Is there pike perch in Crimea? History of zander

Sudak is the easternmost city resort region"The south coast of Crimea". Located about halfway between Alushta and Feodosia. The city is surrounded by a relatively low mountain range, and Sudak itself is located in the valley between the peaks.

Sudak is a popular beach and climatic resort, as well as an important center of Crimean winemaking. The local beaches are the only ones in the Crimea, consisting of quartz sand. Also in the city and its environs, a lot of interesting monuments history and architecture from different eras.

The beach season in the city begins in June and lasts until the end of September, or even until the beginning of October. Some resorts are open all year round. During the summer season, Sudak is visited on average by about 200 thousand tourists.

The beaches of Sudak

View of the beaches of Sudak from the fortress mountain

Almost all the beaches of Sudak have a pebble-sand coating and are separated by breakwater piers. Wild beaches outside the city are mostly rocky.

Mojito beach. A small paid beach in the west of the city next to the ruins of the Genoese fortress. Fully ennobled and equipped with all modern infrastructure. The beach is sandy.

If you do not take into account a section of the wild coast, not very suitable for swimming, the next from west to east is the unequipped "Free Beach". This is the most West Side beach strip stretching from Cape Kyz-Kule-Burun to Mount Alchak-Kaya. Covered with a mixture of small pebbles and sand. Free admission.

To the east is a small beach "Horizont", which belongs to the tourist and recreation complex of the same name. It has excellent infrastructure and small pebbles. However, only hotel guests can use the beach.

This is followed by a whole string of beaches of the tourist and recreation complex "Sudak". There are areas with quite different characteristics: sandy and pebbly, equipped and almost wild. Entrance only for guests of "Sudak".

One of the best in the city is the beach of the Priboy Hotel. Small but very well maintained and well equipped. The cover is sand. Entrance for hotel guests only.

The beach near the water park (in the past known as "collective farm"). Located further along the coast next to the water park. Semi-wild (without normal infrastructure), but relatively clean, mostly sandy beach. Free admission.

Further behind the cape is another series of beaches, united by the general concept of the beaches of the Kapsel Bay. These are completely natural wild beaches with sand and pebbles. There are several campsites near the beaches.

Far to the east are the wild beaches of Cape Meganom. Since they are far enough away from the city, there are not so many people on them. There are both sandy and pebbly areas. From the infrastructure, only retail outlets and rental of sun loungers / umbrellas.

Sites of Sudak

Sudak.rk.gov.ru is the official website of the city authorities.
Sudak.me and Sudak.pro are Internet news portals dedicated to current events in the life of the city.
Sudak.ru; Rest-sudak.rf and Sudakonline.info - information resources on which reference Information about the history, geography, sights and tourist infrastructure of Sudak.

Hotels and resorts in Sudak

Villa Fellini

The best mini-hotels in Sudak are:

Guest house "Pearl Meganom". Eight rooms without category. It is located 8 kilometers east of the city near Cape Meganom. To the sea a few tens of meters.
"Surf". Uncategorized hotel with 8 rooms, located right next to the main city beach.
"Aurora". Hotel with 8 rooms without category. It is located in the eastern part of Sudak. The beach is about 20 minutes walk. The hotel has an outdoor children's pool.

the best big hotels Sudak are:

Villa Alexandria. 40 plus numbers. Located west of the old town, 10 minutes walk from the city beach. The hotel has its own great swimming pool.
"Triskele". Hotel with 40 rooms. It is located in the southeastern part of the city next to the water park. The embankment is about 350 meters away. The hotel has its own swimming pool.
Villa Fellini. Hotel with 38 rooms, located north of the water park. To the sea 600 meters. The hotel has its own outdoor pool.

The list of the best resorts is headed by:

Tourist and health complex "Sudak". Located in the city center right on the beach. Has its own beach strip. Specialization: respiratory organs, musculoskeletal system, nervous system, skin.
Sudak military sanatorium. Located in the city center on the coast next to the water park. It has private beach. Specializes in the treatment of respiratory organs, cardiovascular and nervous systems, musculoskeletal system, gastrointestinal tract, gynecological diseases, endocrine system.
Sanatorium "Falcon". Located in the west of Sudak next to the Genoese fortress. It has its own beach, located a hundred meters to the south. Treatment profile: respiratory organs, circulatory system, nervous system.

Also, many tourists stay in private houses and apartments that are rented out by local residents.

Weather

The climate of Sudak has much in common with the climate of the western and central parts of the South Coast. However, due to the low height of the local mountains, the weather is significantly affected by winds from the steppe part of the Crimea. In this regard, the climate of Sudak does not belong to the subtropical type, but is classified as continental maritime.

