The fabulous nature of Switzerland. The most beautiful places: photo and description

— Mountain country located in the southern part of Central Europe, in the heart of the Alps. It borders with Germany, France, Italy, Austria, Liechtenstein.

The name comes from the name of the canton of Schwyz, derived from the ancient German "burn".

Official name: Swiss Confederation

Capital: Berne

The area of the land: 41.3 thousand sq. km

Total population: 8.6 million people

Administrative division: Switzerland is a federation of 23 cantons (3 of them are divided into half-cantons).

Form of government: Federal parliamentary republic. Each canton has its own constitution, parliament and government.

Head of State: The president is elected by parliament for a year from among the members of the government.

Composition of the population: 65% German, 18% French, 10% Italian and 1% Romansh.

Official language: German, French, Italian and Romansh are the national and official languages of the Swiss Confederation.

Religion: 50% - Catholics, 48% - Protestants.

Internet domain: .ch

Mains voltage: ~230 V, 50 Hz

Phone country code: +41

Country barcode: 760-769

Climate

In the northern cantons, winter is mild and lasts about 3 months: from December to February. At this time, the minimum temperature is -1...-4, the maximum +2...+5 degrees. In summer (from June to August) at night it is usually +11...+13 degrees, in the daytime the air warms up to +22...+25 degrees. There is quite a lot of precipitation throughout the year. Their maximum falls on summer period(up to 140 mm per month), at least for the period from January to March (slightly more than 60 mm per month).

In the south, winter temperatures are almost the same, and summer temperatures are higher. The average minimum temperature is +13...+16, the average maximum temperature is +26...+28. There is more rainfall in this area. From March to November, more than 100 mm of precipitation per month falls here, and from June to August this amount approaches 200 mm. The least precipitation falls in January and February (about 60 mm).

The weather in the mountains depends on the altitude of the area. It is snowy in the highlands in winter. The temperature for most of the year (from October to May) is negative both at night and during the day. In the coldest months (January and February) at night the temperature drops to -10...-15, during the day - to -5...-10. It is warmest in July and August (2...7 degrees at night, 5...10 degrees in the daytime). The maximum snow height is observed, as a rule, in early April. At an altitude of 700 meters, it lasts 3 months, 1000 meters - 4.5 months, 2500 meters - 10.5 months.

Geography

Swiss Confederation, state in Central Europe. By state structure- federal Republic. The area of the country is 41.3 thousand square meters. km. In the north it borders with Germany, in the west with France, in the south with Italy, in the east with Austria and Liechtenstein. northern border partly runs along Lake Constance and the Rhine, which begins in the center Swiss Alps and forms part eastern border. The western border runs along the Jura mountains, the southern - along the Italian Alps and Lake Geneva. The capital of Switzerland is Bern.

The Jura mountain range, the Swiss plateau (the so-called "middle lane") and the Alps are the three main geographical regions of the country.

Most of the country is located in the Alps. The average height of the mountains is 1,700 m. The snow limit lies at an altitude of 2,500 m. The Swiss Alps have about 100 mountains with a height of 4,000 m or more, as well as about 1,800 glaciers. The second highest mountain in Switzerland is the Jura. These mountains became famous thanks to the excavations, which resulted in the discovery of numerous remains of dinosaurs. It was at the place of excavations in the limestone mountains of the Jura that the name of the geological period was given.

In Switzerland you can find everything that is found in Europe. It has collected within its borders all the captivating contrasts inherent in this continent, offering the attention and feelings of the traveler a rare combination of natural and man-made sights.

Flora and fauna

Vegetable world

About 1/4 of the country's territory is covered with forests. The composition of forests depends on the height above sea level. Broad-leaved forests of oak, beech, ash, elm, maple, and linden predominate in the region of the Swiss plateau up to a height of 800 m. Above 1000 m, broad-leaved species remain mainly beech; spruces, pines, firs appear. And starting from a height of 1800 m, the main place is occupied by coniferous forests of spruce, fir, pine and larch. At the most high altitudes(up to 2800 m) there are subalpine and alpine meadows, thickets of rhododendron, azaleas, juniper.

The Swiss Plateau is located in the zone of European broadleaf forests. The predominant species are oak and beech, in some places pine is mixed with them. On the southern slope of the Alps, the chestnut tree is typical. Higher up the slopes of the mountains, coniferous forests grow, forming a transitional belt between broad-leaved forests and alpine meadows (at high altitudes). Crocuses and daffodils are typical for alpine flowers in spring, rhododendrons, saxifrage, gentian and edelweiss are typical in summer.

