The population of foreigners for a year is. The history of the emergence of the village of foreigners in the Stavropol Territory. The village of foreigners is a unique place kmv
Minor Academy of Sciences MBOU "South-Russian Lyceum of the Cossacks and Peoples of the Caucasus" of the resort city of Zheleznovodsk XIIopen scientific conference of schoolchildren
Section of Natural and Mathematical Sciences (Mathematics)
Research work on the topic:
"Sights of the village of Inozemtsevo in figures and facts"
Golubeva Olga Sergeevna,
Basic comprehensive school of the SSPI branch in Zheleznovodsk, 5 "A" class
Scientific adviser: Romanko Olga Nikolaevna,mathematic teacher,Iqualification category
Zheleznovodsk, Inozemtsevo settlement, 2016
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2. House Roshke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
INTRODUCTION
In families that have given the world celebrities, it happens that one of the brothers or sisters remains unknown. Such a fate was prepared for the resort village of Inozemtsevo Stavropol Territory. Ask anyone about the CMS resort cities (Caucasian Mineral water). They will name everything, except for the urban-type settlement, spread out near Mount Beshtau between Pyatigorsk and Zheleznovodsk, in which it has been an administrative part since the end of the last century.
Quiet village located in a very picturesque place between famous mountains- Beshtau and Mashuk. A corner of a fertile land where you can walk along the wooded slopes of the high mountain KMV (Beshtau city - height 1400 m), relax on the shore of Lake Karras within the boundaries of the village, inhale clean and healthy air and drink no less healing mineral water.
The village of Inozemtsevo is a historical, original and unique place Caucasian Mineral Waters.
Without historical memory, the state and its people have no future. But not only the future, but there is no present either. The village of Inozemtsevo has its own unique historical and modern places who are worthy special attention. Sights have an impact on the cultural, educational, economic development of the village and on the life of the population.
In the regional tourism Inozemtsevo can take one of the leading places. The task of local historians, historians, local authorities is to do everything possible to identify, register objects of historical and cultural significance in order to attract tourist flows to this interesting corner of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. This is whatrelevance this topic.
The purpose of the work is to determine the role of attractions in the social, economic, cultural and historical development of the village of Inozemtsevo.
Research novelty manifested in the definition of links between historical objects cultural heritage and modern.
Research objectives:
Explore scientific literature on this topic;
Determine the role of attractions in the development of the village;
Summarize and systematize the conclusions on the studied topic.
Research methods:
Analysis of historical literature;
Comparison of the material with subsequent generalization of the results obtained.
Chapter 1
mysterious world North Caucasus, life and customs of the highlanders attracted the attention of European missionaries, who hoped to convert the local population to Christianity, which was widely developed in these places in the 9th - 10th centuries. Emperor Alexander I was also interested in the speedy economic development of the Caucasus. That is why permission was given for the arrival of Scottish missionaries-colonists in the region of the Caucasian Mineral Waters for "spreading industriousness, crafts and factories in the region, sparsely populated, adjacent to the peoples of the Mohammedan confession, who have no education." There are several historical periods in the development of the village: the Scottish colony of Karras (1802 - 1825), the German colonies of Karras and Nikolaevka (1835 -1941), the villages of Karras and Nikolaevka (1941 - 1959), the resort-type settlement of Inozemtsevo as part of Zheleznovodsk (1959 - 1983), the urban-type settlement of Inozemtsevo since 198 3 years.
Autumn 1802. Henry Brunton, Alexander Paterson, Eloram Garrison settle as guests in the village of Karras. Each of the brothers had their own slaves, warriors, heirs. The following year, more missionaries come from Scotland, slaves are redeemed from the highlanders - children, women and men to convert them to Christianity (one person cost 200 silver rubles). There is a high mortality among the colonists from the epidemic of plague, fever and dysentery. At the end of 1805, the Scottish colony received "6489 tithes 1298 sazhens of convenient land and 7566 tithes 2048 sazhens of uncomfortable land", and in December 1806 Emperor Alexander I signed the Letter of Complaint on the establishment of the Scottish colony. A powerful impetus to the economic development of the colony was given by the arrival in 1809 of the first German families in the amount of 70 souls. Gradually, there are more and more German settlers from the Saratov province, and in 1819 the German colony Nikolaevskaya is established, which begins to play an important role in supplying vegetables, fruits, grapes, milk, meat, honey, bread, flowers and other agricultural products to the resort groups Kavminvod. In 1823 Zheleznovodsk was connected by a road passing through the village to Pyatigorsk. In 1894, the Mineralnye Vody - Kislovodsk railway was built, which breathed new life to the colony. Karras station is being formed, solid stone houses are being built.
In 1935, the Scottish Mission ceased to exist, the settlements of Karras and Nikolaevskoye became completely German.