Summer is hot and dry, average daily temperature July is + 27-28°C, often there is a heat above + 30°C. The water temperature in the sea by June reaches +19°С, and in July +22-23°С. Due to the wide coastal strip of shallow water, in especially long periods of heat, the sea near the coast can warm up to + 28 ° C, and sometimes even higher.

Did you know that:

If you planning to get to the Crimea on your own, then you can buy inexpensive sightseeing tours throughout the peninsula with accommodation, meals and transfers without air or railway tickets to the peninsula. It will be much cheaper than buying a whole tour from a tour operator.

The excursion program is designed for 3-6 days. You can insert it at the beginning, middle or end of your vacation.

Sudak is a small resort town located on Black Sea coast in Crimea.

The city is located on the shores of the Sudak Bay of the same name, in the middle part of the southeast coast Crimean peninsula. The climate in Sudak is mild and arid, without sharp fluctuations in temperature and close to the climate South Shore Crimea. Precipitation in Sudak falls half as much as in, and there are more hours of sunshine per year. The resort (bathing) season in Sudak is one of the longest in Crimea, on average it lasts from early June to mid-October, July-August are considered especially hot months, at which time the air temperature can reach +38 ° C, and sea water in coastal waters it warms up to +24 - +25 degrees.

Warm summer, accompanied by the sun, the sea suitable for swimming, picturesque mountain landscapes and a variety of relatively inexpensive housing, these are the main reasons that make the rest in Sudak so attractive for many tourists.

Beaches and sea in Sudak

The beach strip in Sudak is quite long. The beaches stretch along the Sudak Bay. The beaches, as well as the entrance to the sea, are gentle, on which there is a large gray sand mixed with pebbles. But all these seemingly pluses did not make Sudak attractive for us.

In our opinion, the beaches in the city center are far from decent and comfortable, and for the money that you have to pay for a vacation, you can find much better and more developed places to stay.

Beaches in Sudak is a complex of beaches, consisting of small beaches separated by breakwaters.

Basically, all the beaches in Sudak are free, open during the day. However, beach equipment will have to be rented. The rental price depends on the particular beach. On average, the cost of renting a sun lounger is 100 rubles per hour, 250 rubles - 4 hours.

Also on the beaches there are changing cabins, designated smoking areas, medical and rescue posts. There are also beach activities, such as riding a banana, tablet, catamaran, organized boat trips with swimming in the open sea, etc. Catamaran rental 600 rubles per hour.

From the beaches and the embankment, you can see the Fortress Hill, with the Sudak / Genoese fortress located on it. Genoese fortress in Sudak, one of the most ancient and preserved fortresses in the Crimea. You can go for a walk around the territory of the fortress, but we will talk about this below.

On one of the beaches, if you go to the fortress, the beach itself leaves much to be desired, on a banana boat you can go on an excursion to the Fortress Mountain and visit the fortress itself, as well as to the New World, where you will have the opportunity to swim in the cleanest secluded bay. At least, the cleanest bay the organizers of this event promise, but what is actually there, we do not know. But judging by the frequency with which tourists from all over the area are taken to these bays, there is no smell of cleanliness and solitude there. Price sea excursions from 500 rubles per person.

Sea in Sudak

Since this is a bay, the sea in pike perch is mostly calm and warm, by June the water warms up to +19 - + 21 °.

Sudak Bay brings both its advantages, sea water warms up early and keeps heat for a long time, and some disadvantages. The downside is that since this is a bay, then the water in the sea will be a little dirtier than on open beaches. In pike perch, these are mostly some algae and small jellyfish, but they do not interfere, algae do not smell, and jellyfish are not always present and do not cause discomfort. What is more unpleasant is small household garbage left by numerous tourists, of whom there are quite a few in the high season in Sudak, and then all this garbage is washed up near the breakwaters. Of course, all this dirt is not much, but unpleasant, so for swimming in Sudak it is better to choose places in the middle of the beaches and away from the breakwaters.

Embankment, food and prices in Sudak

Along central beaches embankment stretches. The embankment is quite wide, it is pleasant to walk along it in the evening.

Walking along the embankment, you will certainly see the Fortress Hill with the Genoese fortress. In Sudak, you can’t get away from her, her appearance will follow you everywhere you go. And we recommend everyone to visit this fortress, it's worth it. The fortress itself may not cause delight, but it will definitely bring diversity to a monotonous beach holiday, and the views that open from viewing platforms the fortress, the city, the sea and the surroundings are quite picturesque.

On the waterfront there are small cafes, restaurants and canteens, as well as souvenir shops and some entertainment.

At the foot of the mountain, the market

Canteens, this is generally a separate issue in the Crimea, they are in all resort towns Crimea is almost at every turn, there are always a lot of people in them, especially at lunchtime. The prices are reasonable, the food is average scall, but tourists prefer this particular type of food, cheap and fast. For example, a portion of Ukrainian borscht in a restaurant of Ukrainian cuisine in Sudak will cost from 200 rubles, and in a dining room from 60. They taste almost the same, only heartburn can torment from the table borscht, and the consequences are unlikely from the restaurant borscht, in any case, I want to believe it.