Animal world

The animal world is severely depleted. While the snow partridge and mountain hare are still quite common, such characteristic animals of the upper tiers as roe deer, marmot and chamois are much less common. Great efforts are being made to protect wildlife. in Swiss national park, located near the border with Austria, roe deer and chamois live, less often - alpine mountain goat and fox; there are also white partridge and several species of birds of prey. There are numerous reserves and sanctuaries.

In the mountains there are fox, hare, chamois, marten, alpine marmot, among birds - capercaillie, thrush, swift, snow finch. On the shores of the lakes you can meet gulls, and in the lakes - trout, char, whitefish, grayling.

Attractions

Switzerland is an example of a classical tourist country- elegant cities and famous resorts with cozy hotels, majestic mountains, the purest lakes and scenic hillsides. Here, in a small space, all the beauties of nature and outstanding creations of human hands are concentrated.

Small towns with a unique flavor abound in the country, such as Biel - " watch capital" with two official languages, the famous Solothurn - a city with baroque buildings and many cultural monuments, Chur - ancient city Switzerland (2500 BC), Disentis with an interesting Benedictine monastery and a museum (VIII century), Münster with a Benedictine convent (VIII century, UNESCO protected cultural monument), Guarda and Splügen - typical Alpine villages with many beautiful "chalets", Le Corbusier's birthplace - La Chaux-de-Fonds with its International Watch Museum, Afoltern and Emmental, where famous cheese-making exhibitions are held, or Romon with its Swiss Museum of glass painting . Each such town has a unique charm and deserves special attention.

Banks and currency

Swiss franc (CHF), equal to 100 centimes (rappen in German Switzerland). In circulation there are denominations of 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 francs, as well as coins of 5, 2, 1 franc, 50, 20, 10 and 5 centimes.

Banks and currency exchange are open from 8.00 to 16.00 (some until 17.00 - 18.00) on weekdays, a break from 12.00 to 14.00. Once a week banks are open longer than usual. Currency exchange points at airports and railway stations open daily from 8.00 to 22.00, often around the clock.

Many stores accept convertible currency and accept all major credit cards and traveler's checks. You can change money at any bank branch, in the evening - at exchange offices of large department stores, airports and some travel agencies. It is better to change money abroad, since in Switzerland itself the exchange rate of the national currency is too high.

Useful information for tourists

There are no endemic infectious diseases in Switzerland. Vaccinations against those are not required upon entry, except for those who have been in an epidemic area 14 days prior to arrival in Switzerland. Swiss medical facilities are among the best in the world. In the event of a doctor's visit or hospitalization, you must pay a deposit in cash or traveler's checks or present health insurance. After your hospitalization, you will be sent an invoice, but you may be asked to pay on the spot.

The most popular among buyers are jewelry, watches and chocolate. All major jewelry firms have a representative office in Geneva. For Switzerland, watches have become the epitome of precision, elegance, a kind of world standard.

Tipping is usually not customary, except in restaurants, where tipping is 10% of the order value. We advise you to carefully read the bill, not out of economy, but to comply with tradition - and never exceed 10% of the tip. They are handed over only after they bring change up to a centime.

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Switzerland is a country where amazing wonders of nature are concentrated in a small space. On its slightly more than 41 thousand square meters. km, you can see so many diverse landscapes and landscapes that you can not find in any other country with the same small area.

General information about the country

Switzerland is the country of the most reliable banks in the world. This is the country of army knives, chocolate, watches and cheese. But the main thing is that Switzerland is a country with amazing nature.

We offer you to get acquainted with the nature of Switzerland, its most beautiful corners and peculiarities of flora and fauna.

Location

The state is located in the heart of Europe. It borders with Austria in the east, with Germany in the north, with France in the west and in the south with Italy. More than half of the territory is occupied by mountains. This is mainly the Alpine mountain system (central part) with the main four passes: Oberalp, St. Gotthard, Furka and Grimsel. Here are the sources of the Rhine and the Rhone.

The nature of Switzerland (photos are presented in the article) is magnificent, mainly due to the mountains. The central and southern part of the territory is occupied by the Alps, in the north-west by the Jura, and in the south by the Apennines. The Alps and Jura are separated by a rolling plateau with big amount tectonic lakes. The area of glaciers is 2,000 sq. km. The height of the mountains is on average 1,700 meters. Mount Monte Rosa, which is the highest peak of the Apennines (southern peak of Dufour), has a height of 4,634 meters.

