Geographical position and natural conditions of Montenegro. Montenegro - travel company "scarab" The geographical position of Montenegro on the map
Montenegro is one of the most popular tourist destinations Europe. Montenegro is mountains and plains, dense forests, crystal-clear waters of the Adriatic, mountain rivers and picturesque lakes, piercingly clean air, as well as beautiful ancient cities, where different styles and cultures are so harmoniously combined, thereby creating a unique flavor and atmosphere of comfort. stunning natural resources this beautiful country, a wonderful climate, an abundance of historical, architectural and cultural attractions, combined with affordable prices, attract an increasing number of tourists to this little paradise.
Lord George Byron wrote about Montenegro:
“At the moment of the birth of our planet, the most beautiful of the meetings of land and sea took place in Montenegro ... When the pearls of nature were sown, a whole handful fell on this land ...”
The Republic of Montenegro covers the southwestern, coastal part of the Balkan Peninsula. In the west, Montenegro borders on Croatia, in the northwest - on Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the north, northeast and east - on Serbia, in the southeast - on Albania. The population of Montenegro is about 650,000 people. The Montenegrin coast has a coastal part with a length of 293 km, along the coast there are 14 islands with 15.6 km. coastline. 
Budva is a city in Montenegro, located in the central part of the Adriatic coast of the country. The city is the center of the municipal district of the same name. Budva was founded 2500 years ago, is one of the most ancient settlements on the shores of the Adriatic Sea. 
Budva and its environs form the Budva Riviera - the largest tourist centre Montenegro, famous for its sandy beaches, nightlife and fine examples of Mediterranean architecture. 
Most of the historical monuments are concentrated in the Old Town of Budva. Located on a peninsula that protrudes sharply into the sea, it is a corner of typical Venetian and Mediterranean architecture. Despite the devastating effects of the 1979 earthquake, by 1987 the Old City had been completely restored. The old city is surrounded by a powerful fortress wall and pierced by narrow winding streets that lead to the city citadel, where the museum is now located. Near the citadel there are three ancient churches. 
A beautiful and graceful sculpture of a dancer, located on a rocky stone near Mogren Beach, has become an unofficial symbol of the city. This is the most famous and photographed landmark of Budva. This monument, according to legend, is associated with a romantic legend, and has become a symbol of true love, near which romantic natures like to be photographed and make wishes. 
Fortress walls 
The fortress walls of Budva from the sea 
Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (founded in the 7th century), with a bell tower - the architectural dominant of the old city. 
Church of the Holy Trinity (built in 1804) - Orthodox church built in typical Byzantine style. A characteristic feature is the belfry "on a spinning wheel" with three bells. The facade of the church above the western gate is decorated with a rosette. A Greek icon painter painted the iconostasis partition of this church in the 19th century, and it is of exceptional artistic value. 
Budva Citadel (city fortress Kastel), built on a hill on the south side of the city. This is where the city walls begin and end. The fortress was first mentioned in 1425. 
Old town Budva 
Not far from Budva, within line of sight, is the island of St. Nicholas, one of the few islands off the coast of Montenegro. 
Marina for yachts and boats near the Old Town of Budva 
Budva is surrounded by beaches, most of which are either coarse sand or small pebbles. 
Ostrog Monastery is one of the most amazing and wonderful places in Montenegro. This is recognized by everyone who has visited it at least once. Carved into a sheer rock at an altitude of 900 meters above sea level, the monastery is the embodiment of purity, fortitude and true faith, for which nothing is impossible. Due to its unique architecture and location, Ostrog, like guiding star on a dark sky, it is always clearly visible from afar both day and night. Looking at it, sometimes it begins to seem that the construction of such a temple cannot be the work of human hands, but is the result of divine providence. 
Today Ostrog is a functioning Serbian Orthodox monastery in Montenegro, located in the mountains 15 km from the city of Danilovgrad, at an altitude of about 900 m above sea level. Founded in the 17th century. The monastery houses the relics of its founder, Saint Basil of Ostrog, one of the most revered saints of the Serbian Orthodox Church. The imperishable relics of St. Basil of Ostrog are still kept in one of the monastery churches, becoming one of the main Montenegrin relics. These relics are believed to have miraculous healing powers. 
It is believed that this is the third most visited place of pilgrimage for the Orthodox in the world, after the tomb of Christ and the holy mountain in Jerusalem. Ostrog is the only Orthodox active monastery, where not only Christians, but also followers of other religions come for pilgrimage purposes. 
Old Austrian fortress Kosmach. This fortress is perfectly visible from the highway Budva - Cetinje. The Kosmach fortress was built by the Austrians as a defensive structure on the border with Montenegro, which was then a semi-autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire, in 1841-50. It is located on the top of Kosmach hill (hence its name). The fortress was a key one in the chain of border fortresses of Austria-Hungary. 
Sveti Stefan is a resort in Montenegro, located on the Adriatic coast, on the Budva Riviera, 5 kilometers southeast of Budva. Located on a small island, an isthmus between land and a natural island, appeared as a result of alluvial gravel layers. A very rare natural phenomenon. The island is closed to non-guests. The village of the same name adjacent to the island has a tourist infrastructure, and apartment prices, although higher than the average in Montenegro, are much more affordable than in a hotel on the island. 