Since we are talking about food and prices, we will continue this topic. In general, food in the Crimea and in Sudak, including, tasteless. “Ah, oh and wow! As I ate "", you are unlikely to find this.

From street food, mainly chebureks, various pastries, pizza, pancakes with fillings, shawarma, hot dogs, etc.

Fish and seafood

From such a set, frog legs, shark, squid, shrimp, etc., you can choose whatever you want, and right here, for a fee, you can put all this on skewers and fry on the grill.

From sweets, cakes and pastries, churchkhela, Turkish delight and halva are common. Turkish delight is tastier than the one in bulk, and not in beautiful gift wrappings.

Also in Sudak you can find an abundance of cheeses, like Adyghe.

The main square of the resort Sudak

There is a square near the embankment with a fountain, cafes, restaurants and some entertainment for children, for example, rental cars.

Another one of the many eateries

Shady Square

And a monument

Where to walk in Sudak - walking street: Cypress Alley

Cypress Alley is a walking street of Sudak, connecting the city center, Lenin Street and the embankment. The cypress alley was planted at the beginning of the last century. Souvenir shops are concentrated on the alley, from which they sell souvenirs and resort goods, as well as cafes and restaurants.

There is an amusement park, shops, mini markets and a small market where you can buy vegetables, fruits, berries and other goods.

Lenin Street and other streets of Sudak

One of the central streets of the city is Lenin Street. Pleasant green street for walks and life.

On the street hotels, banks, shops, souvenir shops, cafes and restaurants

On Lenin street, at the address: st. Lenina, 38 is a large supermarket chain of grocery stores "PUD" (former ATB). It is in this store that a large selection of products and goods is presented at the lowest prices in Sudak.

Where Lenina Street intersects with Feodosiyskaya Street, there is the Bus Station (bus station), where buses from other cities of Crimea arrive.

From the bottom station of the bus station you can get to the Genoese fortress and the New World. The fare to the Genoese fortress costs 11-15 rubles.

Other streets in Sudak are less attractive

Attractions, entertainment and excursions in Sudak

There are practically no sights in the city of Sudak itself. The most famous is the Sudak/Genoese fortress of the 11th-14th centuries. From the city to the fortress can be reached on foot in 15 minutes or by bus. Walking is more interesting. Entrance to the fortress is paid, the price of an adult ticket is 150 rubles. Read more about the Genoese fortress in Sudak and see photos here.

You can also visit :

New World and the Golintsy trail. The Golitsyn trail is ancient mountain path, carved on the slope of the city of Koba-Kaya, in 1912 for the arrival of Tsar Nicholas II on the orders of Prince Golitsyn Lev Sergeevich. Currently, there are daily excursions on it;

Cape Alchak / reserved tract Alchak-Kaya with the grotto Aeolian Harp;

Wine-making enterprise SE "Sudak", producing fine wines. The wines are not tasty, the tour is not worth it (in our opinion, you may like it);

Bust twice Hero of Socialist Labor Knyazeva M.D.;

The monument "Hill of Glory", which is a mass grave of underground fighters, paratroopers and soldiers of the Great Patriotic War who died during the liberation of Sudak on April 14, 1944;

and just admire the resort architecture of the 19th century and natural landscapes.

In the vicinity of Sudak, you can go on any excursion and visit all the famous sights of Crimea. You can go to the sights, both on your own by buses, and with a tour, those are sold at every step. In our opinion, visiting sights on your own is more interesting and exciting than going on a guided tour. Plus, it's cheaper to do it yourself. Buses run frequently, this shouldn't be a problem.

From family and children's entertainment, Aquapark "Sudak", located at: st. Gagarin, 79. The water park is open to visitors in the summer.

How to get to Sudak

There are several ways to get to Sudak:

The fastest, most practical and comfortable, by plane to Simferopol, and from there by bus or taxi to Sudak. You can order a taxi / transfer on the website, in advance, even from home. At any time of the day, at the airport, a driver will be waiting for you with a sign where your name and surname will be written. To order a taxi, it is enough to provide your flight details. Also, the services of this taxi can be used for sightseeing and trips around the Crimea. The taxi will be waiting for you at your hotel at a convenient time for you;

Also by buses from other settlements Crimea (, Kerch, etc.), or from the cities of Ukraine and Russia;

Where to stay in Sudak

In Sudak developed private sector. The room costs from 350-500 rubles per person per night. You can rent such housing upon arrival, simply by walking around the city / private sector and looking for signs "Housing", "Housing for Rent", "Rooms". With an independent search in the private sector, you can find cheaper housing than through agents, who are full on the streets of the city. For agents, as a rule, the price tag starts from 700 rubles per person per night.