In 1925, the settlements were registered with the Karras village council of the Goryachevodsk district of the Terek district and consisted of: in Karras - 240 houses, population - 1792 people; in the Nikolaev colony - 427 houses, population - 1415 people. In 1928, the village councils Karrasky and Nikolaevsky were transferred to the Mineralnye Vody region. 1959 was an important date in the history of the settlements, they were merged into a single resort village of Inozemtsevo, which became part of Zheleznovodsk. The name was derived from the eponymous railway station. And the Inozemtsevo station, in turn, was named after the manager of the Vladikavkaz railway Ivan Dmitrievich Inozemtsev. Distance to the regional center: 180 km.
Ivan Dmitrievich Inozemtsev Panorama of the colony Karras with the house of engineer I.D. Inozemtseva.
Since that time, the village began to develop rapidly. A dairy plant, a winery were put into operation, a secondary school and a polyclinic were built. The village also becomes a real resort. The children's rheumatological sanatorium "Solnyshko", the sanatoriums "Geologist of Kazakhstan", "Voskhod", "Mashuk" took Russians and residents of the CIS countries for rest and treatment. In 1983, the settlement received the status of an urban-type settlement.
Chapter 2. CULTURAL HERITAGE OF INOZEMTSEVO VILLAGE
2.1. House of Ivan Dmitrievich Inozemtsev
Inozemtsevo - has a rich cultural - historical heritage. IN different time the village was visited by prominent Russian writers and poets, such as A.S. Pushkin, M.Yu. Lermontov, V.G. Belinsky, A.I. Odoevsky. There are many attractions in Inozemtsevo notable places with its history.
The house of I. D. Inozemtsev is the mansion of the manager of the Rostov-Vladikavkaz railway, engineer Ivan Dmitrievich Inozemtsev, named after him. This house was built by Inozemtsev according to his own design. The house is a luxurious brick two-story mansion, in which Inozemtsev settled with his family in 1908.
This is the building, from the balcony of which K. Zetkin spoke to the residents of the village of Karras. Clara Zetkin is a German politician and women's rights activist. It is believed that she is the author of the idea of International Women's Day - March 8.
In 1930, the house of I. D. Inozemtsev was given into the ownership of the Terek Department of Public Education. Now the mansion houses the Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute and the Basic School.
Over the 85 years of its existence, the educational institution has grown good personnel not only for schools and kindergartens, but also for work at the institute itself.
House of I.D. Inozemtsev
It is possible to conduct a study, what could have happened if this building had not been given to the education department about 85 years ago?
Let's formulate a hypothesis: without the existence of the institute, the population in the village would be smaller, the literacy rate would be lower.
Many students come from different cities Russia to study at SSPI, after graduation they are employed and remain to live in Inozemtsevo. From 1933 to 2015, the population increased, with about 2,000 people living on this moment time according to the results of the census - 28,500 people.
The level of literacy of the population has increased. In the 50s, graduations and enrollments were approximately - from 90 to 142 people, by 2015 - 854 students.
After the study, our hypothesis was confirmed.
No matter how the name changed over the decades (technical school, college, college, institute), the spirit of professionalism, skill, love for children remained unchanged. Teachers and students love the century-old building of the main academic building with its ancient architecture, turrets, beautiful and cozy, the main thing for them is to preserve the best traditions. House of I.D. Inozemtsev is a historical heritage that has made a great contribution to the formation of the village.
2.2. House Roshke
The house of Gottlieb Roschke is considered a historical monument. The modest building in the heart of the village of Inozemtsevo got its name in honor of the first owner, the German chef Gottlieb Roschke. He moved to the Caucasus in the German colony of Karras in 1814 and opened a coffee shop here.
Yes, not just arranged, but agreed with the administration of the resorts that all excursions should stop near his house. Whether this was the reason for the popularity, or really delicious coffee was served along with German muffins (Roschke's contemporaries recognized this), but the establishment of the foreman of the colonists was not empty. And the names of some of the visitors who honored Roschke's coffee house with attention worked better than any advertisement: Leo Tolstoy (celebrated his birthday), Pushkin, Glinka, Belinsky and who spent last hours life of Lermontov.
Former coffee house in the German colony of Scots, now Roschke's housefound by the researcher of the museum "Lermontov's House" V.Ya. Simanskaya in the late 1950s and is marked with a memorial plaque.
In 1983, the Roschke house was restored and restored to its former appearance. It housed a children's library and a small exhibition dedicated to the work of M.Yu. Lermontov. Then the library was closed, and the building remained abandoned.
HouseGottlieb Roschke
The authorities of the resort city of Zheleznovodsk in 2016 plan to restore the old German courtyard and open a museum in it.
We will conduct a study of how the discovery of the historical cultural center, where the opening of an exposition dedicated to the history of the village of Inozemtsevo for the development of children will take place.
Hypothesis: the opening of the museum in the Roshke house will increase the level of cultural development of more than 2.5 thousand school-age children.
There are 4 general education schools in Inozemtsevo, 1 correctional general education boarding school, each of which has hundreds of children.