The legend of the nature of Switzerland

According to one old legend, when the wealth of the bowels of the Earth was distributed by the Lord God, they were not enough for a country located in the very center of Europe. In order to correct such an injustice, the Lord gave Switzerland high mountains with shining glaciers, turbulent waterfalls, picturesque valleys, beautiful rivers and azure lakes. And so it turned out unusually beautiful Switzerland. Her landscapes are magnificent in any season and in any weather.

So, wild nature Switzerland. What is she?

Mount Matterhorn

This is the most famous mountain peak of the Alps, located on the border of Switzerland with Italy. The peak has the shape of an almost regular pyramid. It rises among low hills and plains, and it is this isolation that gives this mountain such charm.

The height of the Matterhorn is 4,478 meters.

The nature of Switzerland is magnificent due to the variety of landscapes. Travelers call this valley almost the most beautiful and amazing in the whole world. In fact, it is a deep crevice, located between high sheer cliffs. Its length is 8,000 meters, and its width is no more than a kilometer. Three beautiful mountain peaks are visible from this place - Eiger, Mönch and Jungfrau (in translation - Cannibal, Monk and Virgin).

The peculiarity of the valley lies in the numerous waterfalls. Yes, and the name Lauterbrunnen in translation means "many springs." There are 72 waterfalls in total, and all of them are stunning in their beauty.

The nature of Switzerland cannot be imagined without this lake. No wonder this country is often called "the country of mountains and lakes." And indeed it is. In addition to the mountains that occupy most of its territory, there are more than 1,500 lakes of extraordinary beauty. The largest in the Swiss Alps and the second largest among freshwater bodies of Central Europe is Lake Geneva. locals often referred to as Leman. It lies in the floodplain of the river. Rhone.

The lake fascinates with its amazing pristine beauty and unusual clean water. The Alps reliably cover the reservoir from the wind, thanks to which the water surface is almost unshakable, and the peaks of the mountains and all the surrounding nature, together with houses and medieval castles nestled comfortably on the mountain slopes. The lake, stretched out in the shape of a crescent, is located on the border with France (or rather, the border runs along its center).

Vegetable world

The nature of Switzerland is also rich in vegetation. The Swiss plateau extends into a zone of deciduous forests. Oaks and beeches predominate here, sometimes pines are mixed with them. Chestnut is typical for the southern slopes of the Alps. Further in height, coniferous forests grow, which are a transitional zone between alpine meadows located above and broad-leaved forests.

There are many different bright colors in the mountains. Daffodils and crocuses bloom in spring, edelweiss, rhododendrons, gentian and saxifrage in summer.

Animal world

The fauna, in contrast to the flora, is greatly depleted due to economic activity person. The most common inhabitants are hare and snow partridge. And the animals characteristic of the upper tier of the mountains, such as the marmot, roe deer and chamois, are already much less common.

At the border with Austria there is a Swiss national park, where chamois and roe deer live, foxes and alpine mountain goats are a little less common. Here you can also meet the white partridge and several varieties of birds of prey.

Finally

One should be noted interesting fact. Scientists say that the Swiss Alps are still in the process of formation. According to studies, the height of the mountains increases every year by one millimeter.

It is impossible to describe all the natural attractions of this small European state. The Rhine Falls, the Aletsch Glacier are not all the natural wonders of Switzerland.

Switzerland- one of the most beautiful countries world and Europe. The world's wallet, whose banks are considered the most reliable, Switzerland harmoniously combines the mountainous Alpine pastoral and advanced technologies.

TRAVEL INSURANCE SWITZERLAND —
VISA SWITZERLAND - with delivery.

Switzerland

Switzerland is one of the most memorable European countries. Unsurpassed mountain peaks and fresh alpine air turn an ordinary holiday into a fabulous and invigorating journey. The kingdom of harmony and reliability captivates with its splendor and incredible beauty.

Switzerland on the world map

The Alps occupy not a lot, not a little, but half of the entire territory of the country. The snow-capped peaks of the Alps alternate with deep, dangerous gorges and ancient glaciers that cover more than 10 percent of Swiss land. At the expense of tourists and mountaineers, the Alps represent an excellent source of income for Switzerland. Among the many mountain peaks the largest is the Peak Dufour with a height of 4634 meters.

The capital of Switzerland is the majestic city of Bern.

