Moon Alien landscape is located in the mountainous part of Brazil and is part of the national park. The ancient plateau on which the valley is located was formed more than 1.8 billion years ago and is the oldest natural ensemble of the purest quartz in the world. All this time, the quartz rocks have been eroded by the San Miguel River, so they are intricately eroded and perfectly polished. Rocks dotted with numerous craters, which adds to this amazing place even more extraterrestrial perception. And between the highest of the craters, you can discern the fossilized remains of animals and plants.

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Mont Serrat Fort The Mont Serrat Fort in Salvador is the finest example of military architecture from the colonial period in Brazil. The fortress, which became a symbol of victory over the Dutch invasion, has been transformed into a museum of military and civilian weapons. Fort Mont Serrat was founded in 1586 during the reign of Barreto. The design of the fortress was modeled on the Italian style of fortifications. The construction in the form of an irregular polygon protected the entire port of Salvador, despite the fact that there were only 3 guns in service, and the garrison consisted of 16 people

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Confluence of the rivers "Meeting of the Waters" Confluence of waters is a unique natural phenomenon. At this point, the black waters of the Rio Negro merge with the yellow waters of the Solimões River. And it is after this place on all the maps that the river is called the Amazon. The color of the water is quite simple to explain: Solimões on its way washes out quite a lot of yellow soil, which gives it color, and the Rio Negro flows through more rocky terrain and washes out mostly black rocks that color it.

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Municipal Theater of São Paulo The building of the Municipal Theater in São Paulo is modeled on the famous Opera in Paris. In a beautiful and majestic building, erected in 1911, there are two full orchestras and a large number of dance and musical ensembles. The interior decoration of the building is striking in its richness and is considered the main architectural feature of the Municipal Theater

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