Pereslavl Zalessky history and architecture. Rest in Pereslavl-Zalessky

The city of Pereslavl-Zalessky has a great attraction as an ancient cultural and architectural monument: it is the same age as Moscow (founded in 1152), and now one of the most interesting centers Yaroslavl region. Not only architectural masterpieces give reason to include it in " Golden ring» old Russian cities. Many events of Russian history took place within the walls and on the ground of this ancient city.

V. Berdnikov

Pereslavl-Zalessky. Just the name of this ancient provincial town both captivating and alluring at the same time. It seems to invite you to a fascinating old Russian fairy tale that lives in the midst of modernity. The history of the Zalessky region originated somewhere far away in the mists of time. Its initial stages are the departure of the last glacier, the appearance of taiga forests and rivers with their various inhabitants, and, as a consequence of the previous one, the arrival of the first people. The largest site of the many ancient settlements in the Neolithic era was located on the eastern shore of the lake at the mouth of the river, later named Trubezh. Today this place is known as Pereslavskaya Rybnaya Sloboda. It represents the oldest part of the city, a corner on the river, beloved by artists, with weeping willows reflected in the water and old wooden huts along the banks. Another independent site of the ancient inhabitants of the region was on the so-called Bolshaya Pesoshnica - on the banks of the same river, approximately where Trubezhnaya Street is now located. This is evidenced by finds, including shards of pottery with ornaments and a large number of animal bones.

From time immemorial, the hilly north-eastern shore of Lake Zalesky, called Kleshchino in ancient times, has also been attractive to people. According to archaeological research, in the 4th century AD, this coast was inhabited by the Finno-Ugric tribes of the Merya. In the 9th-10th centuries, during the influx of population from the south to the north-east of Rus', Slavs from the Novgorod and Dnieper lands came to Zalesye in search of fertile places. On the northeastern shore of the lake, they founded a settlement, giving it the name Kleshchin. Evidence of those times has survived to this day, and it is they that today make up one of the popular tourist routes. This is the north-eastern shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo, beloved by guests of the city and Pereslavl, where the Kleshchinsky complex is located. It includes the remains of an ancient Slavic town, a burial mound, Alexandrova Gora, formerly pagan temple, and the legendary Blue stone, which was once worshiped by Merya and the Slavs.

Information from the annals tells that in 1152, one of the younger sons of Vladimir Monomakh, Yuri Dolgoruky, moved the city "like on Kleshchina Lake" to the intersection of important trade routes near the mouth of the river and "... lay a great city and put up a church of the Holy Savior ...". The settlement that arose, "adopted the glory" of the surrounding cities, was named Pereyaslavl Novy. This is a proud name, according to the historian M.I. Smirnov, sounds like "... fighting and completely akin to the favorite princely and retinue names: Yaroslav, Svyatoslav, Izyaslav ...". The town, which arose in the 12th century in the north of Rus', became the third in a row with a similar name - after Pereyaslavl of Kyiv (993) and Ryazan (1095). And only in the 15th century near Pereyaslavl, located from Kyiv “beyond the Bryn forests”, the more well-known name of the city, Pereslavl-Zalessky, was finally established.

It is a beautiful old City with an unusually interesting, eventful history. His picturesque corners keep the memory of many famous political figures and important historical facts. Particularly striking in the history of Pereslavl was the 13th century, when the city was the capital of a vast specific principality, and at the same time a major cultural and political center of the North-East of Rus'. In those years, independent chronicling was conducted in the city, known today under the name “Chronicler of Pereslavl of Suzdal”. In the same century, namely in May 1220, the famous Russian commander Alexander Yaroslavovich, later nicknamed Nevsky, was born here. At one time, he restored Pereslavl after another devastation by the Tatars and founded a monastery on Alexander Hill. The holy noble prince Alexander Nevsky is especially revered in his homeland, he is one of the seven Pereslavl saints.

Pereslavl is one of the few Russian cities where you can see the earthen fortress of the 12th century that once surrounded the settlement. The monument of early fortification has existed for more than eight and a half centuries and has been perfectly preserved to this day. Today, the ancient ramparts of Pereslavl are an excellent place for walking; a magnificent panorama of the old city opens from here.

Conducted studies of the area showed that the inner area of ​​the city in the first centuries of its existence was about 500 meters wide and 700 meters long. Earthen walls with a circumference of more than 2.5 km once reached an impressive height - up to 16 meters. The Pereslavl fortress was surrounded by rivers - Trubezh, Murmash and an artificial reservoir - a deep ditch with dug pointed stakes along the edges. The crest of the shaft in the old days was crowned with wooden chopped walls with towers. They repeatedly burned during princely civil strife or Tatar raids, but then were restored. However, in the 18th century, the wooden walls were finally dismantled "because of dilapidation and uselessness."