Switzerland's northern neighbor is, western -, southern -, and in the east and. State languages Switzerland are considered: German, French, Italian and Romansh languages.

Although Switzerland has no access to the seas and, it is rightfully considered rich in water resources, a kind of well of water. This is not surprising, since Alpine glaciers stand at the source of the rivers, and more than five percent of all fresh water reserves in Europe are collected here, and the Inn, Rhine and Rhone rivers originate in Switzerland. Near the city of Schaffhausen flows the largest Rhine waterfall in Europe, more than 23 meters high.

In addition to hundreds of rivers and streams, there are about 1,500 lakes in the country, the largest among them are: Constance and Geneva. No less famous lakes in Switzerland are also Neuchâtel and Firwaldstet.

A distinctive feature of the national flag of Switzerland is that it has not a rectangular, but a square shape. This is a red square panel with a white cross in the middle, each side of which is the same length as the others. In this case, the ends of the cross do not reach the borders of the canvas.

According to many historians, such a flag originated from one of the cantons that ruled Switzerland back in 1291. With the passage of time, the color scheme of the flag remained unchanged, but its shape and the length of the sides of the white cross changed. From the Swiss flag came the symbolic image of the Red Cross organization. Researchers disagree on the symbolic meaning of such a flag. Some sources say that the white cross symbolizes the neutrality of the country, while others indicate that it recalls the struggle of Christians in the name of the freedom of their state. The red color is a symbol of courage and bravery of the Swiss.

Local climate features

The territory of the country is located in the temperate continental climate zone. The Alpine mountains have the greatest attention to the local climate. They act as a massive barrier that keeps cold arctic masses from moving south and warm air masses from north. The northern cantons are distinguished by mild winters, which last from December to -, and its average temperatures are from -4 to +5 degrees. it is quite humid here, with about 140 millimeters of rain every month. Night temperatures reach 13 degrees Celsius, and during the day the sun warms the earth up to 25 degrees Celsius.

In the south of Switzerland, summer temperatures almost do not differ from winter ones, amounting to about 13-16 degrees at night and 26-28 degrees during the day. Precipitation in the summer season is about 200 millimeters per month, and in winter - about 60 millimeters.

The mountains themselves in winter are characterized by low frosty temperatures and a huge amount of snow, which, depending on the height of occurrence, can lie for almost a whole year.

Flora and fauna of Switzerland

The territory of the Swiss plateau is covered with a carpet of forests, which are represented by broad-leaved trees, oaks and beeches predominate among them, and pine is gradually wedged into the general vegetation. For the southern part of the Alps, tall chestnuts become characteristic, and the higher into the mountains, the more coniferous trees are found, which at great heights overflow into incredible alpine meadows, where you can find glades dotted with daffodils, crocuses, rodendrons and edelweiss.

Among animals, hare hares and snow partridges are common. Many species of animals have suffered noticeably from significant human interference, so chamois, roe deer and marmots have become quite rare. In order to preserve the richness of their animal world, the Swiss make great efforts to protect nature in their national parks.

Switzerland - Cultural Features

The artistic heritage of Switzerland is not that great, but many Swiss talents have traveled abroad and become popular there. Among such cultural figures are Paul Klee, Charles Corbusier and Albert Giacometti.

The Swiss people revere yodelling, Swiss wrestling and playing the alpine horn, but even more they love peace and quiet, so the restrained Swiss do not tolerate noisy and screaming tourists at night. Vacationers are obliged to behave in such a way as not to interfere with the rest of others.

As for traditional Swiss cuisine, it does not stand out too much from other European countries and combines the best recipes from France and Germany. But it can easily boast of its delicious cheeses, of which there are more than a hundred types.

Swiss chocolate also deserves special attention, with which they prepare an incredible number of delicious desserts.

Top Swiss Attractions

EXCURSIONS SWITZERLAND —

Switzerland is a country of luxurious rest and comfort. Here you can find the most best hotels, the most picturesque corners nature and the most clean cities. Each of the cities belonging to this magnificent country has its own characteristics.

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Cities such as La Chaux-de-Fonds and Biel are very popular among travelers. There you can get to know the city called Solothurn, which presents to your attention a myriad of architectural works in the Baroque style. The famous Clock Museum and the Benedictine convent also receive a sea of tourists every year. By the way, this monastery is included in the list of national treasures of UNESCO.
Gourmets should definitely visit Swiss cheese exhibitions. They pass. In Romon, there is a museum of glass painting, which presents incredibly elegant works.