For the first time the fortress was mentioned in the chronicles of 1442, when the inhabitants of the local village of Petrovichi met the Ottomans, who were trying to capture Kotor. After the victory, it was decided to erect a church and a fortress in honor of St. Stephen. Sveti Stefan was an important trading center and transport hub during the times of the Venetian Republic. Sveti Stefan was settled in the 15th century and for a long time was a simple fishing village. Due to the economic crisis, the city began to decline. In the 1950s, 20 residents were relocated to the mainland and Sveti Stefan became a luxury hotel town. During the reconstruction, the appearance of the buildings, which number about 80, was not damaged. Holidays in Sveti Stefan were popular among many celebrities: at one time, the guests of the resort were Elizabeth Taylor, Sophia Loren, Claudia Schiffer, Carlo Ponti, Kirk Douglas, Bobby Fischer, Sylvester Stallone and others. 
Sveti Stefan Island is one of the most expensive resorts in Montenegro. There are 58 luxurious apartments here, including 8 in the world-famous Villa Milocer. The beaches on the island are about 2 kilometers long and consist of beautiful pink sand. The island is connected to the land by a small isthmus made of gravel washed in layers, which in itself is a unique phenomenon - the isthmus is of natural, not artificial origin. 
Here is the cleanest sea in all of Europe and beaches with dark gray sand or the smallest pebbles. 
The Bay of Kotor is considered one of the most beautiful bays in the world and confidently ranks first among the most beautiful bays in Europe. Previously, it was even believed that the Bay of Kotor is the southernmost fjord in Europe. In fact, this is not so, but the landscapes are really very similar. 
Kotor is a city in Montenegro, administrative center Kotor municipality. Located on the shores of the Bay of Kotor of the Adriatic Sea. Historically, Kotor and the surrounding lands belong to the region of Dalmatia. The old part of the city is under the protection of UNESCO. Kotor is the administrative, cultural, religious, educational and economic center of Boka Kotorska. Throughout the history of Kotor and the Bay of Kotor, the main occupation of the locals was navigation and overseas trade. Therefore, Kotor became one of the most important shopping centers this part of the Adriatic coast. 
Cathedral of Saint Tryphon in Kotor Cathedral Kotor Catholic Diocese. The Cathedral of St. Tryphon has become the center of the spiritual life of the local Croats, who historically make up a significant part of the population of Kotor. It is one of two cathedral catholic cathedrals Montenegro, along with the cathedral Immaculate Conception Virgin Mary, located in the city of Bar. The Cathedral of Saint Tryphon, despite numerous reconstructions, is an outstanding example of Romanesque architecture. The cathedral building was consecrated on July 19, 1166 in the name of St. Tryphon, who is considered the patron saint of Kotor. The building faced many trials; one of the most difficult moments in the history of the temple was the catastrophic earthquake of 1667. Its consequences were the destruction of part of the building, as a result of which both bell towers of the cathedral had to be rebuilt. Built from stone since now Croatian island Korčula, they have acquired some typical baroque features. Between themselves, they were connected by a wide arch dividing the facade of the building horizontally. On the upper part of the facade there is a fairly large rose window, the arch forms a portico located directly above the entrance to the cathedral. Saint Tryphon Cathedral is part of the facility world heritage"Natural and cultural-historical region of Kotor". 
In the northern part of old Kotor there is another building that attracts attention not only ordinary tourists, but also for those who are interested in the history of Orthodoxy, this is the Church of St. Nicholas. The construction of the church began in 1902 on the foundation of a burned-out building, construction was completed in 1909 - the date of completion of construction is imprinted on the facade of the building. The well-known architect Choril Ivekovich worked on the design of the temple. Built in the Byzantine style, with one nave, with two bell towers on the main facade, the church is remarkably visible from the city wall, which adjoins it closely. The Church of St. Nicholas is the only Orthodox church in Kotor, in which divine services are performed daily. 
The Old Town of Kotor is rightfully considered one of the best preserved medieval urban centers on the Adriatic, included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List. From 1420 to 1797 Kotor and its surroundings were under the control of the Republic of Venice and the Venetian influence remained dominant in the architecture of the city. The city walls were continuously built and rebuilt from the 9th to the 19th century. The walls surround Old city and climb a rocky hill, on the slope of which Kotor is located. Their length is 4.5 kilometers, the height reaches 20 meters, and the thickness is 16 meters. On top of a hill at an altitude of 260 meters above sea level - the fortress of St. John 
The fortress of Kotor is one of the unique sights. The construction of the citadel was begun by the Romans, destroying the foundation and walls that the Illyrians had previously erected here. The Byzantines were the next to capture this strategically important bay: they destroyed the already dilapidated citadel and built a new one in its place. Further, the Kotor citadel was influenced by many different invaders. The Byzantines were replaced by the Arabs in the middle of the 9th century, followed by the Bulgarians, the Venetians and the Serbs. During the period of Venetian rule (15-17 centuries), the Ottomans tried to besiege the fortress. In the 18th century the fortifications went to the Habsburgs, and at the beginning of the 19th century. - The French Empire. True, France did not manage to bring anything of its own to the appearance of the fortress: in 1814, the British occupied the fortress. By decision of the Congress of Vienna, Kotor again returned to the fold of the Austrian Empire. In 1979, the fortress was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. 
The fortress walls protect the old city from the north and southwest. Their length is 4.5 km, thickness - from 2 to 16 m, and height - 20 m. Amazing power! But the main reason why most tourists want to get here is 1460! steps (someone counted). To climb to the top of the mountain, directly to the fortress itself, they must be overcome. And the path is thorny and long: the first part is the green path (simple), the second is yellow (medium difficulty), the third is red (the most difficult and dangerous). Some steps are destroyed, in some places the road goes right over the cliff. 