On the Red Square of Pereslavl, in a complex with an ancient bulk shaft, there is a small single-domed stone church - the Transfiguration Cathedral, founded by Yuri Dolgoruky in 1152 for the needs of the princely court and the garrison of the fortress. He is one of the oldest architectural monuments Vladimir-Suzdal school of architecture. The construction of this temple was carried out for five years and was completed, according to many historians, by the son of the founder of the city, Andrei Bogolyubsky. The white-stone Savior, made in the Byzantine style, is a traditional cross-domed four-pillar church for the middle of the 12th century. Its image is simple, and the decoration is stingy, only the drum of the dome and the cornices of the altar apses are decorated with arched belts. Despite the very turbulent course of many centuries, time almost did not leave an imprint on the appearance of the old Pereslavl church. However, now in the ancient walls of the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior there is no former magnificent interior filling, which once impressed the ancestors. Many priceless items of ancient Russian art - church utensils, icons, books - disappeared without a trace during numerous ruins and fires. The original fresco painting of the second half of the 12th century also turned out to be lost. Miraculously, a silver chalice of the 12th century, decorated with ornaments, survived to this day, according to legend, donated to the Pereslavl Cathedral by Yuri Dolgoruky. Today this unique monument of arts and crafts can be seen in the Armory of the Moscow Kremlin. The 14th-century temple icon “Transfiguration” attributed to the workshop of Theophan the Greek has survived to this day. The icon has been in Moscow since the 1920s, being one of the famous exhibits of the Tretyakov Gallery. The marble altar barrier installed in the temple dates back to the 19th century. Previously, the ancient one-domed cathedral was not only the main church of the city, but also the tomb of the Pereslavl specific princes. The son and grandson of Prince Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Alexandrovich and Ivan Dmitrievich, are buried in it. Like his father, Dmitry Alexandrovich, proved to be an outstanding commander of his time. And Ivan Dmitrievich, having no direct heirs, before his death in 1302, bequeathed Pereslavl to a Moscow ally - his uncle Daniil Alexandrovich. This circumstance played an important role in the further formation of Moscow as the capital of Rus'. As a sign of the voluntary accession of Pereslavl, a tradition appeared - to serve smoked Pereslavl herring - vendace, which has been found in Lake Pleshcheyevo since ancient times, on the royal table at the coronation of the heir to the Moscow throne.

During the Muscovite period, Zalesky city was actually the second religious capital of the Russian state. The names of many famous church leaders and saints are associated with Pereslavl, including Sergius of Radonezh, Dmitry Prilutsky, Metropolitans Pimen, Athanasius, Peter and others.

Pereslavl is closely intertwined with the fate of the wife of Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy Evdokia, who escaped with a baby in the city of Zalessky from the persecution of Khan Tokhtamysh. Later, with her donations, the Goritsky Monastery, burnt by the Tatars, was restored and a new wooden church of St. John the Theologian was built on the banks of the Trubezh River.

Vasily III and Ivan the Terrible visited Pereslavl many times, making rich contributions to the Nikitsky, Trinity Danilov and Goritsky monasteries. Under Ivan IV Alexandrov, the settlement of the Pereslavl district became the center of the oprichnina, in which Pereslavl residents Malyuta Skuratov, Alexei and Fyodor Basmanov played a prominent role.

The surviving documents clearly show that many merchants and artisans lived in Pereslavl in the 16th century. Among the latter were shoemakers, spoon-makers, nail-makers. A special place was occupied by fishermen and falconers who served the princely court and were exempted from the usual city duties.

The energetic “king-carpenter, king-worker” Peter I also left his bright mark in the history of the city, having built a funny fleet on the shores of Lake Pleshcheyevo at the end of the 17th century, which laid the foundations of Russian shipbuilding. The historical museum-estate with the affectionate name "Boat of Peter the Great", where Peter's business yard was once located, today is of great interest among Russians and foreign guests who want to see the cradle with their own eyes Russian fleet- an oval Pereslavl lake - and Peter's boat "Fortuna", which is stored in a museum on Mount Gremyach.

A popular attraction of Pereslavl today is the largest provincial historical, architectural and art museum-reserve in Russia, located within the walls of the former Goritsky Monastery. For almost fifty years, starting in 1744, this ancient monastery was the center of a vast diocese, including Mozhaisk, Dmitrov, Volokolamsk, Ruza and other ancient Russian cities. Today, many unique monuments of antiquity and art are stored in Goritsy, including church utensils, paintings, furniture, household items, etc.

During the existence of the Pereslavl diocese, more than six thousand inhabitants lived in the city. But after the plague of 1771, this number remained

only half of the citizens. The basis of the settlement was the merchants, who, according to the data of 1776, owned 61 shops and 6 taverns, where there was a brisk trade in goods typical of that time: clothes, cloth, “trifles for the townsfolk and the peasantry”, as well as food products - “living creatures and indigenous fish”, nuts, gingerbread, sugar, flour, apples and grape drinks.

Remaining a major spiritual center of Russia with many churches, the famous Pereslavl-Zalessky from the 18th century "quietly rested on the laurels of its past." At first it was the center of the province of the Moscow province, and since 1778 it was the county town of the Vladimir province. However, even then Pereslavl was considered one of the first in trade and industry among the same county towns. central Russia. In the second half of the 19th century, there were six linen factories, a carriage and sausage establishment, thirteen factories, including fur, tobacco and candle factories. The largest in the city was the Borisov paper-spinning factory, which employed more than two thousand people.

But gradually the economy of the Zalessky city declined, and Pereslavl turned from a once developed settlement into a quiet one. county town OK. The reason for this, many tend to consider the absence in the city railway. It passed only 18 versts from Pereslavl, as a result of which it was deprived of opportunities for economic growth for many years.

Today, Pereslavl-Zalessky is part of the famous Golden Ring of Russia tour route and, despite the fact that many city churches were lost during the Soviet years, Pereslavl is still one of the centers of Russian Orthodoxy.