Basic school - 343 people;
Secondary school No. 4 - 516 people;
Secondary school No. 5 - 794 people;
South - Russian Lyceum of the Cossacks and the peoples of the Caucasus - 980 people;
Special (correctional) boarding school - 148 people.
The creation of the museum will allow schoolchildren to learn about the history of the emergence and development of the village, to get acquainted with the names of prominent people who have contributed to the cultural and historical heritage. Museum staff will provide interesting information about the archaeological monuments of the village, which is already little known (for example, in 1881 more than 5000 burial mounds were found, 6 cemeteries of the Scythian time were discovered in the vicinity of the village, 14 burials were explored).
Thus, the hypothesis put forward is correct, with the advent of the museum in the village, thousands of children will be able to visit it and enrich their knowledge with information about historical facts origin of the settlement, its archaeological sites, cultural sites and attractions.
In 2016, Roschke's house will be restored. To date, the collection of archival documents, items of ancient household utensils, clothing, furniture. The opening of the historical center will affect the cultural development of the residents of the village.
2.3. Mass grave in the village of Inozemtsevo
The mass grave of Soviet soldiers who died during the liberation of the village is a place that deserves the attention of every person.
On the northwestern outskirts of the village of Karras (now the village of Inozemtsevo) in the summer of 1918, during civil war, ten Red Army soldiers and one peasant with a son of 10-12 years old were buried in a mass grave.
In 1937, the mass grave was improved by installing an obelisk with a star and an iron fence.
During the Great Patriotic War, in August 1942, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Inozemtsevsky winery, the Nazis killed Lieutenant Tikhoshin Polikarp Romanovich. He was buried on the territory of the plant. Later, when the warehouse of the winery was being built, the remains of the lieutenant were transferred to a mass grave. A Red Army soldier who died from a severe wound is also buried here. His last name remained unknown.
In 1953, a bronze sculpture of a warrior, symbolizing the unknown soldier, was installed on the mass grave.
In the spring of 1983, on the occasion of the 38th anniversary great victory, on the site of the mass grave, the Eternal Flame Memorial was built.
By the 40th anniversary of the Great Victory, in 1985, memorial inscriptions of 40 names of the inhabitants of the village who died on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War were installed on the portal.
In 1989, the memory of 30 more soldiers who were called to the front from the village of Inozemtsevo and died in battles for the Motherland was additionally perpetuated on the portal of the Memorial. Thus, at present, the "Eternal Flame" covers the names of seventy dead defenders. Every year, hundreds of residents of the village of Inozemtsevo come to the memorial to honor their memory.
The mass grave of Soviet soldiers is an object of cultural heritage of the village of Inozemtsevo. A visit to this place brings together people of different religious denominations (there are 4 of them in the village) and nationalities (about 30).
The ethnic composition of the village
78,06 %
9,21 %
4,26 %
1,45 %
other 7,01 %
By the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory in all educational institutions of the village, preparations were actively underway. On May 8, 2015, about 3,000 schoolchildren and pupils of senior groups of kindergartens, as well as their parents, teachers, educators and other people took part in a solemn rally at the Eternal Flame memorial and in the Immortal Regiment action. A column of people with photographs of WWII participants stretched for 510 meters, this is the distance from the Luch cinema, where the procession began, to the memorial.
Almost all residents of the village of Inozemtsevo and the city of Zheleznovodsk took part in the anniversary celebration, including 20 disabled people and 53 participants in the Great Patriotic War, 217 widows of participants, 8 former underage prisoners of concentration camps and 8 residents of besieged Leningrad, 20 veterans of the last military conscription, 517 home front workers.
The mass grave of Soviet soldiers who died during the liberation of the village is historical monument, a cultural heritage site that brings together thousands of people. It instills a sense of patriotism and the deepest respect for our ancestors who died for our bright future.
2.4. Sanatorium-resort complex
Inozemtsevo is a resort village and is famous for its medicinal properties. health-improving complexes. The sights of the village include sanatoriums. Currently, there are 4 health resorts on the territory of Inozemtsevo (sanatorium "Mashuk Aqua - Therm", "Geologist of Kazakhstan", "Forest" and children's sanatorium"Solar"). Bed capacity is 800 beds. Almost 10 thousand people improve their health every year in the resort village.
One of the famous sanatoriums is "Mashuk Aqua - Therm". In 2013 and 2015 "Mashuk Aqua-Therm" became the Laureate of the National Competition "The Best Sanatoriums Russian Federation". In June 2008, the world's first and so far the only monument dedicated to enema was installed on its territory. It is a bronze monument weighing 350 kg and 1.5 meters high, made in the form of a composition of three angel-like children carrying a large pear-shaped enema raised above their heads.
Health resort "Mashuk Aqua - Therm" is located on a well-groomed protected area of 12.5 hectares, on which there is a well of mineral thermal water"Zheleznovodsk" type - the well-known Slavyanovsk source. The temperature of the water from this source reaches 55 degrees. This mineral water is used for drinking treatment of visitors to the sanatorium.