View of the fortress walls of the city from the side of the river. 
Perast - old City in Montenegro. Located on the shores of the Bay of Kotor on the Adriatic Sea, a few kilometers northwest of Kotor. Perast lies at the foot of the hill of St. Elias (873 m), on the cape that separates the Risan Bay from the Bay of Kotor (which, in turn, are constituent parts of the Bay of Kotor), directly opposite the Verige Strait, the narrowest part of the Boka. 
The name of the city is believed to come from the name of the Illyrian tribe of Pirusts. In the Spila cave above Perast, traces of the Neolithic culture (about 3500 BC) were found. Various archaeological evidences from the Illyrian, Roman and early Christian periods have also been found here. Founded by the Illyrians. Despite their small size, Perast is very popular among tourists - after all, it is one of the most beautiful examples of baroque architecture on the shores of the Adriatic. Each house in the city, and there are not so few of them, is like a real museum, and the surrounding beauties of the bay give Perast even more charm. According to the 2003 census, the city has 349 inhabitants 
There are two small islands near Perast: the Island of St. George and the Island of Gospa od Shkrpela 
One of the islands is called the island of St. George, it has a picturesque Benedictine abbey, which was first mentioned in 1166 as the property of the city of Kotor. The study of the few surviving fragments of the original architectural decoration led to the conclusion that the abbey existed at least as early as the 9th century. The island remained a Kotor possession until 1634, when the patronage over it passed to the Venetian Senate. The island was constantly under the threat of invasions and earthquakes. In 1535, the citizens of Perast killed abbot Pascal, who was elected by the city council of Kotor (as a sign of repentance, the Perastians rebuilt and expanded the church by neighboring island). In 1571, the Turkish pirate Karadoz burned down both the abbey and the whole of Perast (restoration began only in 1603). During the Great Earthquake on April 6, 1667, the abbey on the island of St. George was again destroyed. In 1812, the abbey was captured by the French, who were later expelled by the townspeople of Perast. In 1814 the abbey was captured by the Austrians. The abbey houses works of the 15th century by Lovro Marinov Dobrichevich, a famous painter from Kotor. 
Another island is called "Gospa od Shkrpela" (Italian: Madonna dello Scarpello, which means "Madonna on the Reef" or "Mother of God on the Rock" (from the Latin "scropulus" - "reef"). Gospa od Shkrpela is perhaps the only man-made island of the Adriatic and is located 115 meters northwest of the island of St. George.It was built on top of a reef after in 1452 two sailors from Perast, brothers Morteshichi, found on it an icon of the Mother of God, which cured one of them from an illness "After that, the icon immediately became revered. Initially, the reef was only slightly above the surface of the water, but for 200 years, the townspeople flooded captured pirate ships and their old ships next to it (in addition, a law was passed according to which every ship passing by the reef had to here throw a stone to the bottom.) This is how a plateau was created, the area of which is 3030 m². 
The Church of the Mother of God was built on the island (it took its modern form after the reconstruction undertaken after the Great Earthquake on April 6, 1667). The church was built in the Byzantine style and reaches 11 meters in height. It is believed that the inhabitants of Perast built the church not only because they wanted to see the Virgin Mary as the patroness of their sailors, but also to consolidate their power over the man-made island, as opposed to the power of Kotor over the island of St. George. At the end of the 17th century, Perast reached the pinnacle of economic and cultural development, which helped decorate the Church of Our Lady on the Rock with many works of art. So, Andria Zmaevich invited Tripo Kokolya to decorate it, who spent about 10 years to complete the painting of the church. For centuries, the church has received gifts from wealthy citizens and ship captains and is now not only a temple, but also a treasury and an art gallery. There are 68 oil paintings here. On the walls of the church you can see 2500 gold and silver "votive" plates, which the inhabitants of Boka Kotorska donated to the church "in fulfillment of this vow" for getting rid of various disasters. 
The canyons of the Tara and Moraca rivers are the most amazing corner of Montenegro. In our opinion, this excursion is considered the most interesting in Montenegro. For almost fourteen hours we traveled by bus along the winding Montenegrin serpentines. Flying to Montenegro and not going to see the canyons is almost the same as never going to the beach. In the photo - Canyon of the Moraca River. 
Truly amazing mountain landscapes and fantastic views of the rivers running somewhere far below opened up around every turn. Well, what can we say - the nature in Montenegro is simply amazing. 
Biogradsko Lake is often called the heart of the Biogradska Gora National Park - it is indeed its central part and the most attractive destination for tourists visiting the region. This unique nature reserve, one of the most beautiful lakes of the entire Balkan Peninsula, is able to give a lot of pleasant impressions from the dense forests surrounding it, clean mountain air and clear blue water, which have remained unchanged for several centuries. 
Biogradsko Lake is located in an intermountain basin of glacial origin at an altitude of 1,094 m above sea level. It is the largest of the 6 lakes scattered throughout the Biogradska Gora National Park. The surface area is 228,500 m², the average depth is 4.5 m, and the maximum depth is 12.1 m. The Lavel stream and the Biogradskaya river flow into the lake. The river Jezerstica flows out of Lake Biograd, which is a tributary of the Tara. 
Montenegro is famous for its many beautiful places. One of them is the Tara River Canyon, the deepest in Europe and the second in the world after the Grand Canyon! Around - beautiful mountains, gorges and waterfalls. The length of this miracle of nature is 82 km, in some places the height of the walls reaches more than 1300 meters. 
Huge massive mountains seem to hang overhead. 