Pereslavl is currently district center Yaroslavl region with a population of about 42 thousand people. This is a cozy, clean and attractive Russian corner for tourists with beautiful scenery, ancient Orthodox shrines and old houses along the central streets. Not once from the local nature and rich history people of art were fruitfully inspired. The Pereslavl land was captured in their works by the writers N.A. Ostrovsky and M.M. Prishvin, artist K. Korovin, D. N. Kardovsky and many others.

The famous Zalessky region is a protected area. Its lake Pleshcheyevo today has dimensions of more than 6.5 km x 9.5 km and is one of the largest lakes in the Upper Volga region, as well as the center of the National Park of the same name.

On the outskirts of the city, Pereslavl people bake delicious bread and make cheese, produce photographic paper and various packaging. Graduates of local schools have the opportunity, without leaving the city, to continue their education at the Film and Photo Technical College, which was named after "Alexander Nevsky" or the University of Pereslavl with the main areas of "applied mathematics" and "computer science".

Local residents, accustomed to the measured rhythm of life, in their free time like to relax in the bosom of nature, enjoying the coolness of the lake or river, skiing and sledding from steep snow-covered hills in winter.

Very often on weekends, the picturesque Pereslavl region is filled with vacationers from near and far cities, many of whom are not the first time in Zalessky. Most of the visitors tend to first of all visit Orthodox monasteries in one or all four - and visit the local holy springs.

Guests of Pereslavl are always looking forward to comfortable hotels, restaurants with original cuisine and numerous museums with a variety of collections of irons, kettles, locomotives and peasant utensils.

But especially Pereslavl residents and guests of the city love the traditional ones - Christmas at the museum, City Day, Shrovetide, Youth Day, the Balloon Festival and Navy Day. Holidays are always perfectly organized - with a unique zest and love for the native land.

Once having arrived in Zalesye, you will not be able to remain indifferent to this wonderful land. Small ancient city Pereslavl-Zalessky will definitely leave pleasant memories of itself, making you come back here again and again.

City, r.c., Yaroslavl region It was first mentioned in chronicles under 1152. like mountains. Pereslavl, founded by the book. Yuri Dolgoruky. Oikonym moved from the Kyiv land, where mountains. Pereyaslavl is already mentioned under 907. From the 15th century. to be different from others... Geographic Encyclopedia

Pereslavl-Zalessky- Pereslavl Zalessky. View of a part of the city. PERESLAVL ZALESSKY (before the 15th century Pereyaslavl), a city in the Yaroslavl region, in Russia, on the shores of Lake Pleshcheyevo, at the mouth of the Trubezh River. 43.4 thousand inhabitants. Railroad station. Manufacture of magnetic tape, ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

PERESLAVL-ZALESSKY- (until the 15th century Pereyaslavl), a city in the Yaroslavl region, on the shore of the lake. Pleshcheevo, at the mouth of the river. Trubezh, 21 km from the railway station. d. st. Berendeevo. 45.2 thousand inhabitants (1998). PA Slavich (production of magnetic tape, photographic paper, etc.); light, food industry. ... ... Russian history

Pereslavl-Zalessky- (until the 15th century Pereyaslavl), a city in the Yaroslavl region of the RSFSR, on the shores of Lake Pleshcheyevo. Founded in 1152 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky as one of the fortified points that covered the Rostov-Suzdal land. Remains of urban earthworks have been preserved ... ... Art Encyclopedia

Pereslavl-Zalessky- Pereslavl Zalessky. Pereslavl Zalessky, a city in the Yaroslavl region, the center of the Pereslavl district, 124 km to southwest from Yaroslavl. It is located in the northeastern part of the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge, on the southeastern shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo, at ... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

PERESLAVL-ZALESSKY- (until the 15th century Pereyaslavl) a city in Russian Federation, Yaroslavl region, on the shore of the lake. Pleshcheyevo, at the mouth of the river. Trubezh. Railroad station. 43.5 thousand inhabitants (1993). Slavich Production Association (production of magnetic tape, photographic paper and ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Pereslavl-Zalessky- n., number of synonyms: 1 city (2765) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

Pereslavl Zalessky- The city of Pereslavl Zalessky Flag Coat of arms ... Wikipedia

Pereslavl-Zalessky- (until the 15th century Pereyaslavl) a city of regional subordination, the center of the Pereslavl district of the Yaroslavl region of the RSFSR. Located on the southeastern shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo, at the confluence of the river. Trubezh. Connected on a branch line with the Berendeevo station (on ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

PERESLAVL-ZALESSKY- (until the 15th century Pereyaslavl) city, r. c, Pereslavsky district in the Yaroslavl region. RSFSR. Located on the east. shore of the lake Pleshcheevo, at the confluence of the river. Trubezh, 21 km from the railway station. d. st. Berendeyevo. As of 1 Jan. 1964 27 vol. (1897 ca. 9.5 vol.). Main in 1152 books. ... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia

Books

• Pereslavl-Zalessky, Novikov Rostislav, Cherkasova Ariadna. Pereslavl-Zalessky - one of the oldest Russian cities - is located one hundred and forty kilometers from Moscow, on the picturesque shores of Lake Pleshcheyevo. It is included in the Golden Ring of Russia and is famous for not ... Buy for 4143 UAH (Ukraine only)
• Pereslavl-Zalessky, Novikov R., Cherkasova A. Pereslavl-Zalessky - one of the oldest Russian cities - is located one hundred and forty kilometers from Moscow, on the picturesque shores of Lake Pleshcheyevo. It is included in the Golden Ring of Russia and is famous for…

Located on the Trubezh River and Lake Pleshcheyevo, 117 kilometers from regional center, 140 kilometers from the capital of Russia. The area of ​​the settlement is 23 square kilometers.