On the territory of the village Inozemtsevo there is a unique source - Batalinsky. In 1856, Fyodor Batalin discovered a bitter-salty spring, the water of which had a persistent laxative effect. Before the revolution, up to 1.5 million so-called half-bottles of Batalinsky water went to Europe, and each cost a ruble in gold. But in 1974, after a nearby park was sprayed, pesticides appeared in the water. Since then, the spring has been cleaned up for a long time, but was officially closed, although they still delivered healing water to the Kremlin hospital, which was poured by hand once a month. The Batalinsky spring is still capable of producing 12 cubic meters of water per day. Don't be embarrassed by the low "productivity" of the source: the rate of intake of this water, which has an analogue in Europe only in Hungary, is 120 grams per day. The Batalinsky spring has not yet been returned to service. If the source is opened over time, then there will be more holidaymakers in the village, since 40% of the Russian population has deviations of the gastrointestinal tract, and this water can heal this disease.
Sanatorium - spa treatment and servicing vacationers is one of the leading sectors of the economy of the village.
Chapter 3. FUTURE PROSPECTS
One of the large-scale investment projects planned for implementation on the territory of the village of Inozemtsevo is the "Valley of Mineralnye Vody". The project implementation period is 2012 - 2018. The complex development of the territory of 1,430 hectares, the construction of sanatorium-resort, shopping and entertainment, sports and recreational activities, and residential development are expected.
What social effect can the project lead to by 2020?
Of course, the creation of at least 4,200 new permanent jobs, an increase in the number of vacationers in the sanatorium and resort complex - up to 150 thousand people a year.
Thus, the implementation of the project will lead to an increase in the income of the village budget. As the number of jobs increases, the unemployment rate will decrease. More than 4,000 people will be employed. Construction resort complex will have a positive impact on the development of the economy of the village. 42.5 billion rubles were allocated for the implementation of the project, the workload of the complex during the season will have to correspond to 100%.
Land distribution: sanatorium - resort area– 245 ha; trade and entertainment zone - 355 hectares; residential area - 400 ha; warehouse area - 80 ha; administrative zone - 45 ha; forest park zone - 150 ha; sports and recreation area - 155 hectares; vineyards (territory of further development) - 1000 ha.
The Inozemtsevo resort has favorable conditions for improving the quality of life of the population and improving the infrastructure of the village.
CONCLUSION
Inozemtsevo is a resort village with its own history and places that deserve special attention.
In this work, sights that play a big role in the social, historical, cultural and economic development of the village were considered.
The existence of the House of I.D. Inozemtsev, now the Pedagogical Institute, influenced the increase in the number of people living in the village, from 1930 to 2015 the population increased by 13.2 times. The literacy rate of the population has increased, in 1897 the number of literate people over the age of 9 years was only 24%.
There are prerequisites for the development of a tourist complex in Inozemtsevo. By 2015, the number of holiday-goers who come to the sanatoriums of the village to improve their health has increased (10 thousand people a year). By 2020, with the implementation of the project "Valley of Mineralnye Vody", it is expected to receive up to 150 thousand people, which is 15 times more than now. Sanatorium - resort treatment is one of the leading sectors of the economy of the village.
First of all, it should be noted that Inozemtsevo is an urban-type settlement, with a long and interesting history which will not leave anyone indifferent.
History in Inozemtsevo is completely connected with the history of our country. There are 26 monuments of history and culture in the village, among them 16 archaeological, 4 architecture and urban planning. On its territory are still held archaeological excavations which lead to amazing results.
Sights in Inozemtsevo are places that are really worth visiting, their rich history cannot but interest you. They keep inside Interesting Facts from the life of the village.
We, locals must respect and protect the history and culture of our village. Today, people of thirty nationalities live here in peace and harmony. Their knowledge, experience, diligence are the main wealth of the village.
LITERATURE
Alekseeva E.S. We remember, we are proud, we live! Zheleznovodsk, 2015, p. 149.
Apukhtin I. Karras colony, its past and present. Pyatigorsk, 1903. S. 4.
Batalin F. Pyatigorsk region and Caucasian Mineralnye Vody. Ch. 1, 2, St. Petersburg, 1861. S. 6-7.
Dzhurinsky A.N. History of Education and Historical Thought. Proc. – M.: VLADOS, 2004.
Kovalenko V. I. Zheleznovodsk. History pages. Zheleznovodsk. - M, 2000.
Krasnokutskaya L. I. Inozemtsevo. History pages. - Pyatigorsk, 2002. S. 92.
Chekmeev S. A. Foreign settlements in the Stavropol region at the end of the 18th and in the first half of the 19th century. / Materials of the study of the Stavropol Territory. Stavropol, 1971. Issue. 12-13. S. 247
8. http:// adm- zheleznovodsk. en
9.http://info.kmvcity.ru
Satellite map of Inozemtsevo. Explore the satellite map of Inozemtsevo online in real time. A detailed map of Inozemtsevo was created based on satellite images high resolution. As close as possible satellite map Inozemtsevo allows you to explore in detail the streets, individual houses and sights of Inozemtsevo. The map of Inozemtsevo from the satellite easily switches to the mode of a regular map (scheme).