Cheap flights →

Sudak (Ukr. Sudak, Crimean. Sudaq, Sudak) is a seaside city of republican subordination in the southeastern Crimea, a traditional center for wine production and a resort. Included in the Sudak City District (Sudak City Council).

In ancient times, the city was called differently: the Byzantines - Sidagios and Sugdea, the Italians - Soldaya, in ancient Russian sources - Sourozh. In Ottoman times, the city received the name Sudak, which to this day bears in translation from the Turkic Su (water), dak (mountain forest) - Sudak, which is also depicted in Aivazovsky's painting "Flood in Sudak" (1897) - the artist's dacha was located a few hundred meters from the mouth of the Suuk-Su.

Geography

Sudak is located in the middle part of the southeastern coast of the Crimean Peninsula, 47 km northeast of Alushta and 42 km southwest of Feodosia. The city is located in the valley of the Sudak River, on the shores of the Sudak Bay, bounded from the west by Mount Fortress, and from the east by Cape Alchak. The city is closed from the north by a ridge of mountains covered with beech and oak forests, as well as numerous pine forest belts of artificial origin. To the east is the arid Kapsel Valley. From the west - a typical Mediterranean area.

Story

Genoese fortress (Sudak). Crimea

According to the conclusions made by the prominent Soviet Caucasian ethnographer, professor, doctor of historical sciences A. V. Gadlo, who led the Caucasian archaeological and ethnographic expedition of the Leningrad State University, the city was founded by the Sughds (one of the Zikh (Adyghe) tribes, formerly called Sinds), presumably in 212.

Sudak Bay

In the Middle Ages, the city was called Sugdeya (Greek Σουγδαία) and Soldaya (Italian Soldaia), and its population grew due to the arrival of merchants, merchants and artisans from different countries including Greeks and Italians. In the VI century, by order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I, a fortress was built in Sudak. The monument of Byzantine literature "The Life of St. Stephen of Surozh" describes the capture of Surozh at the end of the VIII or the beginning of the IX century by the Rus:

The great Russian army under the command of Prince Bravlin suddenly attacked the Crimean coast. The Rus seized the Byzantine possessions from Chersonesus to Kerch and "with great force" approached Surozh. After ten days of fierce battles, Bravlin with the army, “broke the iron gates by force”, broke into the city.

When Bravlin approached the tomb of Stefan of Sourozh, located in the St. Sophia Church of Sourozh, "his face turned back." Bravlin ordered the soldiers to return the confiscated goods to the Surozhans and release the captives, but healing did not come. The pagan Bravlin had to be baptized, only after that his face returned to its previous position. Bravlin was baptized by Archbishop Philaret of Sourozh. Since that time, Christianity began to spread among the ruling elite of Kievan Rus.

The city has become important shopping mall and a significant transit point on the Great Silk Road, reaching its greatest prosperity in the XII-XIII centuries. In 1206, after the conquest of Constantinople and the partition of Byzantium, the city came under the control of the Venetian Trade Republic, however, in fact, it was ruled by the Kipchaks. Around 1222, on the orders of Ala ad-Din Kay-Kubad, the city was raided by the Asia Minor Seljuks, who defeated the Kipchak army, on the side of which the Russian troops also acted. The reason for the raid was the merchants' complaints about the frequent destruction of their ships, and the result was the destruction of crosses and bells and the establishment of mihrabs and minbars in the churches, as well as the introduction of sharia.

In the XIII-XIV centuries the city was devastated and destroyed by the Mongols, but quickly restored. In 1365, Soldaya was conquered by the Genoese and included in the Genoese possessions in the Crimea. During this period, the city was governed by an Italian consul, who was elected every year. From this era, towers and city walls, called the "Genoese fortress", have been preserved.

In 1475, together with all the Genoese territories and the Orthodox Principality of Theodoro in the Crimea, Sudak was conquered by the Ottoman Empire. During the Ottoman rule, the city, which lost its military significance, fell into decay, although it was the center of a kadylyk, the smallest administrative unit of the Ottoman state.

In 1783, Sudak, along with the entire Crimea, went to the Russian Empire. At the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th century, the city was almost completely depopulated and turned into a small village; according to the 1805 census, only 33 people lived in the abandoned city. In 1804, the first winemaking school in Russia was opened here. Sudak regained the status of a city only in 1982.

In 1920, the wine-making enterprise SE "Sudak" was founded.

During the Great Patriotic War from October 1941 to April 1944 it was occupied by the German-Romanian troops. In January 1942, Sudak troops landed in the city, which liberated the city and kept it from superior enemy forces for almost two weeks. Almost all paratroopers died in battle.

Economy

The main specialization is the production of vintage and champagne wines, the resort industry, the production of rose oil.