One of the most beautiful places Tara Canyon - the bend of the river. In this place, it bends in the form of a huge horseshoe. 
The canyon is located between the mountains of Sinyaevina and Durmitor on the one hand, and Lubishnya and Zlatni Bor on the other, being part of the Durmitor National Park. The territory of the canyon with Durmitor Park is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. 
Tell about quantity amazing landscapes that we managed to see is simply impossible. Not a single photo in any way conveys the fantastic beauty of this place; any description seems faded in comparison with reality. 
The Dzhurzhevich Bridge is a concrete arched bridge across the Tara River in the northern part of Montenegro. Located at the crossroads between the cities of Mojkovac, Zabljak and Pljevlja. The Dzhurdzhevich Bridge got its name from the name of the owner of the farm, which is located nearby. The Dzhurdzhevich Bridge was designed by Miyat Troyanovich. It was built between 1937 and 1940 in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The chief project engineer is Isaac Russo. The 5-arch bridge has a length of 365 meters, the length of the largest span is 116 meters. The height of the carriageway of the bridge from the Tara River is 172 meters. At the time of its completion, it was the largest vehicular concrete arch bridge in Europe. The bridge became calling card countries. 
Yugoslav partisans in 1942, with the help of one of the bridge construction engineers, Lazar Yaukovich, blew up the central arch, while retaining the rest of the spans. The explosion of the longest span destroyed the only crossing of the Tara River Canyon in the area, which led to a halt in the advance of Italian troops in this part of Montenegro. The Italians became so angry that they were specifically looking for Lazar Yaukovich, and in the end he was captured and shot. The monument to the engineer stands at the entrance to the bridge. These events were depicted in the 1969 Yugoslav film The Bridge and the British film Hurricane from Navarone. The bridge was rebuilt in 1946. They constantly come to him sightseeing buses. For everyone on the Dzhurdzhevich bridge, there is a campsite with a parking lot, a shop, a hostel and a gas station. 
From the Dzhurdzhevich bridge opens great view. Feeling like you're floating in the air. There is a huge abyss under your feet and somewhere far below the waves of Tara are seething. 
Around the mountains, cliffs, forest, clean air ... the joy in the soul from this beauty is extraordinary! 
Durmitor National Park is a real miracle of nature in Montenegro. Ancient forests, mountains, lakes, rivers and alpine meadows spread over a vast area. Somewhere here small villages are lost, people in which live almost the same as they did many hundreds of years ago, without changing the centuries-old way of life. Durmitor is surely included in the list of the most interesting sights of Montenegro. The Durmitor National Park, established in 1952, includes the Durmitor mountain range, the canyons of the Tara, Sushitsa and Draga rivers, as well as the upper part of the Komarnitsa plateau. The total area is 390 km². In 1980 it was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. 
Some believe that the word "durmitor" comes from the Celtic language and means - "mountains in which there are many waters", others - that from Latin this word means "sleeping, immersed in eternal sleep." During the ice age, everything here was covered with ice, and with the advent of the thaw, many beautiful mountain lakes formed. There are about 18 of them; the most famous of them is the Black Lake (“Crno Jezero”), which locals nicknamed "black eyes", because. big lake through the isthmus it flows into a small lake and forms a kind of eye. 
In addition to lakes, Durmitor is famous for its mountain peaks, some of which are covered with snow even in summer. The most high point mountain range - Bobotov Kuk; its height is 2523 m. This Peak has a strange but euphonious name and is said to be the highest mountain peak in the Republic of Montenegro. This is one of 48 peaks with heights of more than 2000 meters, located on the territory of the Durmitor mountain range. 
The Black Lake is comfortably located at the foot of the Bobotov Kuk mountain at an altitude of 1416 m. Its area is 516 m². The water in the lake is of high purity and transparency, it can be drunk without fear. The water in the lake is so clear that it can be seen to a depth of 9 meters. In fact, it consists of two small reservoirs - Big and Small, connected by a narrow strait. Among other things, the Black Lake is also very beautiful - a dense coniferous forest is reflected in its calm waters, which gives the reservoir a rich blue-green color. 
Durmitor is the embodiment of the most real fairy tale. There are also icy lakes, and spacious meadows strewn with a variety of flowers, and thickets of dense coniferous forests, where you can always hear the birds singing and see squirrels jumping along the branches. 
The terrain of Montenegro does not favor the appearance of wide, even autobahns - most of the country is covered with mountains and hills, along which narrow serpentines and mountain roads. These very roads in Montenegro, in the mountains, are a real test for the driver and passengers - a lot of extreme impressions from the trip are guaranteed! 
Skadar Lake is one of the main attractions of Montenegro. Lake Skadar or Shkoder is the largest lake on the Balkan Peninsula. It is located on the territory of two states Montenegro and Albania, 2/3 of the lake belongs to Montenegro. In 1983, Skadar Lake became a national park, this place is very beautiful, rich in fish and a huge number of birds, and there are numerous small villages on the coast. This is the largest natural freshwater reservoir in the entire Balkan Peninsula - its average area is 475 square kilometers! 
Lake reeds, southern reeds and narrow-leaved cattails, white water lilies, yellow pods and chillim grow on the lake. The lake is rich in fish and waterfowl. Bleaks, carp, podust, freshwater eels, noble salmon, roach, shad, pachychilons, mullet and rudd are common. Birds are represented by at least 26 species. In winter, more than 200 thousand birds live on the lake. 