The village of Inozemtsevo is located on the slope of Mount Beshtau. It is considered a unique place in the region of the Caucasian mineral waters. Since 1983, Inozemtsevo has become an urban-type settlement, administratively part of the city of Zheleznovodsk. The population of the urban-type settlement Inozemtsevo is more than 28 thousand people. Here, at the beginning of the 19th century, by decree of Alexander I, 7 thousand acres of state land were allocated for the first settlement of the missionaries of the Edinburgh Society. With the aim of spreading Christianity and crafts among the peoples of the mountains.
The place was chosen in the village of Karras, where the descendants of the Crimean Sultan Giray lived. To help the Scots in 1809, families of German settlers arrived from the Saratov province. These were artisans: a tanner, a locksmith, a blacksmith. A German colony was formed near Karras. In the colonies, by the middle of the 19th century, a leather workshop, brick and lime factories were producing products.
In 1959, both colonies were united and given the status of the resort village of Inozemtsevo. The name of the village was given by the name of the railway station, which was named after I.D. Inozemtsev, who built the railway in the Caucasus and Ukraine. The Roshke House is considered a historical monument of these places. In 1824 a road was built through Karras to connect the hot waters with the Iron. In the estate of G. Roschke (a German colonist), travelers rested in a famous coffee house and a small hotel. In this hotel, the poet M. Y. Lermontov spent the last day before the duel. Pushkin, Glinka, Tolstoy also visited it.
From Moscow
By car. On the E50 highway. Distance 1564.1 km. Travel time - 18.16 hours.
By plane. From the airports "Domodedovo", "Sheremetyevo" and "Vnukovo" flights "Moscow - Mineralnye Vody". Next by taxi, bus or suburban train(14 km). Travel time - 0.15-0.30 hours.
On a long distance train. From Kursk and Kazansky stations by trains "Moscow - Kislovodsk", "St. Petersburg - Kislovodsk", "Moscow - Nalchik", "Moscow - Vladikavkaz", "Moscow - Nazran", "St. Petersburg - Makhachkala" to the station "Mineralnye Vody". Travel time - 22.50-37.00 h. Then by taxi, bus or suburban train (14 km). Travel time - 0.15-0.30 hours.
Walk along Inozemtsevo
You can start your walk around the village at the old houses Roshke(near the intersection of Shosseynaya and Sadovaya streets). Previously, the Tatar village of Karras was located on the site of Inozemtsevo. In 1801, at the behest of Emperor Alexander I, a group of Scots from the Bible Society of Edinburgh left here for missionary work. The royal decree stated that European settlers should spread among the Caucasian highlanders - Muslims and pagans "industriousness, crafts and Christianity." After 4 years, the missionaries were given land - 7,000 acres. They worked hard, redeemed slaves, preached. After another 4 years, the Germans arrived in Karras and organized their own colony - Nikolaevskaya. They were engaged in cultivation of gardens, cultivation of grapes, and also cattle breeding.
House Roshke
The Germans brought to the culture of the Caucasian Mineral Waters the cultivation of tobacco, the production of high-quality cheeses, kefir and meat products. Skilled furniture makers, tanners, and printers worked here. The holidaymakers rushed to these places, because in Karras there was a lot of greenery, cheap vegetables and fruits, flowers, and the territories of households were neat in German.
The house, near which the walk along Inozemtsevo began, belonged to the foreman of the German colony, Gottlieb Roshka. An enterprising German built a cozy coffee house in it. A.S. Pushkin, L.N. Tolstoy, M.I. Glinka, V.G. Belinsky. The Roschke coffee house was the place where M.Yu. had breakfast. Lermontov before going to duel with Martynov. Now the house is privately owned. And they plan to open a museum in it.
To the south along Shosseynaya Street is the Luch cinema. It occupies premises that were built in the former church building- Evangelical Lutheran Church of the colony. It was built by the architect Giuseppe Marco Bernardazzi in 1840.
Across the intersection from the cinema is an Orthodox Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist(Svobody Avenue, 40), consecrated in 1999
Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist
From the church, Krupskaya street leads to the Inozemtsevo railway station. To the west of the platform stands the former Inozemtsev's house, manager of the Rostov-Vladikavkaz railway. Last years of his life, already ill, Ivan Inozemtsev lived in the German colony of Karras. And in 1913, a year after the death of Inozemtsev, the Karras station was renamed in his honor. There is a memorial plaque on this house, where the Pedagogical College is now located.