According to historical data, the city appeared in 1152 thanks to Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, who wanted to make the North-Eastern capital of Pereslavl-Zalessky.

At the end of the 13th century, the settlement became the actual capital of North-Eastern Rus'. Also at this time, Pereslavl was plundered several times by the Horde invaders.

In 1374, a meeting of boyars and princes was organized in the city, at which the question of the liberation of Rus' from the Tatar-Mongol yoke was first raised.

In 1688, on the city lake, by decree of Peter, the construction of a flotilla began, and four years later, a parade was organized in honor of the completion of construction.

In 1884 in locality Pereslavl water pipeline was built. In 1936, the city became part of the Yaroslavl region. In Pereslavl, Moscow time is msk.

The telephone code of Pereslavl-Zalessky is 48535. The postal code is 152024.

Industrial enterprises: bakery, production of plastic tableware, workshop of the Kodak company, production of building materials, tobacco production, food production.

The city is part of tourist route"Gold ring".

Climate and weather

Pereslavl-Zalessky has a temperate continental climate.

Winters are moderately cold and long. Summer is warm and short.

The warmest month is July - average temperature 18.2 degrees, the coldest month is February - the average temperature is -8.3 degrees.

The average annual rainfall is 635 mm.

Weather in Pereslavl-Zalessky

The population of the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky for 2019-2020

Population data obtained from the State Statistics Service. Graph of population change over the past 10 years.

The total number of residents in 2018 was 38.6 thousand people.

The data from the graph shows a steady decline in the population from 42,700 people in 2006 to 38,649 people in 2018.

As of January 2019, in terms of the number of inhabitants, Pereslavl-Zalessky ranked 402 out of 1117 cities of the Russian Federation.

Attractions Pereslavl-Zalessky

1.Lake Pleshcheyevo- a natural landmark of the south-west of the Yaroslavl region. Overall dimensions of the reservoir: length up to 9 kilometers, width up to 6 kilometers, depth up to 25 meters. A pumping station is installed near the lake, which supplies the city with water.

2.blue stone- historical natural object, which is located on the shores of Lake Pleshcheyevo and has been here since the time of pagan Rus'. The stone got its name for its ability to change its color depending on the weather. Overall dimensions of the stone: length - 3 meters, width - 2.6 meters, weight 12 tons.

3.Monument to Yuri Dolgoruky- a monument in the form bronze bust established in honor of the founder of Pereslavl-Zalessky. On this moment the monument is located on the territory of the Goritsky monastery.

Transport

In the city is railroad station Pereslavl, which connects the city with Rostov, Yaroslavl, Moscow, Aleksandrov.

Public transport consists of buses and fixed-route taxis.

From the bus station of the city there are bus services to

The cathedral was founded in 1152 by the founder of the city, Yuri Dolgoruky, and is one of the main attractions not only of Pereslavl, but of the entire North-Eastern Rus'. This is one of the oldest architectural monuments of the pre-Mongolian period - in comparison with the elegant temples of Western Europe, the cathedral is very ascetic and resembles a stern warrior who defended his native land.

From the once rich interior of the temple, during numerous fires and devastation, very little survived - fortunately, the most valuable temple icon "Transfiguration" of the XIV century, presumably the work of Theophanes the Greek, has survived to this day. Since 1920, the icon has been located in, and its lithographic copy has been exhibited in the cathedral.

Address: Pereslavl-Zalessky, Red Square, 1a. GPS coordinates: 56.73671, 38.85218.

2. Earthen rampart of Pereslavl

The shaft is the few that remain of the fortifications of the ancient city - eight centuries ago, the height of the shaft reached 16 meters (by now it has sunk heavily, but even now the height is 10-12 meters). Judging by the diameter (as far as this word is applicable to the “oval” figure), the early Pereslavl-Zalessky was very small - only 500 by 700 meters. Aspen and oak log cabins were located at the base of the ring of fortifications, and wooden fortress walls with watchtowers stretched along the top.

Coordinates: 56.73718, 38.85213.

3. Monument to Alexander Nevsky

Pereslavl-Zalessky is the birthplace of the Grand Duke - it was from here that he left to reign in Novgorod, and returned here when the “democrats” of Novgorod called for another prince. In short, it was Alexander who preserved Orthodoxy in Rus'. After the ruin of the country by the Tatars and turning it into a province of the Horde, the pope offered his prince of Novgorod his military aid in the fight against the Horde, but in return Orthodoxy was to be replaced by Catholicism with the recognition of the supremacy of Rome. Prince Alexander turned out to be the only ruler not only of Rus', but of all of Europe, who refused such a tempting offer.

Instead, he chose the path of temporarily submitting to the Horde (and for this purpose he traveled to the distant Khan's capital of Karakorum), and direct all remaining forces against the expansion of the Latins. The motive was simple: for all the horrors of their raids, the Tatars were not interested in the religion of the conquered peoples and they did not lay claim to their souls. The Catholic knights, with external "civilization", first of all sought to change the attitude of the people, to turn their souls inside out. According to many historians, it was the choice of Alexander and his preservation of Orthodoxy as the spiritual core of the nation that predetermined the future fate of Russia as a great empire.

Coordinates: 56.73636, 38.85261.