The area of the water surface of the lake is about 390 km², but can increase to 530 km² during winter floods. On average, the area is 475 km². The total length of the coast is 168 km: 110.5 km in Montenegro and 57.5 km in Albania. The maximum depth of the lake is more than 60 meters, the average is 6 m. 
The climate in the lake area is Mediterranean, with mild and rainy winters. The average January temperature is 7.3°C. Summer is dry and hot, air is heated above 40°C, water is above 27°C 
Skadar lake has rich history and culture, as evidenced by numerous archaeological finds, medieval monasteries and churches, fortresses and local architecture (fishing settlements, bridges, mills and wells). On the lake islands, of which there are only 55, and on the shore, by the lake, there are many interesting historical sights and monuments, including ancient churches and functioning monasteries (Vranina, Starchevo, Beshka, Morachnik and others). 
The lake has been a protected National Park since 1983 and in 1996 was included in the List of Wetlands of International Importance under the 1971 Ramsar Convention. 
Cetinje Monastery - Orthodox Monastery of the Nativity Holy Mother of God in the historical and spiritual capital of Montenegro, the city of Cetinje. The monastery was built in 1484. main shrine, which is kept in the monastery, is the imperishable right hand of St. John the Baptist. This is one of the most revered shrines of the Christian world, since according to the Bible, John the Baptist laid his right hand on the head of Jesus Christ during Baptism. 
Church of the Nativity of the Virgin on Chipur. 
The village of Negushi is quiet, quiet place, which is located on the slope of Mount Lovcen at an altitude of 900 m above sea level in the municipality of the city of Cetinje. Now the village has turned into a real tourist town, in which there are no more than 50 houses and about 200 people live. This settlement is known for the fact that it produces the famous Negush prosciutto (cured pork ham), famous throughout Montenegro, as well as famous homemade cheeses and natural mountain honey. Here you can also see how this meat is produced, buy it as a souvenir or try prosciutto in local taverns. The fact is that it is here that nature itself has created ideal conditions for making prosciutto - a cool climate and mountain air that mixes with the sea. This is what gives the unique flavor of Njegusi prosciutto. 
Montenegro is very rich in the most amazing sights. Here you can see not only magnificent natural landscapes, but also ancient churches, temples, fortresses. Even the most successful photographs in no way convey the beauty that we will remember for a lifetime. No wonder Vladimir Semyonovich Vysotsky wrote: "One birth is not enough for me, I would grow from two roots, It's a pity that Montenegro did not become my second homeland ..."
Montenegro is famous for its diverse natural landscapes, especially inland. However, tourists are most interested in the main coast of Montenegro. We will talk about it in this article.
The length of the Montenegrin coast is 293 km. It consists of two separate parts: Boka Kotorska in the north (the Bay of Kotor, a series of four basins connected by straits and surrounded by hills) and a "regular" coastline in the south.
On the northern and eastern edge Bay of Kotor the mountains rise almost vertically from the sea to the peaks of Orijen (1895 m) and Lovcen (1749 m). Warm air from the sea rises over the rocks, cools quickly and causes rain. Due to abundant rainfall, the entire coast of the bay remains very green even during the warmest summer months. The vicinity of the Bay of Kotor is one of the regions of Europe with the most big amount precipitation.
The rest of the coastline is open to the sea. There are many long and relatively wide beaches here. Mediterranean vegetation prevails in this region, with dense evergreen shrubs and many aromatic plants. Tall cypresses, sea pines and olive groves are also common on south coast Montenegro.
As for the weather on this coast, summers are long and hot, and winters are mild and rainy.
Montenegrin coast map
Unfortunately we couldn't find good card coast of Montenegro in Russian, but found a few detailed maps, which marked all the important cities and resorts of Montenegro on the Adriatic coast. We recommend that you enlarge the map to see it in more detail. To enlarge, click on the map itself, and then on the "Enlarge" icon.
Cities and resorts of Montenegro on the coast
Almost all the cities of Montenegro on the sea coast are resorts. Only some of the most famous cities in Montenegro are not on the coastline (Podgorica, Cetinje, Zabljak). What cities and resorts of Montenegro are located on the seashore? These are famous cities as (from north to south): Herceg Novi, Kotor, Tivat, Budva, Becici, Petrovac, Sutomore, Bar and Ulcinj. Of course, this is not all resorts. We talked about all these cities in separate articles, and some of them even devoted entire sections on our website.Montenegro- a small country located in the southwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. Its area is only 13.8 thousand km2. Nevertheless, 4 different natural and climatic regions can be distinguished on the territory of the country: coastal, plateau, high mountains and flat, overlooking Lake Skadar.
In the west, Montenegro borders on Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the coast - on Croatia, on the north and northeast - on Serbia, and on the east - on Albania. From the south it is bounded by the Adriatic Sea, the length of the coastline is about 300 km. The length of the beaches is 73 km, of which 56 km are sandy beaches.
The Montenegrin coast, only 2-10 km wide, is sandwiched between the sea and the rocky plateau that abruptly breaks off towards it. One of the best harbors in Europe is located in Montenegro - the Bay of Kotor (protrudes into the coast for more than 20 km), consisting of several spacious bays interconnected by narrow channels. For a long time there was a belief that the bay is a fjord, but now it is believed that the Bay of Kotor is the remains of a river canyon that once existed here. Strong tectonic and karst processes led to its gradual destruction.
A karst plateau rises above the coast, the terrain here is harsh, but beautiful in its own way. The rocks dry out quickly: even the strongest annual downpours cannot significantly moisten the soil, so there are few plants and animals here. Rare patches of fertile land are found only on small plains and crater-like depressions. Here is located national park"Lovcen".