House of Ivan Dmitrievich Inozemtsev
From the station, along Vokzalnaya, Shosseynaya and Kolkhoznaya streets, you can go to the territory of the Mashuk Aqua-Therm sanatorium. It has a beautiful well-groomed landscaped park. Another attraction of the sanatorium is a bronze enema monument.
enema monument
The northern part of the territory of the sanatorium covers the lands of the former cemetery of the German Nikolaev colony, a beautiful coniferous park and a small picturesque lake "Mashuk", with a gazebo in the middle.
Lake "Mashuk"
From here it is not far to the final point of the walk along Inozemtsevo - an entertainment complex and a water park " City of Sun". It was built near the fork federal highway E50 "Kavkaz" (Nikolaevskaya street, 2). It has its own hotel, restaurants, the Piramira bowling club and a huge water park. The "City of the Sun" opened its doors to visitors in 2009. The water park has 9 swimming pools and 12 different attractions. Here you can have a great and fun time and even have a snack in a summer cafe. Special pools and slides have been built for children, as well as professional animators with entertainment programs.
Aquapark "City of the Sun"
THE HISTORY OF THE VILLAGE OF INOZEMTSEVO IN THE STAVROPOL TERRITORY. The village of Inozemtsevo is a unique place in the CMS. It was here that in 1801-1835 the first and oldest settlement of immigrants from Western Europe- Scottish missionaries of the Edinburgh Bible Society. The missionaries were sent to the Caucasian line at the behest of Emperor Alexander I "with the aim of spreading diligence, crafts and Christianity among the mountain peoples of the Mohammedan and pagan confession." In the autumn of 1801, a place was chosen for the mission on the eastern slope of Mount Beshtau, in the ancient Tatar settlement of Karras, which belonged to the descendants of the Crimean Sultan Giray. In 1805, the missionaries received 7,000 acres of government land. Members of the mission actively spread Christianity, published religious literature, redeemed the slaves with the money of the Bible Society, converted them to the Christian faith and returned their freedom. In addition, the missionaries were engaged in carpentry, carpentry, blacksmithing, pottery, printing, baking, tailoring and weaving crafts, as well as selling products. Agriculture in the CMS markets. In the summer of 1809, the first German families from the Saratov province moved to Karras to help the Scots to cultivate the land. Among them are artisans: locksmith Johann Martin, tanner Christian Konradi, shoemaker Johann Liebig, paper manufacturer Ludwig Liebig, blacksmith Johann Georg Engelgart. In 1819, the German Nikolaev colony was established near Karras, which separated 4.5 thousand acres from the old allotment (in 1831 - Konstantinovskaya, between which vast vineyards grew). New colonists, having abandoned unprofitable tillage, took up gardening, horticulture, viticulture, meat and milk production. They became regular suppliers of flowers, fruits, vegetables, meat, milk, kefir and excellent German cheeses to the CMS markets. The Germans brought the culture of tobacco cultivation to the CMS and successfully traded it in the markets. From the first years of settlement, they were the only ones who baked bread for sale, delivering it to the canteens and restaurants of the resort. In the middle of the 19th century, an oil mill, a tannery, a brick factory, and a lime factory worked in both colonies. The names of furniture makers and carriage makers (Andrei Konradi) were widely known. Cleanliness, well-being, an abundance of greenery, flowers and fruits, tasty and inexpensive food attracted the resort public here. Until August 1941, up to 90% of the population of the Karras and Nikolaevskaya colonies were Germans. However, on the orders of I.V. Stalin, who was afraid of the complicity of the fascist army in the event of occupation, almost the entire German population was taken out to Northern Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, the Urals and Siberia within a month. In September 1941, the former colonies of Karras and Nikolaevskaya received the status of settlements. In 1959, the villages of Karras and Nikolaevskoye were merged into resort village Inozemtsevo. It was named after the railway station of the same name. And the Inozemtsevo station, in turn, was named after the manager of the Vladikavkaz railway, Ivan Dmitrievich Inozemtsev, whose mansion is located next to the station. Since January 1983, Inozemtsevo received the status of an urban-type settlement within the city of Zheleznovodsk.
Caucasian Mineralnye Vody, hereinafter simply KMV, is certainly one of interesting places what I saw. Not even by the number of attractions (although everything is fine here), but by its structure: a scattering of lonely mountains (more precisely, 17) with a height of 700 to 1400 meters, oozing mineral water, and on the plain between them - 6 cities (resort Pyatigorsk, Yessentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Kislovodsk, industrial Lermontov and transport Mineralnye Vody), several urban settlements (the most important - Inozem Tsevo and Goryachevodsk), dozens of villages and farms, including Greek and Karachai. The cities here have a common symbol - an eagle tormenting a snake, that is, the victory of health over ailments. An agglomeration with a million people, while inextricably linked with nature - the real center of the North Caucasus, it is no coincidence that the administration of the federal district is located not in Stavropol (about which), but in Pyatigorsk.
Five days at the KMV turned out to be not enough, so my story will not be completely complete - however, from 15-17 parts. In the first, we will examine the “gates” of the agglomeration, the city of Mineralnye Vody (76 thousand inhabitants) and the beginning of the railway connecting it together to the village of Inozemtsevo, in the second, we will pass through the stations from Zheleznovodsk to Kislovodsk.