Sudak is a climatic seaside resort. Indications - non-tuberculous respiratory diseases, functional diseases nervous system, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Sudak is the only city in Crimea that has beaches made of quartz sand.

Every year more than 180 thousand people (mostly unorganized vacationers) come to Sudak and the Sudak region for vacation. In 2003, 49 thousand people rested in 18 boarding houses and health resorts, one third of which were foreigners.

Transport

Distance to the cities of Crimea

City Distance (km) Novy Svet 7 Alushta 93 Stary Krym 36 Feodosiya 55 Kerch 153 Simferopol 107 Evpatoria 172 Yalta 131 Dzhankoy 148 Sevastopol 181

Social sphere

There are 3 secondary schools in the city (school-gymnasium No. 1 named after the Hero of the Soviet Union A.E. Chaika, general education school No. 2, school No. 3 (with the Crimean Tatar language of instruction)), a sports school, a children's and youth center, a city lyceum, a branch of the Yalta vocational school, the faculty of management and economics of the Tauride national university them. Vernadsky; clinic, hospital.

pike perch has pretty developed infrastructure places of temporary residence. By the number of mini-hotels and guest houses, it ranks first among all the resorts of the Crimean coast. So you will not have any problems with the choice of accommodation option. True, it should be borne in mind that not all hotels are located in close proximity to the beaches. There are three main lines of hotels that run along the coast and are in the greatest demand. But, besides them, you can find other offers, more remote, but also cheaper. In general, holidays in Sudak at prices for 2020, despite their high popularity, cannot be called quite expensive. Rather, it is the middle price segment. In remote areas, prices will be even lower, however, the service infrastructure is very different from traditional "hotel" areas.

How to get there

Sudak is located in the center of the southeastern coast of Crimea. It is equidistant from two major cities- resorts - Alushta and Feodosia - to which about 45 km. The river of the same name flows through the city and flows into the Sudak Bay. The western side borders on Krepostnaya Gora, and the eastern side faces Cape Alchak. north side It is bounded by a ridge of the Crimean Ridge and densely covered with oak and beech forests.

You can get to Sudak in quite a variety of ways, the most convenient of which are:

take a train or fly by plane to Simferopol, and from there take a direct bus to Sudak. In terms of duration, the transfer takes about the same time as to Yalta;
get to Feodosia by train, and then by bus and minibus to Sudak. This route is considered the shortest and most acceptable;
get to intercity bus to Alushta, and from there move to Sudak.

general information

Sudak is a fairly large city in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, which has the official status of a resort. A number of seaside villages belong to its municipality, of which Novyi Svet can be called the most famous. More than 15,000 people live permanently in the city. In addition to serving vacationers, Sudak has two more main specializations - winemaking and the production of rose oil. So, when you come to rest in Sudak, you will have the opportunity to try this unique product.

The origin of the name is not known for certain. The main version is a translation from the Scythian-Sarmatian, meaning "sacred", "immaculate", although there are other options.

The history of Sudak goes back to the 2nd century AD. It was founded by the Sughds - a nationality that was part of the Adyghe group. In the Middle Ages, Greeks and Italians began to settle in the city, contributing to the development of trade here. Sudak flourished in the 13th century, becoming one of the main transit points of the Great Silk Road. The city became part of the Russian Empire in 1783, and since then winemaking began to actively develop here, and even the first winemaking school in Russia appeared.

Things to do on vacation

On vacation in Sudak, you can not only enjoy quartz sandy beaches. Thanks to its rich history, the city has preserved many interesting architectural buildings from various periods. In addition, there is a rich natural landscape, and a paradise for lovers of fine wines. First of all, it is recommended to find time to visit:

Genoese fortress of the 11th century. A fairly well-preserved architectural object of that period, which will tell a lot of interesting things about the "trading" life of the city in the Middle Ages;
Cape Alchak. This is not just a cape, but an ancient coral reef, which offers an excellent view of the bay and the Aeolian Harp - a rock in the sea with a large hole of natural origin;
the Sudak winery, which is part of the Massandra complex and produces a number of fine wines;
water park Sudak - one of the most modern water attractions on the South Coast.

Beaches

The coastline along the central line of city blocks is quite strongly demarcated. Many beaches are departmental and closed. Many with paywall. As such, there is no municipal free beach. Rather, it is rather small (as, indeed, the rest) and absolutely not equipped. So, it is better to pay and use the services of one of the spa beaches. In the suburbs, as well as on Cape Alchak and further towards Feodosia, there are many excellent wild beaches. True, from city blocks to get there further.

Basic moments

From the west, urban development is bounded by Mount Fortress, on top of which rises the famous fortress. The towers and walls of the ancient fort are among the oldest buildings preserved in Sudak. From the north, the city is closed by Mount Taraktash or "Stone Comb", and its East End rests on the reserved cape Alchak. Many come to this cape for the sake of wonderful seaside landscapes and interesting natural monument- a through grotto of the Aeolian Harp.