The basin of Lake Skadar, the fertile plain of the Zeta River, the Belopavlitskaya Plain and the Niksic Field make up a flat area with a height difference of 350 m. The main part of the population of Montenegro lives in the flat area. Here are the two largest cities of the country - Podgorica and Niksic, as well as the national park "Skadar Lake".
In the north of the country, northeast of the rivers Piva, Komarnica and Moraca, there is a highland region. In the highlands, 4 large mountain ranges can be distinguished: Vizitor, Durmitor and Komovi (they form the Dinaric Highlands) and Prokletie (Cursed Mountains). The height of the peaks reaches more than 2000 m above sea level. The highest point in Montenegro - Mount Bobotov Kuk (2522 m) is located in the Durmitor massif. In the highlands there are pastures and forests, numerous mountain lakes. The rivers Piva, Tara, Moraca and their tributaries carved narrow canyons with steep banks in the rocks. The Tara River Canyon is the largest in Europe and the second in the world, its depth reaches 1300 m. There are also two national parks in this region - "Biogradska Gora" and "Durmitor".
Geographical position countries
Montenegro is a state in southeastern Europe, on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula.
Geographical coordinates: 42 30 N, 19 18 E
The territory of the country has the shape of an irregular trapezoid, with its top facing the sea. The length from north to south and from west to east is about 200 km, the Adriatic coast is about 100 km (not counting the coastline of the winding Bay of Kotor).
It is washed by the Adriatic Sea, has land borders with Croatia in the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina in the northwest, Serbia in the northeast, partially recognized by the Republic of Kosovo in the east and Albania in the southeast.
The territory of the country can be conditionally divided into three parts: the coast of the Adriatic Sea, the relatively flat central part of the country, on which its two largest cities are located: Podgorica and Niksic, and the mountain systems of the east of the country.
The length of the land borders of the state is 614 km: in the west with the Republic of Croatia - 14 km; in the northwest with Bosnia and Herzegovina - 225 km; in the northeast with the Republic of Serbia and Kosovo 203 km; in the southeast with the Republic of Albania - 172 km.
Continental coastline Montenegro has a length of about 300 km. Montenegro has 14 sea islands, the total length of the coastline of which is 15.6 km. In the north-west of the country there is a large bay of Boka Kotorska, which has a water surface area of 87.3 km² and cuts into land for 29.6 km.
The length of the beaches of Montenegro is 73 km. The temperature of sea water for seven months ranges from + 12 to +26 ° C, the transparency of sea water in some places exceeds 35 m.
The relief of the country
The Republic of Montenegro occupies the highest outskirts of the Dinaric Highlands, consisting of separate mountain ranges, ridges and intermountain basins. Here, many peaks rise above 2000 m above sea level; in the south, on the border with Albania, there is the highest point of the country - Mount Dzhyaravitsa (2656 m). The marginal ridges of the highlands have a steep drop towards the Adriatic Sea.
Some of the mountain ranges are a bare karst plateau, while others, and most of them, are covered with dense coniferous forests, which gave some philologists the right to derive the name of the country from the blackness of mountain dark coniferous forests.
Rocky plateaus - a picturesque region of Montenegro, which literally adjoins the coast. Mountain and sea air currents meet here. This region is poorly populated. In the area above Kotor, the rainfall reaches about 4800 mm per year: this is the highest figure in Europe. Here you can observe the strongest showers for many days.
Central Plain. Lake Skadar, the valley of the Zeta River and the plains in the region of the largest cities of Montenegro, Niksic, Danilovgrad and Podgorica. Its average height is 40 m (in the north, the fertile lowlands and river valleys are an ideal place for settlements, so the largest number of the country's population is concentrated here. Three of the most major cities in the country - Niksich and Podgorica and Danilovgrad, as well as the Skadar Lake National Park. Plains do not occupy too large areas. The region of Skadar Lake, the valley of the Zeta River and the Niksic Field are well suited for agriculture. In essence, all the fertile lands of the country are limited to this, therefore Montenegro is by no means an agrarian country. The climate on the plain is very warm, summer is warmer than in the subtropics of Primorye. Warm air masses come from the sea along the valley and reach Podgorica, so this is the warmest city in all of Montenegro.
Highlands. The north of Montenegro is occupied by high mountains. These mountains are rich in pastures, forests and lakes. The rivers Morats, Piva, Tara and their tributaries cut canyons in the rocks - narrow channels with steep banks. There are two national parks in this region - Biogradsky and Durmitor. Highlands occupies the largest area of the country and is its important attraction. There are mountain plateaus surrounded on all sides at an altitude of 1400-1700 meters. They are separated by mountain peaks over 2000 meters high, including the highest mountain Bobotov Kuk located on the Durmitor massif - 2522 meters. Except majestic mountains The area is extremely attractive for its reservoirs. In total, there are 29 alpine lakes of rare beauty in Montenegro. Mountain rivers also flow here, such as Piva, Tara, Moracha, Zeta. These rivers, as well as their tributaries, for millions of years of their existence, have made narrow channels with steep banks in the rocks - canyons, whose beauty and size are unique. The Tara River Canyon is the largest in Europe, its depth reaches 1300 meters. Only the Grand Canyon in Colorado is larger than it. The Tara River, the cleanest European river, which is under the protection of UNESCO, is suitable for active tourism, such as rafting.