Excursions around Pereslavl-Zalessky from local residents

For inquisitive and sociable travelers who want to fully experience the unique atmosphere of ancient Pereslavl and see it from a new and often unexpected angle, I recommend ordering an author's tour of the city from local residents. Pereslavl residents themselves will be your guides: artists, photographers, journalists who are in love with their city and know almost everything about it.

At the booking stage, you need to pay online only 20% of the cost of the tour - the rest is given to the guide before it starts.

4. Church of Alexander Nevsky and Vladimirsky Cathedral

These two churches were built in the 1740s with the money of the Pereslavl manufacturer F.Ugryumov and until the second half of the 18th century they were part of the Mother of God-Sretensky Novodevichy Monastery - then they were surrounded by a wall, and in the neighborhood stood the monastery bell tower in the form of a round tower. The bell tower and the wall were dismantled in the 30s of the last century in connection with the construction of the road, and after the revolution the churches themselves began to be used as bakery workshops.

Church of Alexander Nevsky

Address: Pereslavl-Zalessky, Sovetskaya, 12. Coordinates: 56.73559, 38.85264.

5. Church of Peter the Metropolitan

According to legend, the first wooden church appeared on this site as early as the 14th century - it was built on the site of the trial of Metropolitan Peter, whom the prince of Tver accused of selling church positions, but the metropolitan was acquitted at the Pereslavl Cathedral. The stone church was built at the behest of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, who considered Metropolitan Peter his spiritual patron. The church is a hipped temple, rather atypical for North-Eastern Rus'.

Address: Pereslavl-Zalessky, Sadovaya street, 5. Coordinates: 56.7355, 38.85159.

6. Iron Museum

A private collection that presents all possible irons of the "pre-electric" era. There are even "predecessors" of the iron - a rolling pin and a rubel. Here you can learn about the principles of operation of irons from different eras, see a collection of metal irons different countries(there are exhibits from Germany, Poland, etc.), get acquainted with the Russian peasant life. The museum is located in an old merchant's mansion - the first floor is stone, there is a souvenir shop, the second is wooden - the museum's collection is located here.

Address: Pereslavl-Zalessky, Sovetskaya, 11 (two steps from Red Square). Coordinates: 56.7346, 38.85247.

7. Museum of cunning and ingenuity

The exposition of the museum is a collection of funny and very useful household items invented in past centuries by savvy peasants and townspeople: prototypes of modern juicers, musical bottles, pest traps, special cups for mustachioed men, unusual devices for cracking nuts, and much more. If desired, the functionality of some museum exhibits can be checked in person.

Address: Pereslavl-Zalessky, Sovetskaya, 14b. Coordinates: 56.73453, 38.851.

8. St. Nicholas Monastery

This convent is one of the main attractions of Pereslavl-Zalessky, and its golden domes are one of the architectural dominants of the city. According to legend, the monastery in the name of St. Nicholas was founded in a swamp near the walls of ancient Pereslavl by the son of a merchant, and now one of the most revered saints, Dmitry Prilutsky, a disciple of Sergius of Radonezh. The monastery was repeatedly ruined during enemy raids, but it suffered the most during the years of Soviet power, when its main cathedral and bell tower were blown up. In 1994, two nuns breathed life into the ruined and actually abandoned monastery. Since then, many buildings of the monastery have been restored, and the number of its inhabitants has increased significantly.

The main shrine of the St. Nicholas Monastery is the ancient Korsun Cross, located in the main cathedral. Korsun is the ancient Russian name for the Crimea, where Prince Vladimir converted to Orthodoxy, and the most ancient and revered relics were called Korsun in Rus'. The legend connects the equal-ended form of the Korsun cross with the miraculous sign of the cross shining in the sky with the inscription “Conquer this!”, revealed to the Byzantine emperor Constantine in 312.

According to researchers, this cross was transferred from Korsun to Kyiv under Prince Vladimir, and in the 11th century it ended up in the Vladimir-Suzdal lands. Under Dmitry Donskoy and Ivan the Terrible, the cross was decorated with gems, and since the 17th century it has been in the Pereslavl Nikolsky Monastery (in Soviet times, the cross was transferred to the local museum, but returned back in the 1990s).

Address: Pereslavl-Zalessky, Museum Lane, 4. Coordinates: 56.73158, 38.83743.

9. Temple of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste

This picturesque church on the shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo was built in 1755 and consecrated in honor of the martyrs of Sevastia - 40 soldiers of the XII "Lightning" legion of the Roman Empire, who, during the time of persecution of Christians, were convicted of adhering to a forbidden faith and for this they were left to die of hunger and cold on the ice of a frozen lake.

The church is located in one of the most beautiful places Pereslavl - on the outskirts of the old Rybatskaya settlement, where the Trubezh River flows into Lake Pleshcheyevo. best view the church opens from the opposite bank of the Trubezh, from Pravaya Naberezhnaya Street.

Address: Pereslavl-Zalessky, Left Embankment street, 165. Coordinates: 56.7353, 38.82869.

10. Lake Pleshcheyevo

This unique lake, which has an almost regular oval shape, is one of the main attractions of Pereslavl. Looking at its mirror-smooth surface, it is very difficult to get rid of the feeling that it is alive and, in turn, is watching you. I saw many different lakes - in Guatemala, in, in, in, and God knows where else - but I had such a strange and almost mystical feeling only on the shores of Lake Pleshcheyevo.

Coordinates: 56.74031, 38.83602.