In the center of Sudak, you can see the Church of the Intercession, built in the first half of the 19th century. Another popular tourist attraction is the famous Sudak water park, which is located in the southern, resort part of the city.

Travelers come to Sudak for the wonderful mild climate, excellent beach holiday And warm sea. Along the coastline stretched several good beaches covered with quartz sand. The swimming season lasts 138-140 days, and the number of sunny hours is 2550 per year, which is more than in Yalta (2220).

The city has a well-developed tourist infrastructure. Many hotels, boarding houses and guest houses have been built here, so there are no problems with accommodation. Offers from the private sector are especially popular. Rest in Sudak apartments, rooms and cottages is cheaper than in large cities of the Southern coast of Crimea.

Sudak has entertainment centers, museums, historical and natural attractions. The seaside town is small, so transportation from one end to the other is not needed. Walking tours are also possible in the vicinity of Sudak. In addition, local travel agencies offer everyone a lot interesting excursions with a visit to the most famous sights of the Crimean peninsula.

History of Sudak

The coastal settlement near the river flowing into the sea was founded in 212 by the Sughds. This name was borne by one of the tribes of the peoples of the Adyghe group. In the Middle Ages, the Crimean city was called differently: the Italians spoke of it "Soldaya", and the Greeks - "Sugdeya". The city expanded and grew due to merchants who sailed here from Italy and Greece, as well as artisans who came to work.

In the VI century, the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I the Great decided to build fortifications on the Crimean coast. The city reached its greatest prosperity in the XII-XIII centuries, when the routes of the Great Silk Road were laid past it. In the middle of the XIV century, Soldaya was captured by the Genoese, and in 1475 by the army of the Ottoman Empire. The period of Turkish rule adversely affected the city. It fell into decay, and the number of people living here from year to year became less.

In 1783, Sudak, like other Crimean cities, became part of the Russian Empire. During the Great Patriotic War, this part of the Crimea was subjected to German-Romanian occupation, and when peace came, Sudak began to develop as health resort and wine center.

Medieval fort and museum

The Genoese fortress is located in the western part of the city, not far from the sea coast, on top of the Fortress Mountain. The fortifications rise noticeably above the city blocks and therefore are visible from afar - both from Sudak itself and from the sea.

The exact time of the construction of the fortress is not known. Some historians believe that it appeared in Sudak in the 6th century by order of the ruler of the Byzantine Empire, Justinian I the Great. After the Byzantines, the Genoese took over the Crimea, who significantly rebuilt and strengthened the defensive structures.

Today, the majestic medieval fortress has become a popular tourist attraction. It covers an area of 30 hectares and is open to visitors every day: from May to September - from 8.00 to 19.00, and from October to April - from 9.00 to 17.00. Entrance to the territory is paid. You can explore the ancient fort on your own or with a guide.

The Genoese fortress has two lines of defense - external and internal. The outer line stretches along the northern slopes of the Fortress Mountain and consists of 14 towers and the Main Gate. The towers in this area of defense are up to 15 m high, and the walls between them are 6-8 m, with a thickness of up to 2 meters. The internal line of defense includes 4 towers. At the very top of the Fortress Mountain rises the Watch Tower, which is also called the Maiden Tower.

IN ancient fortress there is a massive stone building known as the "temple with arcade". This iconic building has interesting story. In the XIII century, the Seljuk Turks erected the Padishah-Jami mosque in the Sudak fortress. When the Turkish rule ended, the Muslim temple was converted into a Greek Orthodox church, and the Genoese who came to power used it as a temple for Catholic worship.

In the 15th century, the Ottoman Turks settled on the peninsula, and they turned the religious building into a mosque. Time passed, Crimea became part of the Russian Empire, and an Orthodox church was again created here, consecrating it in honor of the Apostle Matthew. Approximately 600 years after its construction, in 1817 this church was closed due to dilapidation. However, the history of the ancient temple did not end there. In the 80s of the XIX century, it was restored and began to be used as an Armenian Catholic church.

Divine services here were interrupted in 1924 by the decision of the city authorities. Two years later, a museum was opened in an old stone building, telling about the history of the city of Sudak and the Genoese fortress. This museum is located in the former temple today.

For several years now, in the middle of summer, a large-scale holiday has been held in the ancient Genoese fortress - the colorful festival "Genoese Helmet". It is attended by members of historical reconstruction clubs, fencers, as well as residents of the city and tourists who came to Sudak. During the festival, exciting jousting tournaments and a spectacular assault on the fortress. Master classes are held for guests, where you can learn pottery and blacksmithing, as well as try on knightly armor.