The pearl of Swiss tourism will always be the mountains, which cannot but fascinate with their grandeur. Ski resorts Switzerland is considered one of the best and most comfortable in the world (for example). Excursion programs of walks in the mountains take into account all the most colorful and fascinating places.

Switzerland is a country of luxury holidays and mountain splendor, it will always attract visitors with its high standard of living and natural beauties. Having been here, you will definitely not want to leave this wonderful country!

Have a good trip!
And return to .

The Swiss Confederation is a state in Central Europe. According to the state structure - a federal republic. The area of the country is 41.3 thousand square meters. km. In the north it borders with Germany, in the west with France, in the south with Italy, in the east with Austria and Liechtenstein. The northern border runs partly along Lake Constance and the Rhine, which starts in the center of the Swiss Alps and forms part of the eastern border. The western border runs along the Jura mountains, the southern - along the Italian Alps and Lake Geneva. The capital of Switzerland is Bern.

In Switzerland, there are three natural area: mountain range Jura in the northwest, the Swiss Plateau (plateau) in the center and the Alps in the southeast.

Switzerland and France, stretching from Geneva to Basel and Schaffhausen. The Swiss plateau formed at the site of a trough between the Jura and the Alps, which was filled with loose glacial deposits in the Pleistocene and is currently cut through by numerous rivers. Most of the country's population is concentrated here, located big cities And industrial centers. The most fertile agricultural lands and pastures are concentrated in the same region.

Almost the entire southern half of Switzerland is occupied by the Alps. Mountains of Switzerland high, uneven, snow-covered mountains are dissected by deep gorges. In the ridge zone there are firn fields and glaciers (10% of the country's territory). The highest peaks are Dufour peak (4634 m) in the Monte Rosa massif on the border with Italy, Dom (4545 m), Weisshorn (4505 m), Matterhorn (4477 m), Grand Combin (4314 m), Finsterarhorn (4274 m) and Jungfrau (4 158 m).

Climate of Switzerland

Switzerland belongs to the temperate continental climate region. But, speaking about the climate of this country, it should be borne in mind that about 60% of its territory is occupied by mountains, so here you can get from winter to summer in two hours. The Alps are a kind of barrier that prevents the flow of cold arctic masses to the south, and warm subtropical masses to the north. In the northern cantons, winter is mild and lasts about 3 months: from December to February. At this time, the minimum temperature is -1...-4, the maximum +2...+5 degrees. In summer (from June to August) at night it is usually +11...+13 degrees, in the daytime the air warms up to +22...+25 degrees. There is quite a lot of precipitation throughout the year. Their maximum falls on the summer period (up to 140 mm per month), the minimum for the period from January to March (slightly more than 60 mm per month).

Statistical indicators of Switzerland
(as of 2012)

Water system of Switzerland

The Rhine and its tributary Aare flow through most of Switzerland. The southwestern regions belong to the drainage basin of the Rhone, the southern regions to the Ticino basin and the southeastern regions to the river basin. Inn (a tributary of the Danube). The rivers of Switzerland have no navigable value. On the Rhine, navigation is supported only as far as Basel.

Many lakes, the most picturesque of them are located along the edges of the Swiss plateau - Geneva, Thun in the south, Firwaldstet, Zurich in the east, Neuchâtel and Biel in the north. Most of these lakes are of glacial origin: they were formed during an era when large glaciers descended from the mountains to the Swiss plateau. South of the axis of the Alps in the canton of Ticino are the lakes of Lugano and Lago Maggiore.

Flora of Switzerland

About 1/4 of the country's territory is covered with forests. The composition of forests depends on the height above sea level. Broad-leaved forests of oak, beech, ash, elm, maple, and linden predominate in the region of the Swiss plateau up to a height of 800 m. Above 1000 m, broad-leaved species remain mainly beech; spruces, pines, firs appear. And starting from a height of 1800 m, the main place is occupied by coniferous forests of spruce, fir, pine and larch. At the highest altitudes (up to 2800 m) there are subalpine and alpine meadows, thickets of rhododendron, azaleas, juniper.

Animal world of Switzerland

The animal world is severely depleted. While the snow partridge and mountain hare are still quite common, such characteristic animals of the upper tiers as roe deer, marmot and chamois are much less common. Great efforts are being made to protect wildlife. In the Swiss National Park, located near the border with Austria, roe deer and chamois live, less often - alpine ibex and fox; there are also white partridge and several species of birds of prey. There are numerous reserves and sanctuaries.