11. Assumption Goritsky Monastery (Pereslavl Museum-Reserve)

A legend is connected with the Goritsky Monastery: two years after the defeat in the Battle of Kulikovo, the Tatars, led by Khan Tokhtamysh, again invaded Rus' and subjected it to a thorough ruin. Shortly before the invasion, Grand Duchess Evdokia, the wife of Dmitry Donskoy, came here, to the Goritsky Monastery, on a pilgrimage. The princess was saved by a miracle - the monks and retinue put her on a raft and he disappeared behind a thick fog in the middle of the saving Lake Pleshcheyevo. In memory of your miraculous rescue Evdokia, at her own expense, 10 years later restored the Goritsky monastery destroyed by the Tatars. Since then, there has been such a tradition in Pereslavl-Zalessky: on the sixth Sunday after Easter, a religious procession on boats is arranged from the Goritsky monastery to the middle of the lake.

The Goritsky Monastery was closed in the middle of the 18th century; at present, its buildings house the Pereslavl State Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve, the largest provincial state museum Russia. The basis of the museum collection is made up of objects of religious and secular art, taken from the monasteries and manor estates of the Pereslavl land.

Address: Pereslavl-Zalessky, Museum lane, 4. Coordinates: 56.72095, 38.82389.

12. Museum of Alexander Nevsky

This museum, which opened only in 2012, is dedicated to the most famous native of Pereslavl-Zalessky - the holy prince Alexander Nevsky. The museum collection consists of relics that are directly or indirectly related to the Grand Duke: a model of Pereslavl of the 12th century (when Alexander lived in it), icons depicting the canonized prince, orders and medals named after Alexander Nevsky. The “Three Warriors” group, depicting a Russian knight, a Tatar-Mongol and a Teutonic knight, stands out in particular.

Address: Pereslavl-Zalessky, per. Museum, 9. Coordinates: 56.72033, 38.8256.

13. Pereslavl Dendrological Garden named after. S.F.Kharitonova

This attraction of Pereslavl was founded in 1962, and in 1998 the garden was included in the Lake Pleshcheyevo National Park. The territory of the garden is divided into eight zones - Siberia, Far East, Caucasus, Crimea, Western Europe, Central Asia, China, Japan - where many plants characteristic of them are planted: relic liana, Korean cedar, Japanese cherry, cork tree and many others. For the convenience of visitors, alleys are laid in the garden, and picturesque bridges are thrown over artificial reservoirs.

Address: Pereslavl-Zalessky, Zhuravleva street, 1b. Coordinates: 56.71825, 38.82901.

14. Holy Trinity Danilov Monastery

current monastery founded in 1508. The founder and first rector was Elder Daniel, known as the godfather of Ivan the Terrible. The main temple of the monastery - the Trinity Cathedral - was erected in 1530, during the life of St. Daniel and is the second oldest building in Pereslavl after the Transfiguration Cathedral. Trinity Cathedral was built at the behest of Tsar Vasily III in honor of the birth of the heir - the future Ivan the Terrible.

Address: Pereslavl-Zalessky, Lugovaya street, 7. Coordinates: 56.72018, 38.83837.

15. Feodorovsky Convent

This active monastery was founded on the site of the battle between Muscovites and the army of Mikhail of Tver, who also claimed dominance over North-Eastern Russia. The oldest five-domed temple of the monastery - the Feodorovsky Cathedral - was built by Ivan the Terrible in honor of the birth of his son Fyodor. Under Peter I, the monastery turned, in fact, into a women's prison - in this capacity, the monastery reached the beginning of the 20th century.

Address: Pereslavl-Zalessky, Moskovskaya street, 85. Coordinates: 56.71275, 38.81821.

16. Complex "Russian Park"

This attraction appeared on the map of Pereslavl relatively recently, in 2014. "Russian Park" is a historical and cultural center and a popular tourist complex, which is a Russian village with carved wooden towers and traditional huts, where the atmosphere typical of the 19th century is carefully recreated. In the "Russian Park" there is a tavern where you can taste traditional Russian cuisine, and several museums that tell about the great achievements and discoveries of Russian inventors and scientists, about Russian architecture, everyday culture, and folk art.

The territory near the "Russian Park" is very large and interesting, it is advisable to allocate at least half a day for its thoughtful inspection. There are many different expositions here (a tea museum, an exhibition of a popular print and a spinning wheel, a Ural hut, a museum of proverbs and sayings, etc.), and all of them can be viewed with one ticket purchased at the entrance (300 rubles for an adult and 150 rubles for a child) - and the organizers adequately assess the ability of tourists to absorb new knowledge and impressions: the ticket is valid throughout the day, you can take a short walk around the museum, then go to Pereslavl rest, and then return and continue the inspection.

Address: Pereslavl-Zalessky, st. Moscow, 158. Coordinates: 56.71041, 38.80356.

17. Museum complex "Boat of Peter I"

A sacred place for all lovers maritime history Russia: it was here, on Lake Pleshcheyevo, that the Russian navy was born (“the Moscow Sea” then, of course, did not exist and the expanses of Lake Pleshcheyevo - 6 by 9 km - seemed to young Peter sufficient for building the first “amusing” fleet). Now Lake Pleshcheyevo is considered its cradle, and on the territory museum complex the "embryo" is kept - the famous large wooden boat of Tsar Peter, which for some reason everyone calls the "boat". It was from this small boat that the fleet then grew, with which all the great maritime powers had to reckon.