Tower of Astagver (Portovaya) and the ancient temple of the Twelve Apostles

The Astagvera Tower and the Temple of the Twelve Apostles are located on a rocky hill to the west of the Genoese Fort, 150 meters north of the seashore. Previously, a section of the fortress wall adjoined the Astagver tower, which connected it with the Corner tower of the main fortification. The fortification was built in 1386 to protect the city's port. The place was chosen well - between two rocky peaks. The tower was named after the commandant of Soldaya, Federico Astagver.

On the masonry of the tower, you can see many bas-relief slabs on which crosses of various sizes are carved. Researchers believe that these are tombstones that the builders brought from a nearby cemetery. All walls, except for the northern one, are plastered. Closed on all sides, the three-story tower stands on a massive square foundation and has four tiers. There are loopholes on each wall so that the defenders can fire in any direction. In addition, battlements were made at the very top of the tower, which provided protection for the archers.

The ancient builders thought of everything to the smallest detail and made sure that the people who defended the tower could be in it long time. On both sides of the fortification, large containers were carved into the rocky ground, filled with water from a small mountain stream, so medieval warriors were always provided with a sufficient supply of drinking water.

Near the tower of Astagver, on a rocky hill stands ancient temple Twelve Apostles. Soldaya was trading city and grew from the coastal part. Near the city port there were houses of residents, merchant shops, craft workshops and outbuildings. When conducting archaeological sites coins and ceramics of the 3rd-4th centuries were found in this part of Sudak.

In the X-XII centuries, a small stone basilica was built for the inhabitants of the harbor. From the hewn stone slabs in the church, they made one five-sided apse and consecrated the temple in honor of the prophet Elijah.

In those days, the coastline looked different. Over the past centuries, the water level in the Black Sea has risen by 3-4 m, the rising sea water has absorbed coastline, and the old harbor is now located at the bottom of the sea. However, the ancient basilica with a gable roof was erected on a hill and has survived to this day next to the majestic Port Tower.

It is known that before World War II, inside the temple, one could see a wall image of Jesus Christ and his closest disciples gathered for the Last Supper, which is why ancient church the new name was fixed. It began to be called the Temple of the Twelve Apostles. In 2009, it was restored, and now it is a functioning Orthodox church.

Temples in Sudak

The Church of the Intercession of the Virgin rises in the center of Sudak, 0.65 km southeast of the bus station, on the street. Lenina, 27. This temple was founded in 1819 and began to be built on donations from the townspeople. However, the collected money was not enough, the construction dragged on and was completed only in the 1840s. The church, consecrated in honor of the Intercession of the Virgin, is interesting as a place where members of the Russian imperial family came several times.

Services in the temple were held until 1936, then, during the period of an active anti-religious campaign, it was closed to believers, and the bell tower was destroyed. During the Nazi occupation, the church was reopened to parishioners. She received the inhabitants of Sudak until 1962, when the temple was again closed by decision of the authorities. Inside the cult building, the Palace of Pioneers began to work, and after it - repair shops. In the early 1990s, the old church was restored.

The cross-domed temple has entrances from three sides. According to the architectural traditions of the mid-19th century, they are decorated with columns and triangular pediments. To the left and right of the doorway you can see beautiful mosaics depicting saints. Today the temple is active and is open as a courtyard of the Kiziltash monastery.

Another, more ancient temple - the Church of St. Paraskeva is located on the western outskirts of Sudak, on Primorskaya Street, 13. It is located in the center of modern resort village Cozy, under the walls of the Genoese fortress.

Historians believe that the small church was built in the 10th-12th centuries. This is a one-story stone building with a gable roof covered with tiles. In former times, there was a large cemetery around it, but today only two tombstones have survived from the old churchyard. One slab stands on the grave where the family members of the scientist Christian Steven are buried, the same one, thanks to whom the famous Nikitsky was founded. Botanical Garden. The second tombstone covers the grave of the St. Petersburg artist Kondaraki.

Nowadays, the church of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa has been well restored, and divine services are regularly held in it. Near the Orthodox church you can see a one-story building of the Lutheran church. It appeared in Sudak at the end of the 19th century for members of the German colony, whose members began to settle near the Genoese fortress from 1805.

Museum "Dacha Funka"

From the east of the Genoese fortress in a beautiful two-story house, which appeared in Sudak at the beginning of the 20th century, there is an interesting historical museum (Ushakova Street, 1). It got its name from the name of the owner of the house - Fedor Fedorovich Funk, the manager of the estate of K. A. Gorchakov.

Museum exhibits occupy four halls. The first of them exhibits archaeological finds dating back to the Paleolithic. At the "Dacha Funk" you can see objects from the settlement of the Taurians, the sanctuary of the Goths, the Alanian burial ground and the ancient Greek fort. The second and third halls of the museum are dedicated to the history of Sudak during the reign of the Byzantines, Khazars and Venetians. The last hall of the museum exhibition tells about the periods of the Principality of Theodoro and the Ottoman Empire. "Dacha Funka" is open to visitors daily, except Monday, from 9.00 to 18.00.