Climate of Montenegro
Montenegro has a Mediterranean type of climate, which is characterized by dry and hot summers and cool winters with heavy rainfall. Despite the fact that the territory of the country is small, 4 climatic regions can be distinguished here: the coast, the rocky plateau, the plain and the highlands.
A narrow strip, 2 - 10 km wide along the coast of Montenegro, has the most pronounced features of the Mediterranean climate. The summer there is hot (the average daily temperature in July is 28..30 o C), and there is little precipitation (25 - 50 mm per month). The rainy period lasts from November to January, at this time 170 - 260 mm falls per month, in the north of the coast there is 1.5 times more precipitation than in the south. The average monthly temperature at night in January does not fall below 4..5 o C, and in the daytime 11..13 o C. Negative temperatures are not observed every year. The swimming season lasts 5 months from the end of May to October, the water temperature is 20..25 o C.
A rocky plateau separates the coast from the interior of the country. It receives the most precipitation in Europe, as its southwestern slopes trap the humid air coming from the sea. So, in the village of Krivosie, located above the Bay of Kotor, 480 mm of precipitation per day was noted. In the town of Crkvice, the maximum annual rainfall was 5155 mm, and in the plateau near Mount Lovcen cultural capital Cetinje countries - the maximum average annual (3927 mm / year). As well as on the coast, there is noticeably less precipitation in summer (60 - 80 mm in July), and the rainiest month is November (500 - 700 mm). The height difference between the coast and the plateau is on average 1000 m, and the height of some peaks reaches 1700 m. Therefore, in summer it is cooler here than on the coast, the average daily temperature July changes from 23 to 27 o C depending on the altitude. in winter average temperature at night -3..-5 o C, and in the daytime 5..8 o C. Snow usually falls in December and remains until mid-March.
The plain is protected by a rocky plateau from the direct impact of the Adriatic Sea, so it is hotter here in summer than on the coast (average daily temperature in July is 30..32 o C), and cooler in winter: on average 0..3 o C at night and 9..11 o Happy day. Precipitation falls mainly in autumn and winter. In July, 30-60 mm of precipitation falls, and in November 250-300 mm.
The climate of the highlands has features of subalpine. In winter, the average temperature at night is -6..-9 o C, and in the daytime 0..3 o C, but it decreases with altitude. Snow usually falls at the end of November and remains until the end of March. Precipitation falls evenly throughout the year, with a maximum in November (it can fall from 100 to 300 mm per month, depending on the orientation of the slope). The summer is cool, the average temperature during the day is 19..23 o C (it can be colder in the high mountains!), and at night it is 8..10 o C.
Rivers and lakes
Most long rivers Montenegro: Tara (144 km), Lim (123 km), Ceotina (100 km), Moraca (99 km), Zeta (65 km) and Bojana (30 km). About 52.2% of Montenegrin rivers belong to the Black Sea basin, the remaining 47.8% - to the Adriatic Sea basin. Three Montenegrin rivers (Moracha, Zeta and Piva) flow throughout the territory of Montenegro. The Bojana River was previously the only navigable river in Montenegro; at the moment it is not navigable. Most Montenegrin rivers are mountainous and form deep canyons. The canyon of the Tara River, with a depth of about 1200 m, is the deepest in Europe and the second deepest in the world. The rivers of Montenegro have an energy potential of 115 kW per 1 km² of territory, which is a very high figure. However, for various reasons (including environmental reasons), hydropower is not developed in the country.
The largest lake in Montenegro and the entire Balkan Peninsula is Skadar. The total area of its water surface is 369.7 km². Two thirds of the lake (by area) are located on the territory of Montenegro, one third - on the territory of Albania. 40 mountainous islands rise above the lake surface. The second largest lake in Montenegro is Shasskoye (3.64 km²), located near Ulcinj. Also on the territory of Montenegro there are 29 small mountain lakes of glacial origin (the so-called "mountain eyes"), the total area of which is 3.89 km². They are called "mountain eyes" because the water in them is unusually clean and calm. They not only resemble the eyes of nature in form and purity. In them, as in the eyes lowered by the “eyelashes” of needles, mountain peaks are reflected. The most beautiful of the lakes is Black Lake. Its area is 516,000 sq. meters, it is located at an altitude of 1418 meters above sea level. Its clear water is visible to a depth of 9 meters. Black Lake consists of two lakes - Big and Small. During the flood, the water of a large lake goes underground in the vicinity of Zabljak, having passed a long way in the depths, under the canyon of the Tara River, it comes to the surface and becomes its right tributary. In the same way, the water leaving through the bottom of the Small Lake comes to the surface in the Komarnitsa canyon, and together with it flows into the Piva River. The Tara and Piva rivers merge to form the Drina river. Serpent Lake is located in a dense forest at an altitude of 1,495 meters, and Small Lake is 1,788 meters above sea level. Many legends are associated with each of the lakes, whose names are translated as Fish, Blue, Wavy, Enemy, Green.
Vegetable world
Thanks to mountainous terrain and southern latitudes, the vegetation of this small republic is very diverse. On the territory of Montenegro grows 1.2% of the entire world flora, approximately 3,500 plant species. The country ranks 1st in Europe in terms of the number of plant species per unit area. Basically, these are rare, endemic and relict species, among which there are medicinal, aromatic and honey plants. Most of the territory (about 80%) is occupied by forests in which spruce, fir, beeches, elms, oaks, maples, mountain ash, limes grow. Meadows are also common. On the coast of the Adriatic Sea and the islands - thickets of hard-leaved evergreen shrubs (maquis) and areas of subtropical forests (from holm oak, laurel, myrtle, etc.); large areas are covered with hard grasses.