Resorts became one of the European trends "brought" to Russia by Peter I: as soon as it was necessary to deal with the primary problems - to create an industry, pile on the Swedes and go to the sea, doctors and scientists dispersed to all the limits of the Russian empire to look for healing waters - the first of such finds was in Karelia. According to some reports, at the same time, in 1717, the Peter's physician Gottlieb Schober visited Ciscaucasia and discovered springs near present-day Pyatigorsk. More reliable are the studies of Johann Guldenshtedt, Peter Pallas and Fyodor Gaaz at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries, when the Azov-Mozdok fortified line passed through the future CMS and Russia undertook to equip the region seriously and for a long time. Officially, the resort was established in 1802, and the demand for it appeared from the first years - initially, vacationers lived in kibitkas (Kalmyk yurts), placed at the springs in the summer season. In the 1820s and 30s, 4 resort towns, and in the time of Lermontov (1837-41), as you can learn from the same "Hero of Our Time", there was already a resort popular with the St. Petersburg world, worthy of some Carlsbad.
Finally, in 1875, the Vladikavkaz railway passed nearby, near the KavMinVod there was the Sultanovskaya station, almost immediately renamed Mineralnye Vody: the road to the resorts began from it, and in 1893 a railway line to Kislovodsk was launched. The station settlement began to grow rapidly, in 1898 it was named Illarionovsky, in 1922 it became city of Mineralnye Vody
. This is what the station looked like:
Now in its place is a luxurious railway station of the 1950s, which welcomes guests with a round colonnade with an eagle, captured on the introductory frame. The station stands unusually far from the tracks, in fact, there is another square on this side:
View from the city. In order to combat terrorism, you can enter the station only from this side, and exit only to the eagle:
The turret at the top evokes associations with VDNH for me:
But most of all I was impressed by the central hall under the dome with an abundance of stucco, stained glass and mosaics:
The main design theme is Caucasian landscapes, which emphasizes the role of the "gates of the region":
Since terrorism is a threat to society, and the Caucasus is its main focus (the local electric trains were blown up repeatedly), I assumed that the KMV would surpass everything that I had seen before in terms of photo paranoia. Well, the truth is: a young man of unconventional appearance for these places enters the station, takes a picture of him, and leaves without buying a ticket - anywhere in Russia the watchman would be on his guard. But contrary to expectations, despite the huge number of guards, I photographed completely unhindered at all stations. I don’t know what this is connected with - either with the abundance of holidaymakers (“kefirniks”, as they are called here), who are also not averse to being captured against the backdrop of the station, or reality terrorist threat, and therefore a better understanding that the camera is not a sign of an intruder.
Old houses in the vicinity of the station square - it serves historical center cities:
Brown stalin in the background - opposite the station:
But in general, Mineralnye Vody is a classic "city of railroad workers" that grew in late Soviet times (when the resorts were especially busy) and therefore very dull in appearance. South-style well-groomed main streets perpendicular to the railway with five-story buildings:
And rare stalinkas like a post office:
And between them - solid private sector against the backdrop of Mount Zmeyka (992m), or Zhlaktau - the 3rd highest of the 17 mountains of the CMV after Beshtau and Dzhutsa.
Almost in the geometric center of the city, not far from the stadium at the crossroads of Stavropolskaya and Pyatigorskaya streets, there is the Nikolskaya Old Church (1957), which until 1997 was called Pokrovskaya, then apparently a bell tower was added. It’s time for me to make a separate post on the churches of the Soviet era - so much material has accumulated about this phenomenon, and I found at least two such churches in the CMS.
And at the far end of Stavropolskaya, at the opposite end of the "five-story" center to the station - in fact, the current Pokrovsky Cathedral (1992-97), which seemed to have a pre-revolutionary predecessor, whose photographs I did not find.
However, it is interesting in itself - perhaps the brightest example of this rough, home-grown, low-budget, but such a sincere architecture of the churches of Perestroika.