Excursion to Cape Alchak-kaya

Cape Alchak-kaya limits the urban development of Sudak from the east. Today it is a protected area, and for travelers the entrance is paid. A hill located on the seashore is all that remains of the ancient coral reef. Alchak-kaya received the status of a natural monument in 1988, and today it is protected by local forestry.

At the foot of the cape, where the small Suuk-su river flows into the Black Sea, archaeologists have found a Bronze Age site, as well as coins minted in the 3rd century, when the Bosporan kingdom existed. Walking along the picturesque cape takes about an hour and a half. The hiking trail is surrounded by thickets of pistachio trees, barberries and bushes of prickly rose hips.

From the top point of Alchak-kai (152 m) a beautiful panorama of the sea coast opens up. From here you can clearly see the Genoese fortress and the resort part of Sudak. On the slope facing the city, there is a through grotto of the Aeolian Harp, which was formed in the rock as a result of centuries of erosion.

Water entertainment center

Known to all Crimeans, the Sudak water park is located in the southern part of the city, at the foot of Alchak-Kaya Mountain, at the address: st. Gagarin, 79. Its territory adjoins the city embankment and is only a hundred meters away from the sea. The water park in Sudak is open during the summer tourist season, every day, from 10.00 to 18.00.

For visitors, there are 6 pools and 9 slides-attractions, the height of which ranges from 10 to 14 m. The spacious pool has a three-level depth, fountains, a jacuzzi and a river with a counter-flow.

For young visitors to the water park, a separate pool has been created with a three-level depth, safe for swimming for kids from 2 years old. The children's pool has three slides, fountains and an entertainment sports complex in the form of a ship. It is very important that the pool for children is equipped with autonomous water purification and disinfection systems.

Restaurants and cafes

Public catering is developed in Sudak, so there are many restaurants, cafes, canteens, eateries and bars in the city. In most of them, prices are about the same, only establishments on the waterfront sell with a noticeable markup.

During the summer tourist season, boiled corn, waffle sticks with condensed milk, baklava, chak-chak, fresh raspberries, mulberries and peaches, smoked perch, manti, pilaf, as well as mashed potatoes with meatballs and salad are sold on the beaches of Sudak.

A lot of fast food is also presented on Cypress Alley. Here, travelers can buy rolls with chicken, fragrant pastries chir-chir - a local analogue of cheburek and triangular pies - samsa baked in the tandoor.

During your vacation in Sudak, you should try dishes of the Crimean cuisine. Local culinary traditions formed over many centuries. Despite the fact that the peninsula is inhabited by representatives of more than 80 nationalities, the dishes of the Crimean Tatars give a distinctive flavor to the local cuisine. These are, first of all, meat treats: "kubete" - a pie stuffed with lamb, potatoes and onions; "Yufahash" - small dumplings with lamb, which are usually eaten with broth, where they were cooked; sarma - meat "stuffed cabbage rolls" wrapped in grape leaves, and, of course, the Crimean lagman - hearty, rich lamb soup with vegetables and special noodles.

No less tasty and varied are the dishes of traditional Karaite cuisine: “buber dolmasy” - peppers stuffed with vegetables, duck under dough, Karaite pies, meatballs with nuts and raisins, turkey with quince, as well as melon jam with dogwood.

In Sudak, you should try fried Black Sea fish - red mullet, as well as dishes from flounder and mullet. Some restaurants in the city serve perfectly cooked julienne of mussels and rapans.

Taste Crimean holiday would be incomplete without a fragrant jam made from rose petals, dogwood or quince. Also excellent Crimean wines are sold in Sudak. Massandra wines are famous for their excellent quality and aroma. It is desirable to use them chilled to +16 ºС. And tea lovers will certainly appreciate fragrant Crimean teas with mountain herbs.

Special offers for Sudak hotels

How to get there

The nearest airport to Sudak is located 107 km from the city, in Simferopol. It accepts flights from Moscow and other major Russian cities. From the Simferopol bus station to Sudak several times a day there are direct and passing regular buses. During the holiday season, they start running at 5.30 and end at 20.30. Buses run frequently, every 20 minutes. The road to Sudak takes about two hours. In addition, if desired, you can take a taxi to the coast.

During high season people come to Sudak on the "Single ticket" provided by Russian Railways. To do this, they get to Krasnodar or Anapa by train, and then they get to Sudak by bus through the ferry crossing Port Kavkaz - Port Krym.

From Sudak there are regular bus services to Feodosia, Sevastopol and Novyi Svet. In addition, many buses run daily from the city bus station, connecting Sudak with the nearest resort suburbs.