Due to the fact that the average height of Montenegro above sea level is 1500 m, a lot of light and ultraviolet rays fall on the plants, which is very important for their medicinal properties. Of the climatic factors, a significant amount of precipitation should be noted. Most of them fall in spring and autumn.
Mountain plants are fed with moisture due to night dew. On the other hand, summer dryness also has its effect, because contributes to the formation of a large amount of oily substances. Soil composition also influences the diversity of vegetation.
Animal world
Thanks to the forests in Montenegro, a rich natural fauna has been preserved. IN mountainous areas large animals are found: brown bears, lynxes, wild boars, wolves, deer, fallow deer, chamois, wild goats. There are jackals on the coast, in karst areas - turtles, snakes, lizards. Lizards and snakes live on rocky slopes. The world of birds is also rich, woodpeckers, doves, cuckoos, partridges, and blackbirds live here. Numerous predators (golden eagle, vulture, etc.) are also common. Fish stocks, both marine and freshwater, are also significant. Carp, pike, perch, trout, eel are found in rivers and lakes. In the Adriatic Sea, sardine, mackerel, tuna, palamida, and mullet are of commercial importance.
Montenegro is a country full of contrasts and natural beauties: clean and transparent Adriatic Sea, unique beaches - sandy, pebbly and rocky. Montenegro has the largest number of sunny days per year and a surprisingly small area, only a few kilometers or a few tens of meters. For recreation, you can choose places as remote from settlements, and next to them or at the hotel itself. Beaches are everywhere - in bays, on stone banks, surrounded by olive trees, fields and pine forests. Some of these beaches are open to the wind, sun and waves, some offer views of the open sea.There are skyscraper hotels and bungalow hotels, there are hotels in caves and even ship hotels. But only in Montenegro there is an island hotel! And Montenegro is the only one of the countries of the former Yugoslavia, on the territory of which not a single shot was heard over all these years.
The name of the country was given, it turns out, by the Turks, who for five centuries tried to conquer this wonderful corner of southern Europe, but failed to the end. The mountains in Montenegro are really suitable for holidays in Montenegro almost to the very Adriatic Sea, which explains the wonderful climate on seaside resorts countries. Here the current begins, washing then other countries of the Adriatic, and that is why the cleanest waters near the coast of Montenegro sea water. The nature of Montenegro is so well preserved that it even received the status of "ecological country". The sandy and pebbly beaches of the Adriatic stretch for 73 km, and the Velika Plaža in Ulcinj is as long as 13 km.
On the only fiord in southern Europe - the Bay of Kotor - there is a resort with its own microclimate and therapeutic mud, which helps in the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The city located here with towers and palaces of the 7th - 8th centuries and ancient shipyards reminds of the historical ties between Montenegro and Russia. Peter the Great sent his future navigators to these shipyards for training, and one of the local Montenegrin sailors became a Russian admiral.
Another unique attraction of Montenegro is Skadar Lake, located below sea level and representing a true bird kingdom. Excursions to the canyon of the Tara River with a depth of 1300 meters and to the mountainous region of Lovcen with the mausoleum of Peter Petrovich Negosh, the spiritual leader and ruler of Montenegro, whose poems are known by heart by every Montenegrin, are very interesting. stunning impression on Russian tourists produces the Ostrog Monastery with the relics of St. Basil of Ostrog, and in the wall of the Cetinje Monastery in old capital is the embalmed hand of John the Baptist.
Montenegro is located 3 hours from Moscow by direct flight. resorts of montenegro Just not far from the airport and lies in the sea is the same island hotel where celebrities such as Sophia Loren, Stallone, Claudia Schiffer and our ex-world champion Karpov rest. The vacationer receives the key to his room immediately upon entering the island, where rooms and apartments of the highest "star" provide all imaginable types of services, but most importantly - the possibility of a quiet, secluded holiday surrounded by pristine nature. Not so luxury hotels are located, for example, in the resort, which was awarded the Grand Prix for the most best beaches in Europe. And you can have a royal rest at the resort, which was part of the territory at the palace of the Serbian royal family of Karadjordjevics.
Republic of Montenegro is located on the Balkan Peninsula and is an integral part of the Commonwealth of Serbia and Montenegro. In 1991, Montenegro was proclaimed a country of pure, untouched and protected nature. Local unique nature is under state protection.
Climate
In northern Montenegro - temperate continental, on the Adriatic coast - Mediterranean. IN central regions countries are always somewhat cooler than on the coast, and the influence of subalpine factors is more noticeable. In the coastal region, summer is usually long, hot (+23-25 C) and rather dry, winter is short and cool (+3-7 C). The mountainous regions have moderately warm summers (+19-25 C) and relatively cold (+5 to -10 C), snow-rich winters. Precipitation falls from 500 to 1500 mm per year, mainly in the form of rain; in the mountains near the sea coast, more than 3000 mm falls in places. In the northern regions of Montenegro, snow lies up to 5 months a year.
When is the best time to go to Montenegro
The best time to visit the country is from May to September-October. Tourist season in Montenegro it usually starts in April and lasts until November. The sea temperature for seven months ranges from +20 C to +26 C, so the swimming season is equal in duration to the tourist one.
Montenegro belongs to the Central European time zone
Moscow +2 hours
Saint Petersburg+2 hours
Kyiv +1 hour
Minsk +1 hour
The voltage used is 220 V. An adapter according to the European standard is required.