Strange proportions, some general separation of all elements:
The apse, which looks like a water tower, is especially good:
In addition to the station, MinVody has an airport founded in 1925, and now the largest in the North Caucasian Federal District, inferior to the airports of Rostov, Krasnodar and Sochi, but far superior to Stavropol, and due to the difficult terrain (near the mountains), along with Moscow airports, it had the most modern navigation equipment in the USSR. Even in the vicinity of Mineralnye Vody there are small and remaining in the shadow of the "magnificent four" resorts Kumagorsk and Naguty, as well as not at all a resort Georgievsk - an old town that grew up near a fair and a fortress, where in 1783 a treatise on Russian protectorate over Georgia was signed. Perhaps Georgievsk is my main gap in the CMS, but the economic geographer comes from there mingitau , to whose journal I send. Of the remarkable places in the vicinity of Mineralnye Vody, I remembered only the Nogai village of Kangly, which a minibus passes on the road from Stavropol - I already wrote about the Nogais, whose villages are dotted from the Kazakh border to the Caucasus. But at least with a cursory glance, Kangly does not stand out among other villages of Stavropol, and their main attraction - Dagger Mountain (506m) was completely destroyed by a quarry in the 1970s - the mountains here are composed of a rare and valuable technical stone beshtaunit:
So let's go back to the station- in addition to through paths long distance trains, there are also dead-end suburban ones. There are turnstiles at the entrance to the covered platform, at the box office they sell a ticket with a barcode, like on electric trains near Moscow - only the turnstiles are all wide open, and controllers walk around the cars quite often. The line to Kislovodsk, 64 kilometers long, was built, as already mentioned, in 1893, and took on its current appearance in 1936, when it was electrified (and the highway was only awarded such an honor in the 1960s), equipped with high platforms, and probably some of the stations were built at small stations. Now this is something between urban and suburban transport - it connects MinVody, Pyatigorsk, Essentuki and Kislovodsk, electric trains run on average every hour and a half, travel time is also about an hour and a half. They are popular with the locals, and among the surrounding minibus disgrace they look like an oasis in the desert - a convenient and understandable transport that I used all 5 days of my stay on the KMV. What is especially nice is that all trains still have a historical design:
Canopy over the first suburban platform, judging by the rivets - either pre-revolutionary, or competent stylization. Near the locomotive-monument:
And from the window of the train you can see rare pre-revolutionary buildings of the railway department:
First stop - platform 3rd kilometer, inconspicuous to match the name. There are only two of them on the line.
On 5th kilometer the station is more interesting - apparently, from the time of the electrification of the line:
Like the next station snake- Stalin's train stations here are similar to each other, but slightly different:
Somewhere here the city ends, and Zhlaktau proper dominates over the villages and fields, in the rocks of which there really is something serpentine. Part of the slope is disfigured by a quarry where the same beshtaunit was mined:
It's a pity, the day turned out to be cloudy - each of the 5 days at Minvody (yes, all 10 days of the trip) I was accompanied by different weather:
But over the mountain a new one begins settlement of Inozemtsevo (28 thousand inhabitants), through which the railway passes through three stations:
Here, a branch line to Zheleznovodsk from just one stage approaches ... this spring, alas, it was actually killed - trains no longer run on it. Although this closure is not the first best time there were 19 pairs of trains on the line (that is, one train went back and forth almost continuously), and on the eve of the last cancellation - 6 pairs.
Here is the zone of influence of another mountain - Beshtau (1401m), around which CMS are grouped. To the station Beshtau and electric trains from Zheleznovodsk go back and forth, no further along the main course!
There is already a pre-revolutionary railway station, behind which the Russian Railways sanatorium "Voskhod":
Inozemtsevo is now listed as an urban-type settlement subordinate to Zheleznovodsk, which, at the same time, is slightly larger in size. It has always been in the shadow of other cities of the CMS, but meanwhile its history is very interesting: in 1801, the Scots settled here - missionaries from the Edinburgh Bible Society, who tried to baptize the highlanders - as I understand it, "Bible societies" do not belong to any denomination and simply distribute the Bible in the world. However, the mission was not very successful, the Scots held out here until 1835, and then they were finally forced out by the Germans, who moved here in 1809 and took up gardening.
The name "Inozemtsevo" is by no means in honor of the local foreigners: originally the Scottish colony was called Karras, the German - Nikolaevskaya, and under the current name they were united in 1959 (when the local Germans, by the will of Stalin, had already settled in Kazakhstan for 18 years) around the station settlement, which in turn received the name in honor of Ivan Inozemtsev, the head of the Vladikavkaz railway, who built this line and a mansion near the station named after myself:
Behind the tracks are the remains of Inozemtsev's house church, converted into a residential building. The shot was taken directly from the platform:
Station Inozemtsevo:
Little old station:
Here I left the train and went in search of fragments of the former German colony. The village stands on the slope of Beshtau, the streets go down at a very noticeable angle:
In the center is Svoboda Avenue with a boulevard, quite possibly planted by the Germans, on opposite sides of which there are two houses of a very respectable age:
The white one on the left, with three windows, belonged to the foreman of the German colonists, Gottlieb Roschka, who set up a coffee shop here, and Pushkin, Glinka, Tolstoy, Belinsky visited this coffee shop, but first of all - Lermontov, who had breakfast here for the last time in his life, in the morning before the duel with Martynov. I don’t know what is here now: the house is neither open nor abandoned.
Obliquely from which is the gray building of the Luch cinema, hiding inside the church of the Karras colony (1837), photos of which, alas, I did not find:
There is also another former church of the Nikolaev colony (1904), the address of which I did not know, and only upon my return did I discover that now it is the recreation center "Mashuk" on Kolkhoznaya Street. How did I miss this when preparing - I'll never know, so the photo of the church is someone else's (