Granite monument with a double-headed eagle:

It is engraved with a quote from Peter's decree to the "voivodes of Pereslavl" with the highest command "take care of ships, yachts and galleys." It did not help - after 90 years, the "amusing" fleet burned down. True, by that time the Russian Empire had acquired a fleet that was far from amusing - the Swedes and Turks experienced this on their own skins.

The same boat "Fortuna":

The boat, designed for 10 rowers and 10 passengers and intended for the transport of passengers and cargo to warships, occupies almost the entire space of the small hangar built for it.

Address: Pereslavsky district, Veskovo village. Coordinates: 56.7246, 38.77129.

18. Museum of Gramophones and Records

The Museum of Gramophones and Records is a private small museum dedicated to music and early devices for its reproduction: gramophones, phonographs, electrophones, radiograms, phonolas and gramophone records. In the museum you can get acquainted with their history, find out how the device itself works and sound is born.

Address: Pereslavsky district, with. Veskovo, st. Peter I, 77 (across the street from the Museum "Boat of Peter I"). Coordinates: 56.72494, 38.77592.

19. Museum of teapots

The exposition of the museum is located in a simple village hut, in the upper room of which there are many different teapots, samovars and other items related to the Russian tradition of tea drinking. The basis of the collection are teapots - porcelain, copper, cupronickel - of various shapes and sizes, made in the late XIX - early XX century.

Address: Pereslavl district, Veskovo village, Peter the Great street, 17. Coordinates: 56.74851, 38.86082.

20. "House of Berendey"

In the folklore of North-Eastern Rus' there are many ancient legends about Berendey - usually, according to the plot, the main character meets a certain fairy tale character(sorcerer, sea or forest king), drags him to the bottom of a lake or sea and promises to let him go only if the main character gives him something that he himself does not yet know.

Pereslavl "Berendey House" is a center for the preservation and development of folk traditions, where folklore holidays, meetings of craftsmen and craftsmen are often held. All decorative elements here are made by hand, according to ancient technologies. Berendey's House combines a museum exposition, a playground, a souvenir shop and a very nice cafe.

The theatrical tour tells about the traditional Russian life, traditions and customs - you can visit the chamber of Tsar Berendey and hear from him a story about the ancient Berendeys who have long lived in the Pereslavl land.

Address: Pereslavl-Zalessky, Uritsky street, 38. Coordinates: 56.74873, 38.86114.

21. Nikitsky Monastery

The monastery, like many other monasteries of North-Eastern Rus', looks more like a fortress than a holy monastery. There were good reasons for this - and the fortress walls saved the inhabitants more than once. The monastery was founded by Prince Boris, the son of Prince Vladimir, the Baptist of Rus', in honor of the Holy Great Martyr Nikita, whom Boris especially revered.

According to legend, Nikita was a tax collector under Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Regularly doing his job, he oppressed people until, while cooking meat, his wife saw bloody foam and pieces of the human body instead of an appetizing brew in the cauldron. Shocked by this event, Nikita appeared to the abbot of the monastery with a request to accept him into the monastery so that he could atone for his sins. He was accepted, but only after an ordeal: he had to give himself up to be tormented by mosquitoes and midges in the swamp closest to the monastery. Having already become a monk, Nikita continued to exhaust himself by wearing iron chains and a stone cap. These chains destroyed him: the robbers mistook iron for silver and killed the ascetic; now those chains are kept in the Nikitsky monastery.

Address: Pereslavl-Zalessky, Nikitskaya Sloboda, st. Zaprudnaya, 20. Coordinates: 56.76164, 38.85928.

22. Aleksandrova Gora

Alexandrova Gora (Lysaya Gora, Yarilina bald patch) rises on the eastern shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo and is part of the Kleshchi archaeological complex (named after the city of Kleshchin, the predecessor of Pereslavl-Zalessky). The height of the mountain (or, rather, hill) above the lake level is 30 meters, its entire top is covered with trenches and pits - these are traces archaeological sites. According to archaeologists, once on the shore of the lake there was an ancient settlement of the Merya tribe, and on Alexander Hill was its Kremlin-detinets.

Address: Pereslavl-Zalessky, northeastern shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo. Coordinates: 56.78194, 38.83173.

23. Blue stone

2. Hotel La Confiture***

New comfortable hotel, perfect cleanliness, delicious cuisine. The location is especially convenient for those traveling by car - on the Kholmogory bypass road, 5 minutes from the city center.

3. Hotel "Western"

Great location - in quiet place on the banks of the Trubezh River, some rooms offer views of the Transfiguration Cathedral. Spacious warm rooms home atmosphere, low (for this level of comfort) prices. Delicious breakfasts in the hotel restaurant - in addition, there are many cafes and restaurants within walking distance.

4. Guest house "Sokolsky"

Cozy guest house with good location- near the Dendrological Garden and the Goritsky Monastery. Large beautiful area, there is a nice veranda. The guesthouse has only 3 rooms, so the atmosphere is calm and homely. Comfortable and well-equipped rooms - for example, the bathroom has underfloor heating (this is extremely rare in hotels of this price level).

5. Fisch Herberg - Herring Royal Ambassador

A legendary themed hotel — its eye-catching facade draws the attention of everyone who passes through Pereslavl by car. Perfect location (in the heart of the city), excellent restaurant, impeccable cleanliness.

Cities of the Golden Ring of Russia:

Pereslavl-Zalessky is a city in the Yaroslavl region, located 140 kilometers from Moscow, on the M8 Kholmogory highway Moscow - Arkhangelsk, on the shores of Lake Pleshcheyevo, at the confluence of the Trubezh River. Center national park Pleshcheyevo Lake. The kilometer sign "140 km" is located in the city center at the turn from Svoboda Street to Rostovskaya Street. Terminal railway station on the freight line from Berendeevo (Moscow-Yaroslavl line).

The city is part of the Golden Ring of Russia.

Story

The city was founded in 1152 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky as Pereyaslavl.

The name was given in honor of the more ancient city - Pereyaslavl-Russian (today's Pereyaslavl-Khmelnitsky in Ukraine). In turn, the latter was founded and named so by Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich.

Founded by Yuri Dolgoruky, the city was located behind the forests in Zalesye - an area of ​​\u200b\u200bfields and agriculture; therefore, an additional definition was added to the name of the city: Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. Since the 15th century, the pronunciation has changed to Pereslavl-Zalessky.

Around 1220, Prince Alexander Nevsky was born in Pereyaslavl.

In the years 1276-1294 (with a break), Dmitry Alexandrovich Pereyaslavsky, the son of Alexander Nevsky, who reigned in Pereyaslavl, was the Grand Duke of Vladimir, although his residence was still in Pereyaslavl. Thus, at this time, Pereyaslavl-Zalessky was the actual capital of northeastern Rus'. In 1302, after the death of Prince Ivan Dmitrievich, the city, according to his will, went to the Moscow principality. Grand Duke Andrei Alexandrovich tried to annex Pereyaslavl to his possessions, but the letter of the Horde Khan in 1303 confirmed the rights of the Moscow princes. In 1304, near Pereyaslavl, the united Moscow-Pereyaslav army completely defeated the Tver detachment that besieged the city under the command of the boyar Akinf.

In 1238 (after a five-day siege), 1252, 1281, 1282, 1294 (the city was burned down by Yaroslavl Prince Fyodor Cherny), 1382, 1408 and 1419 the city was taken and plundered by the Horde. In 1372, the city settlement was burned down by the raid of Prince Keistut. Starting from 1302, it was ruled by Moscow governors, and sometimes it was given out for feeding to alien princes. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Pereyaslavl was the patrimony of the princes of Moscow and was obliged to deliver fish to the court, which was reflected in the coat of arms of the city. This fish - Pereslavl vendace - is a delicacy subspecies with a special taste that lives only in Lake Pleshcheyevo, is currently listed in the Red Books of Russia and the Yaroslavl region.

In the autumn of 1374, the Moscow prince Dmitry Ivanovich organized a meeting of Russian princes and boyars in Pereyaslavl, at which for the first time they discussed the issue of delivering the country from the Mongol-Tatar yoke.

In 1608 the fortress was destroyed by the Polish-Lithuanian invaders. The city suffered greatly during the Time of Troubles.

In 1688, Tsar Peter I on Lake Pleshcheyevo began the construction of a funny flotilla, which was the beginning of the Russian military fleet. In 1692, the construction of the flotilla was completed and a solemn review was held.

In 1708 the city was assigned to the Moscow province. Since 1719 - the center of the Pereslavl province of the Moscow province. Since 1778 - the county town of the Vladimir governorship, and then the province. Since 1929 - the center of the Pereslavl district of the Ivanovo industrial region. Since 1936, as part of the Yaroslavl region.

In 1884, a water pipe was built in the city.

From 1872 to 1917 the City Duma was in charge of the city. In 1994 it was recreated.

Attractions

Monuments of church architecture: five architectural complexes monasteries and nine churches (See the Religion section for more details).

On the territory of the Goritsky Assumption Monastery of Pereslavl-Zalessky, located at the entrance to the city from Moscow, there is a bust of the founder of the city, Yuri Dolgoruky, by Sergei Orlov (1949). The bust was cast in bronze by G. Savinsky in 1950. The bust, in fact, is a sketch of the monument to Yuri Dolgoruky in Moscow, whose design competition Sergei Orlov won in 1946.

In the center of Pereslavl, the city rampart surrounding historical Center cities. Rybnaya Sloboda stretches along the Trubezh River.

Museums and exhibitions:

• Pereslavl-Zalessky Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve
• Museum-estate "Boat of Peter I" (since 1803, the first provincial museum in Russia), where the boat "Fortune" has been preserved
• Pereslavl Dendrological Garden
• iron museum
• Museum "House of the teapot"
• Steam Locomotive Museum
• Museum of cunning and ingenuity
• Teapot Museum
• Craft Museum
• Center for the Preservation and Development of Folk Traditions "Berendey's House"

2 km northwest of the city is the archaeological site "Kleshchinskiy complex", the center of the complex is the ancient city of Kleshchin, from which ramparts of the 12th century have been preserved. The object of worship of the pagans has been preserved - the Blue Stone, a huge boulder of dark blue color weighing 12 tons. A few kilometers from Pereslavl-Zalessky, in the village of Talitsy, there is the Pereslavl Railway Museum.

There are six monasteries in the city, four are active:

• Goritsky Monastery (closed in 1744, museum)
• Nikitsky monastery
• Nikolsky Monastery
• Sretensky Novodevichy Convent (closed in 1764)
• Holy Trinity Danilov Monastery
• Feodorovsky Monastery

IN XVIII-XIX centuries was the center of the Pereslavl diocese. Later, the Pereslavl Theological School worked in the city.

There are nine churches in the city, of which the notable ones are:

• Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral of the 12th century, the oldest architectural monument of North-Eastern Rus';
• tent church of Peter the Metropolitan (1585).